与森林相关的词汇及对照英文翻译

1、森林forest2006年6月13日16:45出处：FanE翻译中国词汇由：tradoser提供森林forest原始林virginforest次生林secondaryforest天然林naturalforest人工林forestplantation,man-madeforest速生丰产林fast-growingandhigh-yieldplantation乔林highforest中林compositeforest矮林coppiceforest针叶林coniferousforest阔叶林broadleavedforest落叶阔叶林deciduousbroadleavedforest常绿阔叶林ev

2、ergreenbroadleavedforest热带雨林tropicalrainforest红树林mangroveforest林种forestcategory用材林timberforest防护林protectionforest经济林non-timberproductforest培育木材以外的其它林产品为主的森林薪炭林firewoodforest,fuelwoodforest能源林energyforest特种用途林forestforspecialuse风景林amenityforest纯林pureforest混交林mixedforest同龄林evenagedforest异龄林unevenagedf

3、orest单层林分uniformstand复层林分multi-storiedstand树木学dendrology树木生理学treephysiology森林气象学forestmeteorology森林土壤学forestsoilscience森林生物学forestbiology森林生态学forestecology林业经济学foresteconomics森林遗传学forestgenetics林木育种学foresttreeimprovement森林培育学又称silviculture“造林学”.树木学dendrology树木生理学treephysiology森林气象学forestmeteorology森

4、林土壤学forestsoilscience森林生物学forestbiology森林生态学forestecology林业经济学foresteconomics森林遗传学forestgenetics林木育种学foresttreeimprovement森林培育学又称silviculture“造林学”.foresttree林学forestscience,forestrybreeding森林病理学forestpathology森林昆虫学forestentomology森林测计学又称forest“测树学”mensuration森林经理学forestmanagement林业史forestryhistory水土

5、保持学soilandwaterconservation园林学landscapearchitecture木材学woodscience,woodtechnology森林利用学forestutilization林业工程学forestengineering木材加工学woodprocessingforestproducts林产化学加工学chemicalprocessingof林业forestry森林资源forestresources森林覆盖率forestcoverage,percentage森林效益foresteffect乡村林业ruralforestry城市林业urbanforestry粗放林业ext

6、ensiveforestry集约林业intensiveforestryofforestcover森林工业forestindustry森林经营forestmanagement林业政策forestpolicy林业经济foresteconomy林业法规forestryregulation森林生态系统forestecosystem生物地理群落biogeocoenosis农林复合生态系统integralagroforestryecosystem森林物质循环mineralcyclinginforest,materialcyclinginforest森林能量平衡energyequilibriuminfore

7、st林分stand林分组成standcomposition林龄standage林分起源originofstand林相forestform林分密度standdensity郁闭度crowndensity森林环境forestenvironment立地site立地类型sitetype喜光树种intoleranttreespecies4/16曾用名“阳性树种”耐荫树种shade-toleranttreespecies喜温树种thermophiloustreespecies耐寒树种winterhardytreespecies旱生树种xerophiloustreespecies湿生树种hygrophilou

8、streespecies中生树种mesophiloustreespecies森林气候forestclimate冻拔frostheaving冻裂frostcleft,frostcracking林冠层forestcanopy森林水文foresthydrology树冠截留crowninterception干流stemflow冠淋crownwash透冠雨throughfall淋失leaching森林土壤forestsoil枯枝落叶层litter死地被物forestfloor又称“林褥”森林腐殖质foresthumus改良土壤树种soilimprovingtreespecies粗腐殖质rawhumus,

9、mor细腐殖质mildhumus,mull化感作用又称“allelopathy异种克生”.互惠共生mutualisticsymbiosis森林群落forestcommunity林型foresttype林分结构standstructure复层混交林stratifiedmixedstand主林层mainstorey次林层substorey乔木层treestratum下木层undergrowth活地被物层groundvegetation优势树种dominanttreespecies亚优势树种subdominanttreespecies伴生树种associatedtreespecies乡土树种indi

10、genoustreespecies,nativetreespecies先锋树种pioneertreespecies地带性顶极zonalclimax,primaryclimax非地带性顶极azonalclimax森林线又称forestline,forestlimit“森林界限”.树木线timberline又称“树木界限”.林木改良foresttreeimprovement林木选择selectionoftree精选树elitetree正号树plustree优树superiortree优良林分superiorstand,superiorplantation林木引种introductionofexot

11、icspecies树木育种treebreeding母树林seedproductionstand种子园seedorchard无性系种子园clonalseedorchard实生苗种子园seedlingseedorchard去劣种子园roguedseedorchard种子原产地provenance,seedsource又称“种源”.产地试验provenancetrial又称“种源试验”.trial局部分布区产地试验limitedrangeprovenance全分布区产地试验widerangeprovenancetrial子代测定progenytest无性系测定clonaltest优树采集区clona

12、larchive采穗圃cuttingorchard种子区seedzone育种区breedingzone造林forestation人工更新artificialreforestation无林地造林afforestation四旁植树four-sidetreeplanting指路旁、水旁、村旁、宅旁的植树林木种子foresttreeseed母树seedtree采种seedcollection种实调制seedprocessing种子贮藏seedstorage种子层积催芽seedstratification种子检验seedtesting,seedqualityexamination种子证明书seedcer

13、tification森林苗圃forestnursery固定苗圃permanentnursery8/16临时苗圃temporarynursery苗木nurserystock,plantingstock播种苗treeseedling又称“实生苗”.野生苗wildling苗床seedbed床作beddingculture垅作ridgeculture撒播broadcastsowing条播stripsowing,drillsowing带播beltsowing点播spotsowing覆盖mulching上方遮荫overheadshading侧方遮荫sideshading营养繁殖苗plantingstock

14、byvegetativepropagation移植苗transplant裸根苗barerootseedling容器苗containerseedling苗木出圃outplanting起苗liftingofseedlings假植heelin苗木贮藏seedlingstorage苗木分级seedlingsorting苗木包装seedlingpacking造林地plantingsite,plantedland宜林地suitablelandforforest造林区划silviculturalregionalization立地评价siteevaluation立地分类siteclassification造林

15、调查设计plantationsurveyandproject树种选择choiceoftreespecies适地适树matchingspecieswiththesite造林密度plantingdensity种植点配置spacingofplantingspots,spacingofseedingspots行状配置stripspacing群状配置groupspacing人工混交林mixtureplantation混交类型typeofmixture混交方法patternofmixture造林地整地sitepreparation,soilpreparation造林地清理sitepreparation植树

16、锹plantingbar整地方法methodofsoilpreparation全面整地overallsoilpreparation局部整地partialsoilpreparation带状整地stripsoilpreparation块状整地spotsoilpreparation造林方法methodofforestation播种造林又称seeding,direct“直播造林”.seeding飞机播种简称airseeding,“飞播”.aerialseeding植苗造林treeplanting分殖造林plantingbyvegetativepropagation插条造林plantingbycutti

17、ngs埋条造林又称plantingby“埋干造林”.layerings分根造林plantingbyrootcuttings分蘖造林plantingbytillers穴植法holeplanting缝植法slitplanting,plantinginnotches楔形栽植wedgeplanting丛植bunchplanting带土栽植ballplanting造林季节plantingseason幼林抚育tendingafteryoungplantation幼林检查checkingofyoungplantation造林成活率survivalrate造林保存率survivalrateofplantati

18、on补植reinforcementplanting抚育采伐intermediatecutting疏伐thinning透光伐cleaning,releasecutting克拉夫特分级法Kraftstreeclassification卫生伐sanitationcutting拯救伐salvagecutting解放伐liberationcutting自然分化naturaldifferentiation自然稀疏selfthinning林木分级treeclassification优势木dominanttree亚优势木codominanttree中等木intermediatetree被压木suppresse

19、dtree死亡木deadtree下层疏伐lowthinning,thinningfrombelow上层疏伐crownthinning,thinningfromabove机械疏伐mechanicalthinning综合疏伐combinedmethodofthinning化学透光伐chemicalcleaning疏伐强度thinningintensity林分密度控制图standdensitycontroldiagram定量疏伐quantitativethinning修枝prunning修干枝dryprunning修活枝greenprunning除蘖tillercutting垦复improvemen

20、tofstandcondition指深松土、压青、修枝、除蘖等综合抚育,主要用于经济林.森林作业法silviculturalsystem主伐harvestcutting,finalfelling主伐方式systemofcuttings皆伐clearcutting大面积皆伐largeareaclearcutting带状皆伐clearcuttinginstrips小块状皆伐clearcuttinginpatches择extensiveselectioncuttin渐伐shelterwoodcutting曾用名“伞伐”.预备伐preparatorycutting下种伐seedcutting受光伐li

21、ghtcutting后伐removalcutting均匀渐伐uniformshelterwoodcutting带状渐伐strip-shelterwoodcutting块状渐伐group-shelterwoodcutting择伐selectioncutting经伐managementselection营cutting,intensiveselectioncutting级diameterlimitselectioncutting,g群状择伐group-selectioncutting森林种子更新forestregenerationfromseeds森林无性更新vegetativeforestregeneration萌芽更新regenerationfromsprouts根蘖更新regenerationfromrootsuckers矮林作业coppicemethod中林作业coppicewithstandar