外研版必修五module2知识点

1、 必修五Module 2 A job worth doing 知识点总结重点短语1.to ones satisfaction 使某人感到满意的是2.offer ones hand 伸出手3.offer sb.sth. =offer sth.to sb. 为某人提供某物4.show/have respect for sb.=respect sb. 尊敬某人 5.give/send my respects to sb.请代我向某人问好/致意6.in all respects 无论从哪方面来看7.pass by 经过；从旁经过8.pass away 去世；（时间等）消磨掉，过去9.pass down

2、 把一代传一代；流传10.pass on 传递11.take. . .for granted 认为.理所当然12.take it/things easy 轻松，放松13.take ones time 慢慢来，不着急14.in particular 尤其，特别地15.be particular about/over. . . 对讲究/挑剔16.have an effect on. . . 对有影响17.take up 站好位置以备 18.when用作并列连词时，常用下列句型：（1）Sb.was about to do sth.when. . . =Sb.was on the point of d

3、oing sth.when. . . 某人正要干某事时，这时. (2) Sb.was doing sth.when. . . 某人正在干某事时，这时 (3) Sb.had (just) done sth.when. . .某人刚干完某事时，这时19.apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物20.apply sth.to sth. 把应用于21.apply to. . . 适用于22.apply onesely to. . . 致力于23.sth. require doing/to be done 某物需要被做24.require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做

4、某事25.require that. . .(should) do sth. 要求做某事26.in great demand 需求很大27.meet/satisfy ones demang(s) 满足某人的需要28.demang to do sth. 要求做某事29.demand that. . .(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事30.in response to 作为的回应31.make/give a response to 对.做出反应32.make/give no response to 对不予回答/理解33.take notice of 注意到34. in practi

5、ce 实际上；在实践中35.take up站好位置以备36.on average平均37in theory理论上；从理论上来说课标单词1offer(主动)提出(愿意做某事)(vi.)2respect遵守(vt.)3contract合同；契约(n.)4permanent长久的；永久的；永恒的(adj.)5apply申请(vi.)6essential必不可少的；绝对重要的(adj.)7grateful感激的；感谢的(adj.)8available可获得的(adj.)9demand要求；需要(n.)10suffer遭受(痛苦)(vi.)11.satisfying令人满意的(adj.)satisfie

6、d感到满意的(adj.)satisfy使满意(v.)satisfaction满意(n.)satisfactory令人满意的(adj.)12stressful充满压力的；紧张的(adj.)stress压力(n.)13direct指挥(vt.)director指导者，导演，指挥(n.)direction指挥，指导，方向(n.)14freeze冻住；冻僵(vi.)freezer冰箱(n.)freezing极冷的(adj.)frozen结冰的；冻住的(adj.)15sign签字；签署(vt.)signature_签字(n.)signal信号(n.)16require需要(vt.)demand(同义词)

7、需要(v. & n)requirement需要(n.)17traditional传统的(adj.)tradition传统(n.)重点单词1.offer vt. & vi.(主动)提出；提供；出价n.提供精讲拓展：offer sb. sth.offer sth. to sb.提供给某人某物offer to do sth.主动提出做某事offer money for sth.出钱买东西offer sth. for money开价卖东西offer advice/suggestions/congratulations/the price提出劝告/建议/表示祝贺/出价accept one

8、's offer接受某人的建议误区警示：offer后不能接动名词作宾语，经常接名词、代词、不定式等。I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here.有人曾向我提供大笔款项让我搬迁，但我决定留在这里。He offered me 300 dollars for that television.他向我出300美元买那台电视机。My classmates offer to help me with my English.我的同学愿意帮我学英语。朗文在线：Offer som

9、e coffee to the guests.端些咖啡给客人。They have offered us 75,000 for the house.他们已向我们出价7.5万英镑买这幢房子。I've been offered a job in advertising.有一份广告工作聘请我去做。She offered to drive me to the station.她表示愿意开车送我去车站。词语辨析：offer, provide与supply这三个词都有“提供”的意思。(1)offer提供，侧重主动给予，多指具体的事物。多用于：offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to

10、sb.。(2)provide供应，供给，表示事先准备好必需品来“供应”。一般用于：provide sth. for sb.与provide sb. with sth.。(3)supply补给，供给，提供，只用于具体事物，侧重补充不足的人员或物品，有时可以与provide互换。经常用于：supply sth. to sb.或supply sb. with sth.。2.direct adj.直的，不弯曲的；直接的，坦白的，恰好的vt. & vi.指导；指引；指向；命令adv.直接地；一直精讲拓展：direct/show sb. to someplace为某人指去的路direct sth.

11、 to sb.对某人说；写给某人in a direct line成一条直线in direct contact with sb.与某人直接联络direction n方向；方位；指挥in the direction of朝方向director n导演，主任directory n姓名地址录，电话簿directly adv.直接地，立即误区警示：副词direct和directly的区别：direct的意思是“径直地；直接地”，多用于表面意思，没有比喻义。directly着重指对事物的直接影响，不着重实际距离，多用比喻义。direct和straight作副词的区别：表示“直接去某地”时，用direct或

12、straight。direct侧重“直接”，中途不停；而straight侧重“直”，不拐弯，无ly形式。The plane flies direct to London.飞机直飞伦敦。Go straight to the second crossing.一直向前走到第二个十字路口。朗文在线：She has direct control over the business.她直接控制着这个企业。None of them has ever directed serious attention to the problem.他们中间从来没有人认真地注意过这个问题。Esther decided to

13、contact the manager direct.艾丝特决定直接和经理联系。命题方向：direct作动词和形容词的用法，以及副词形式directly用作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。3.apply vt.申请，应用vi.申请，适用；专心；集中精力精讲拓展：be applied to适用于；应用于；施加于；用来表示apply for申请；请求，接洽apply oneself to致力于；集中精力做某事apply sth. to把运用于apply to关系到，牵涉到；适用于；运用于；向询问；与接洽applied adj.应用的，实用的application n请求，申请，申请表，应用；应用程序，

14、应用软件applicative adj.可适用的；合用的applicatively adv.可适用地朗文在线：I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them.我申请了四所大学，全都录取我了。Fletcher applied for the post of Eliot's secretary.弗莱彻申请艾略特的秘书一职。Stephen would do very well if only he applied himself.只要专心致志，斯蒂芬会做得很好的。命题方向：apply表示“适应”和“申请”所构成的不

15、同句型，apply oneself to和apply for。4.respect vt.&n.尊敬；尊重；方面；问候He has great respect for statesmen.精讲拓展：show/pay respect for向表示尊敬with respect to sth.涉及、提供或关于某物earn the respect of赢得的尊敬pay respect to关心in all respects无论从哪方面来看in respect of关于，就来说without respect to不考虑，不管respecting adj.关于，说到注意：respectable尊敬的

16、，可敬的，品行端庄的，体面的，有身份的，常用作定语。 respectful有礼貌的，表示尊敬的，常用作be respectful to sb.这一结构中。respective个别的，各自的，类似于separate，其副词为respectively。活学巧练：(1)Please allow me to express our warm welcome to our respected guests！(替换)honoured(2)I respect_(尊重)your opinions.(3)Childrenshouldshow_respect_fortheir teachers.(替换)pay r

17、espect for(4)Only by taking turns to speak can we get the chance to speak and to be listened to_with respect(尊重地)(5)My father sends his respects to you.(替换)regards(6)He is a_respectable(可敬的)teacher, and we should be respectful to him.(7)After the party we all went off to our respective rooms.(替换)_ow

18、n_5.demand n要求vt.要求；需求vi.询问精讲拓展：in demand需求，广受欢迎make demands on需要，要求meet/satisfy one's demands满足需求by popular demand应公众要求on demand一经要求demand sth.要求知道，查问demand sth. from/of sb.向某人要求demand to know/see.要求了解demand that(从句)要求朗文在线：The government refused to give in to the demands of the terrorists.政府拒绝对

19、恐怖分子提出的要求作出让步。The job makes great demands on my time.这项工作需要我花很多时间。Ford have increased production in order to meet demand.福特公司为了满足需求，已提高了产量。Her books are in great demand at the moment.目前她的书非常畅销。命题方向：demand后接that宾语从句时，虚拟语气的用法。活学巧练：翻译句子(1)有人要和你谈一谈。Someone demanded to have a talk with you.(2)老师要求学生放学后把教

20、室的门窗关好。The teacher demands the students shut all the windows and doors of the classroom after school.(3)我要求你立刻答复。I demand an immediate answer of/from you.易混辨异demand/request/require/ask四者都含有“要求，请求”的意思。(1)demand一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。She demanded an immediate explanation.她强烈要求立即作出解释。(2)request是正式

21、用词，指非常正式、有礼貌地请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。They made a request for further aid.他们要求再给一些帮助。(3)require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。The wearing of seat belts is required by law.法律规定必须系安全带。(4)ask属普通用词，指向对方提出要求或请求，长、晚辈、上下级之间都可使用。She asked that she should be kept informed.她要求继续向她汇报有关情况。6.suffer vt.遭受，经历，忍受vi.受痛苦，受损害

22、精讲拓展：suffer the consequences承担后果，受到惩罚suffer a defeat/damage/injury/loss/pain遭受失败/损坏/伤痛/损失/痛苦suffer for.因而吃苦头suffer from.患病；(因)而遭受痛苦sufferer n受苦(难)者；受害者；患者，病人suffering n苦楚adj.受苦的，患病的suffer(vt.)意为“遭受，蒙受”，常直接跟pain，loss，defeat，hardship，disappointment等作宾语。Suffer from 受之苦，受损失，常跟the war，the flood，a headach

23、e等作宾语。名师点津：suffer后跟from时，常表示“因而遭受”，此时suffer为不及物动词；若后面直接跟宾语，则表示遭受的结果。另外，suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦，而suffer from指长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。误区警示：suffer可指变差，变坏，变糟，这里只作不及物动词。The ferry operators denied that safety would suffer if costs were cut.渡轮经营者们否认了降低成本就会影响安全的说法。朗文在线：I know I'll suffer for it in the morning, but give

24、me another gin.我知道我明天早上会因此而难受，不过，还是再给我来一杯杜松子酒吧。The car suffered severe damage in the accident.汽车在事故中受到严重损坏。If you break the law, you must be prepared to suffer the consequences.如果你犯法，你就要准备为此承担后果。命题方向：suffer直接接宾语与suffer from后接宾语的不同。活学巧练：介/副词填空(1)His grandfather is suffering _ cancer.答案：from汉译英(2)他的健康

25、因过度工作而受到伤害。答案：His health suffers from overwork(3)要细心，否则我们的工作会受损失。答案：Be careful or our work will suffer. 7.available adj.可获得的，可利用的；有效的，有空的精讲拓展：make sth. available to/ for.使可以享受某物，使买得起某物avail vi. & vt.有利，有益；有助；n.效用，帮助，利益avail oneself of利用朗文在线：The lawyer is not available now.律师现在没空。These tickets ar

26、e available on the day of issue only.这些车票仅在发售当天有效。We avail ourselves of this opportunity to express our heartfelt gratitude to you.我们借此机会向你们表示衷心的感谢。朗文在线：Losing my job taught me never to take anything for granted.失业使我认识到决不能认为什么事都是理所当然的。You can't take it for granted that they'll behave themsel

27、ves.你不能想当然地认为他们会检点自己的行为。Take your time, we still have much time available.慢慢来，我们还有很多时间。8.requirev.需要；要求；命令；坚持(多用被动)观察思考It is a matter that requires very careful handling.这件事情需要慎重处理。All passengers are required to show their tickets.所有乘客都必须出示车票。The director required that we should work all night.主任要求我

28、们通宵工作。These books are required reading.这些书是指定读物。What do you require of me?你对我有何要求？归纳拓展require后接从句时，从句中用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可以省略。require sth.(of sb.) 要求某人某事require sb.to do sth.要求某人干某事require that sb.(should) do要求某人干某事Require doing (用主动形式表被动)需要做(或用to be done代替doing)Want doing (用主动形式表被动)需要做(或用to

29、be done代替doing)need doing (用主动形式表被动)需要做(或用to be done代替doing)词语辨析require to do与require doing都表示“需要做某事”，接动词不定式时，句子的主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，接动名词时，句子的主语则是动名词的逻辑宾语。He requires to see my passport.他要看我的护照。The house requires painting.这房子需要油漆。知识拓展requirement n. 要求，必要条件9.earn v. 赚钱，挣得，获得He has earned a lot of money by

30、working in the evenings.他利用晚上工作，已经挣了好多钱。When a student's family is not rich, he has to earn money for part of his college expenses.一个学生家庭如果不富裕，他就得挣钱以支付部分大学费用。The young player earned his place in the team by training hard.这位年轻的选手由于刻苦训练而在队里赢得了一席之地。知识拓展earned income 劳动收入earn one's living 谋生earn

31、 one's own living 自食其力词语辨析win/earn/gain这三个词都有“赢得，得到”的意思，但也有区别：win指(在竞赛、战争、比赛中等)获得胜利，也许因此而得奖；earn指为赚钱或为其他任何报酬而工作或表示为你所做的工作而获得报酬；gain是指获得有用的或期望得到的东西，gain一般不用在与金钱有关的东西上。10.sign1)v. 签字The documents are ready to be signed.这些文件已经准备好可以签字了。He signed the check.他在支票上签了字。2)v. (尤指在足球运动中通过签约)(受)雇佣The local f

32、ootball team has signed a new goalkeeper; he has signed for/with the local team.当地的足球队聘用了一名新的守门员，他已跟这支足球队签了约。The record companies are looking for new groups to sign.唱片公司正在寻找新的乐队来签约。3)n.符号，记号；手势，姿势；标志，标记；迹象，痕迹，征兆Crowns, stars, and stripes are signs of military rank.王冠、星星和杠条是军阶符号。She put her finger to

33、 her lips as a sign to be quiet.她把手放在嘴唇上示意要安静。The economy is showing signs of improvement.经济正在出现好转的迹象。知识拓展sign for 签收sign on 签约受雇，应聘sign out 签名(登记)离开sign up 签约受雇；签名参加Symbol 指符号、象征、标志等。signal指信号、暗号或警告等。Sign 表示“记号、符号”时，同“symbol”。表示“告示、牌示”时，侧重指用图画、文字表达的告示、图示，此外还可以理解为“迹象、征兆”。mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标

34、记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。11.response n.1)回答(与介词to连用)There have been several responses to our advertisement.已经有几个人回复了我们登出的广告。I asked him a question but he made no response.我问了他一个问题可是他没有作出回答。2)应对动作，反应Our call for new suggestions produced very little response.对我们要大家提出新建议的号召，大家没有什么反应。She opened the door

35、in response to the knock.听到敲门声以后，她便打开了门。知识拓展respond v. 回答，反应(与to连用)in response to 对作出反应，回答12.grateful adj. 感激的，表示感谢的be grateful for sth. 因某事而感激be grateful to sb. 对某人表示感激be grateful to do sth. 做了某事而表示感谢I was most grateful to John for his kindness.我非常感谢约翰的好意。I'm grateful that you didn't tell m

36、y husband about it.我感激你没有把这件事告诉我的丈夫。We were grateful to get back on dry land after our rough boat trip.谢天谢地，我们经过颠簸的航行后终于回到了陆地。知识拓展gratefully adv. 感激地ungrateful adj. 不感激的gratefulness n. 感谢，感激他感谢你把书带来了。He _ _ _ you for bringing the book.答案：was grateful to13.volunteer1)n. 志愿者This work costs us nothing;

37、 it's all done by volunteers.这项工作我们没有花钱，它们全是由志愿人员完成的。2)v. 自动提供(服务、帮忙等)；自告奋勇；自愿效劳He volunteered for guard duty.(for)他自告奋勇去站岗。Jenny volunteered to clear up afterwards.(to do)珍妮自愿负责事后的清理打扫工作。3)v. 自动说出(某事)He volunteered a statement to the police.他自动向警方供出了情况。他自愿来充当我们的向导。He_ _ act as our guide.答案：volu

38、nteered to14.approach1)n. 靠近，临近，接近We heard the approach of the train.我们听到火车开过来了。2)n. 通路，入口All approaches to the town are blocked.所有通往城镇的道路都被阻塞了 3)n. 方法，步骤Do you know the best approach to study a foreign language?你知道学习外语的最佳方法吗？4)v. 靠近，走近He approached the bird quietly.他悄悄地走近那只鸟。知识拓展at the approach of

39、在快到的时候make an approach to. 对进行探讨approach to. 接近，近似14.encounter1)v. 遇到，遭遇We encountered a lot of difficulties/opposition.我们遇到了许多困难/反对意见。2)v. 偶然碰到，与邂逅She encountered a friend on the plane.她在飞机上同一位朋友不期而遇。3)n. 突然遇到(意外、危险等)I had a close encounter with a poisonous snake.我曾意外地碰到一条毒蛇，离我非常近。15.profound adj.1

40、)深的，深刻的，深切的，极度的There was a profound silence in the empty church.空无一人的教堂里一片死寂。The incident made a profound impression on me.这次事件给我留下了深刻的印象。2)渊博的；见解深刻的；深奥的a profound thinker 见解深刻的思想家a very profound remark 深奥的话3)深处的in the profound depths of the ocean在大洋深处我应向你深表歉意。I owe you_ _ _.答案：a profound apology重点短

41、语1.take.for granted认为理所当然He takes everything his mother does for him for granted.精讲拓展：take it for granted that.认为理所当然granted/granting that假定；就算grant sb. permission to do准许某人做(某事)grant sb. a request同意某人的请求注意：take it for granted that中it作形式宾语，that从句为真正宾语。类似的还有：see to it that(负责处理)，depend/rely/count on

42、it that指望等。如果that从句换为what从句，则将it去掉，即构成句式take for grantedwhat从句。活学巧练：(1)I_took it for granted_(认为想当然)that you knew how to operate that machine.(2)Granted_(即使)that you have made some progress, you should not be conceited.(3)They_granted_(准许)him permission to go.(4)He _took it for granted_(认为理所当然)what

43、I did for him.2.in response to作为的回应In response to your inquries, we regret to inform you that we can't offer help.精讲拓展：in reply to作为的回应in answer(to)作为回应make no/little/some response没有/很少/有些反应respond to回答，回应be responsible to/for sb./sth.对某人/某事负责bear responsibility for对负有责任take the responsibility f

44、or /of doing sth.负起做某事的责任朗文在线：She opened the door in response to the knock at the door.听到敲门声，她打开了门。Yi Jianlian made no response to the question that reporter asked.易建联对那个记者的问题未作回答。They eagerly responded to the Party's call to work in the border regions.他们积极地响应党的号召，到边疆去工作。活学巧练：(1)The doctor came

45、at once_in answer to_(接到)my phone call.(2)The car_responds well to_(灵敏)the controls.(3)You must make yourself personally_responsible for_(应该)paying these bills.易混辨异answer/reply/respond三者都含有“回答”的意思。(1) answer是常用词，可指“口头，书面”，甚至用“行动”回答。表示“去开门、接电话等”用answer。I knocked the door but no one answered it.我敲了门，但

46、是无人应答。(2)reply比answer正式。reply后接直接宾语、that从句时不加to，其他情况下加to后再接宾语。I sent in my application,and the university replied immediately.我把申请书交上去了，大学方面立即给了答复。(3)respond系正式用语，指“对号召(职责、请求等)作出自发性的适当反应”。The government responded by banning all future demonstrations.政府的反应是今后禁止一切示威活动。3.have an effect on/upon对产生作用，对发生

47、影响精讲拓展：have no/little/much/great effect on/upon对没有/几乎没有/有很大/有重大影响have the effect of产生的结果，作用bring/put sth. into effect 使生效，实行，实施come into effect 生效，开始实施take effect 开始起作用，见效朗文在线：Her parents have a great effect on her. 她的父母对她的影响很大。Her father's criticisms had the effect of discouraging her completel

48、y.她父亲批评的结果是使她完全丧失了信心。New control is to come into effect next month.下月开始实施新的管理措施。The aspirins soon take effect. 阿司匹林药片见效快。活学巧练：单句改错(1)Punishment had very little affect on him.答案：(1)affecteffect改写句子(2)What the teacher said affected me greatly. What the teacher said _.答案：(2)had much effect on me4.take

49、up站好位置以备；拿起；接受；开始；占据（时间、空间等）.,Timoteo takes up his place on the bend and directs the traffic.在路的拐弯处铁穆特欧站好自己的位置，开始指挥来往的车辆。 (回归课本P13) 观察思考The writing of the paper took up the whole morning.写这篇论文用了一个上午的时间。He took up drawing at the age of five.他五岁起开始绘画。Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a

50、 whole week without arguing?一周内不争吵，你敢接受这一挑战吗？归纳拓展take off(飞机)起飞；(事业)成功；脱下(衣物)take on 呈现take over 接管take away 带走；拿走take in 欺骗；吸入take it easy 别着急；慢慢来take your time 慢慢来；不着急5.at one time 同时；(过去)有段时间；曾经；一度When this scheme was introduced, at one time, it was recognized that there might be problems.在这个方案被引

51、进的同时它也被认为可能存在一些问题。At one time, there were long queues of people waiting outside in order to buy food.以前，外边是排成长队等着买食物的人们。知识拓展in a short time 立刻，一会儿ahead of time 提前all the time 始终；老是at any time 随时at a time 一次at times 偶尔；有时in no time 立刻；马上in time 及时；总有一天kill time 消磨时间time after timetime and(time) again

52、 屡次many a time 多次；屡次 6.in particular(particularly)特别，尤其，特殊地I am interested in stories in general, and in detective stories in particular.总的来说，我对小说感兴趣，尤其是对侦探小说。Is there anything in particular you'd like for dinner?正餐你有什么特别喜欢的菜吗？知识拓展be particular to. 对是特有的be particular about. 讲究，挑剔词语辨析particular/s

53、pecial/especial这三个词均可表示“特别的”。particular指从众多的事例中选出一个个别或特殊的。special则侧重专门为某人、某事或某种目的。especial常指有意识地将某物或某事突出到“特别，与众不同”的地位，多用于正式场合。He loves science fiction in particular.他特别喜爱科幻小说。She didn't feel well on that particular evening.就在那天傍晚，她感觉不太舒服。He came to Beijing for a special visit to his friend.他来北京是

54、专门为了看他的朋友。The lecture will be of especial interest to history students.学历史的学生会对这个讲座特别感兴趣。7.on average 平均(或on the/an average)On average, there are two students who fail the English exam every term.平均每学期有两名学生英语考试不及格。Now I receive 10 e­mails a day on(the/an) average.我现在平均每天收到十封电子邮件。知识拓展above/below the average 一般水准以上/下up to the average 达到一般水准the average of. 的平均数average(sth.)out 算出的平均数9.in th