Unit-11听力教程4-施心远

1、1. Unit11Section1ListeningandTranslationTheNationalAssessmentofAdultLiteracyisthemostimportanttestofhowwelladultAmericanscanread.2. Thosewhotookpartweretestedonhowwelltheycouldreadandunderstandinformationusedineverydaylife.3. Thestudyfoundthat11millionadults,orfivepercent,cannotreadEnglish.4. Resear

2、cherssaypartoftheproblemisthatmanyyoungAmericansdonotreadasmuchforpleasureanymore.5. Thebestreaderswerefoundtoearnupto28,000dollarsayearmorethanthosewholackedsimplereadingskills.1. 国家成人读写能力评估”是检测美国成年人阅读能力的一项主要测试。2. 该测试检测的是参加者阅读和理解日常生活信息的能力。3. 这项调查发现有1,100万，即百分之五的成年人看不懂英语。4. 研究人员说，问题的部分原因在于很多美国年轻人作为消

3、遣所进行的阅读已经不太多了。5. 人们发现阅读水平高的人比那些不具备基本阅读能力的人的年收入多28,000美元。Section2Part1DialogueLeadershipOutlineThesubjectisleadership”GreatleadersinhistoryCharacteristicsallgreatleadershaveincommonForastart,Secondly,Thethird,thefourth,FinallyGreatleadersinhistory-militarychiefs-natinalheroes;dreadedtyrants-2.-spirit

4、ualleadersCharacteristicsallgreatleadershaveincommon-whattheywanttoachieve-worktowardsthemwhatobstaclestheymaycomeupagainst-theendjustifiesthemeans-thewillofthepeope;improvetheirlot-besuccessfulPart2PassageEx.B:1. Goingtothelibraryorlockingyourselfinyourroomwithnoaimotherthanreadingforapredetermined

5、预先确定的timeislikelytoleadtoboredom.2. Onewayroundthisproblemwhenyouencounteritistosetyoueselfreallysmallandmanageable可做至U的readingtasks.3. Thetasksouldbeonethatisusefultowardsyourfinalaimofgettingyouressayorpaperordissertation学位论文written,orrevisingfor为而复习yourexam.4. Indevising设计suchtinybutdoable可行的task

6、sforyourselfyouareusingyourcreativity,makingthereadingapersonaltasktoyouandbreakingalargeendeavor努力up分解intosmallandattainable可至，达的steps.5. Oftenthemotivation动力；动机suppliedbyanassignment作业oressaywillhelpyoutofocusyourreadinginhelpfulways.Ex.C:1-4TTTF5-8TFTFT(Readingforthesakeofreadinghasnovaluewhateve

7、r.)T(Unlessitiscombinedwithathoughtfulchoiceofpredetermined预定的readingtask,oraparticularlywiseorfortuitous幸运的choiceofreadingmaterial,goingtothelibraryorlockingyourselfinyourroomwithnoaimotherthan除了readingforapredeterminedtimeislikelytoleadtoboredom,sothatyouendupmindlessly不用心地staringatthetext,without

8、engaging运用yourbrain.)T(Ontheotherhand,settingyourselfaparticularperiodinwhichtoaccomplishareadingtaskcanbehelpfulasawayofgettingyourselftofocus.)F(Ifyoutrythistactic方法tohelpyoufocusasareader,don'tbedespondent沮丧的if,asmaywellhappen,yougetsoabsorbed专心致志的thatyouoverrun超过thetimeyouhavesetyourself.Thi

9、scouldwellbeapositivething.)T(Sometimesthedifficultywithreading,aswithmanyotherjobs,issimplyhowtogetstarted.)F(Allaresuggestedinthepassageexceptthepreface序言,前言.)T(Thetaskshouldbeonethatisusefultowardsyouefinalaimofgettingyouressayorpaperordissertationwritten,orrevisingforyourexam,butsmallenoughforit

10、tobehardlyconceivable可想像的thatyoucouldnotcompleteithowevertired,depressed,lonelyorboredyouare.)F(Whenyouarereadingatothertimesforexamle,inanattempttoexpandon进一步阐述ideasandinformationthatyouhavepickedup学会inlecturesorseminarsinventingpossibleessaytopicsforyourselfwilloftenbeagoodwayofstructiingyourreadi

11、ng.)Section3NewsItem1A:aboutafatman'swalkfromCaliforniatoManhattan.B:Thehero:SteveVaught,a40-year-oldfatheroftwoTimespent:ayearandamonthLengthofthejourney:nearly4,800kilometersStartingpoint:hishomeinCaliforniaDeatination:ManhattanHisoriginalaim:toloseweightafterfallingintoadepressionanddevelopin

12、ganeatingdisorderHisachievement:Hearrived100poundsor45kilomgramslighterHerealizedweightlosswasmoreaboutthestateofmind心境，心情;精木申状态thanbodyandthesecrettobecomingthinnerwasbeinghappier.Hiswebsie:AFatManWalkingHisfutureplan:topublishabookabouthisexperiencesScript:A40-year-oldfatheroftwo,SteveVaught,tookt

13、hefinalstepsofhisepic史诗般的journeyashecrossedtheGeorgeWashingtonBridgeintoManhattan.Ittookhimayearandamonthtowalkthenearly4,800kilometersfromhishomeinCalifornia.Hisoriginalaimhadbeentoloseweightafterfallingintoadepressionanddevelopinganeatingdisorder.Hedidarrive100poundsor45kilogramslighterbutsaidheha

14、dlearnedthatweightlosswasmoreaboutthestateofmindthanbody.Henowrealizedthesecrettobecomingthinnerwasbeinghappier.Hisvoyageofself-discovery自我发现wasviewedbymillionsaroundtheworldonhiswebsideAFatManWalking',andhenowplanstopublishabookabouthisexperiences.Butbeforedisappearingintoahotel,hetoldreporters

15、hisfirstplanwastoputon穿上somenewsocks短袜.NewsItem2A:aboutthefirstatheist无神论者summercampintheUKB:theUS,atheism,whattheythink,philosophy,logicalfallacies谬论,theInvisibleUnicornChallenge,liveintheareaaroundtheirtents,theydon'exist,anegative,thinking,philosophy,scientificandcriticalthinkingCampQuestScri

16、pt:It'§beyondbelief!'超越信仰isthemotto座右铭oftheorganization,whichwassetupintheUnitedStatestocountertheinfluenceoffaith-based以信彳印为基础的summercampsrunbytheScoutsandchurchgroups.ButthedirectorofthecampintheUK,SamamthaStein,saysitspurposeisnottospreadatheism无神论rathertoencouragethinking.(SamamthaS

17、tein)TheideaofCampQuestisreallytoletthechildrendecidewhattheythink.Sowe'regoingtorunsomeactivitiesonphilosophy人生观forchildren.Andwe'llrunactivitiesonlogicalfallacies逻辑的推理谬误.Soit'sreallyawayofgettingthekidsinterestedinthinking,interestedinphilosophyandquestionsofreligionandallsortsofscient

18、ificandcrticalthinking.''OneofthegamesplayedatCampQuestiscalledtheInvisibleUnicornChallenge.Campersaretoldthatunicornliveintheareaaroundtheirtents,andarethenaskedtoprovethattheydon'texist.Theaimistoillustratethedifficultyofprovinganegative.Butanychildrenwhomanagethefeatwillwinaten-poundn

19、otesignedbytheauthorofTheGodDelusion,RichardDawkins,whosemoneyalsohelpsfundthecamp.NewsItem3A:aboutthenewcompulsorycitizenshipceremonyandtestinBritain.英国新公民强制，性的入籍宣誓仪式和入籍考试B:1. Oldpracticeswearanoathofallegiance拥护,忠诚,lawyer,certificateNewPractice1.2004,compulsorycitizenshipceremony,abroaderoath,resp

20、ectBritain:srights,freedoms,Icivic公民dignitaries权贵atest,establishknoeledgeofthecountry,itslanguage24,lifeintheUnitedkindom,45minutestryagainandagainsimpletestsofknowledge,morecomplexculturalissuesPurposefeeltheybelongeaseracialtensionControversyhavesimilarschemes,theUnitedStates,citizenshipclasses,ce

21、remoniesnationalistic,unduepressure,conform,buildamulti-culturesocietyinBritain.Script:ForyearsthosebecomingBritishcitizenssimplyhadtoswearanoathofallegianceinfrontofalawyerandthenreceiveacertificateinthepost.Butin2004Britainintroducedacompulsorycitizenshipceremony,whichrequirednewcitizenstotakeabro

22、aderoathpromisingtorespectBritain'srights,freedomsandlaws,andallofthisinfrontofcivicdignitariesdressedinfullregaliaNowthegovernmentisgoingevenfurther:It'slaunchingatestdesignedtoestablishknowledgeofthecountryanditslanguage.Thetestcontains24questionsonlifeintheUnitedKingdomandwilllastfor45min

23、utes.Ifapplicantsdontpassthefirsttime,theycantryagainandagain.ThequestionsrangefromsimpletestsofknowledgesuchasWhat'stheminimumageforbuyingalcohol?'toexploringmorecomplexculturalissuesHowinterestedareyoungpeopleinpolitics?'Thegovernmentbelievesthetestispartofaprocessthatwillhelpnewcitize

24、nstofeeltheybelongandease舒缓racial种族的tension紧张的状态byremoving除去suspicionofimmigrants移民.Supporterspointtoothercountrieswhichhavesimilarschemes,particularlytheUnitedStateswherecitizenshipclassesandceremonieshavelongbeencommonpractice.Opponents反对者however,sayit'salltoonationalistic民族主义的andputsundue过分的p

25、ressureonnewcomerstoconform,workingagainsttheeffortstobuildamulti-culturalsocietyinBritain.多年来那些申请入籍英国的人只需简单地在律师面前宣誓效忠，然后领到一份邮寄的入籍证书就可以了。但在2004年，英政府提出了强制性的入籍宣誓仪式，要求新公民的誓言范围更广，包括许诺尊重英国权利、自由和法律，整个入籍宣誓仪式过程中，新公民都要面对全副盛装的民事权贵。现在英政府要再加强措施一为了测验新公民对英国风俗与语言的了解，政府开始实施入籍考试制度。这个考试包括了24道关于英国生活的问题，全卷限时45分钟。如果申请者第

26、一次考试不及格，还可以不断补考。问题涉及面从简单常识（譬如实酒的最低年龄是多少岁？”）到探索更复杂的文化问题（譬如年轻人对政治的兴趣有多大？”）。英政府相信测试既是帮助新公民增强归属感的一部分，同时还可以通过排除可疑的移民来缓解种族紧张。支持者指出其它实施类似方案的国家一尤其是美国，其公民等级制和入籍仪式已成为普通惯例。然而，反对者认为这一方案太具民族主义，会给新公民在入乡随俗上增添过大的压力，这与英国建立一个多元文化社会的初衷背道而驰。Section4PartI:A:B:1. Sixbasicingredientsofexplosives.2. Becausethedogsareveryreliable.Theyhaveneverhadadogoutworkingin