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1、文化知识串讲英L. ksL. GccrtrtiJtdl PufiftJUD.I lkihJtn 0 unISILJUJcuunlry h jn- umlJtl by山r吐a. 1L血ih the N01U1Aihniic Otian off the aorthctMcl ofh d scfunted from the rest Ki-h ImrliLnflxl.TticUflkul SAIIX(urBhiuft und ksPU11) Ol lkul luiur. Lhc LhAcJ KukjjJulD ul GiL IhiluiJULIMuii.aidSrtxLuki i:d nurUurE
2、 ircLinJ.(3Thf pofeka)on ASIIIIKI时Gmn EfriLa: England, Sc:训landml WjJtrs,i 1|匕1汕i、in thr soulhrtm part nr Grrar Main lr is ib亡lar声E叶讯 严屮讪皿swldfl.caliind b in The north M CircoiftuauL cu曰k*uqili,inIIICWHIof Giffll RrUn. Gfiiliih Cmllff.:LNiirllitm lirkmd klhe kwih rtIMthe UKC|iird丽认l-3. Miiiafltiunft
3、 恥山氏Ond 1识恰1 d.H-(JJBMNcvfa聿屈幡所山ItV tlie hliektISILIUJILJIIn A iliijn. ith出IviliiL nt J ,543曲上如i蛇衣見朋新见亚曲最忘斗.術战041 X.(2) PtnrafcThe Pcnjiie. a fangE cfmiinirig from nortli midbrids lo &4fluhbihiiki,墨ULJpriuLULl口忙山匕6 chui Jkd Hbc IfiiijLbuac-DS tag hod*通的 催山嚨“崔费为业祸昱的背懐二BAerIl-INdh已latgesi rnw In t
4、heUTIUDJI密文恆畏英国星怅的桶(4jTh3mei Rrvcr河崖味士河Tht紬:“nd kMssl rivtr沁1 mo俺ii祁的MImer in BHan.塞渚士押Jt英国算二艮祠袒却圧英国最亘要曲4.PnpulaTiiMi.(1 iPnpubfinn OfiErilhiJtrmmdEthnc Gtupi4- JS馬Ffe-iain haq ft prputotoii of abouc 57 mfliiwi*:and iA*ver$ UBvmly)人1井布和邮疑井岸d ul) )vi0d. with 90划T cte into and wly Ifl is -roid真囲人|君右 琢
5、旳万,不歸wThe psp:uihii.H-i of Rttain汩阿adrupnuinfy erf ibe Rnlifth|w前人居柱在脚If 10的人在衣村屏住.Sc血ifih (5 lVSi. *c Wfch临丄rtw ldsb (1I%1 rtw Nnrrhcrfl Trah堇厲朝主碗轄英埔芈人*苏挤首人和成编+-(1.k,JTKIflihtTptfiipii 12畔h扎.險乐 H 人*北舉眾飞人帶乱帼帆恭,The皿业财h闰英国除&先Tbt tru krwwn urtElHt erf ttriun带氐ihe Iba-OAC. Tlw Jncm-nrt试die英EI星早的展民星协
6、比利亚人而英3AKIsigHfeh ur An屯 4 詈ure* 7 he Ctlu tn殴n帕wrrhf曲刨TWIBC Tlw堤则壘健豪善一Fstia人* 31i. uI. MLH英国是一牛到面时釣岛国它也F大西洋応 禺与啟關规的北禅用隠觀蚩*嵐匱的英吉 利榊和購面的北饌与狀科找它邮甘陽开* 门)聂国刃芦汛和十阳卞惡#內诀,$、制扫戈制T瞽是低2隽国的*蛊常萍和齐牛艇井(I)正就客大不顾Ut鲜兰联片壬甘那匕也ft也Eim土河北甥.川北飪扎兰乩戎”巴M:*u倉荊岛卜-舟二亍收谊Hr英需兰.-呷威务土*南部.是面机益k. A口最码窃的出苏格电隹T*不列H爭北S,苜时为羽丁眛 奠京七世于大不酬戴4
7、的西祁-首府詡Mi的丸 麻北苜iff対皿駅社Ktt.Scou. Wckh and Insh bekwig lo Cclu.11. Brrt hKlory*1.Basis of Modern Fxigfch Race: the Afgln-Saxc;In the mid5ci .or three Germanic Tribes2.Vking and Duninh InvnjiiomtThe inzder* were the Nawegiang and (he Die, They auxkcd varknu pls of glandIrum the end cf the K(h centuryKi
8、ng Alicd defeated the Danes and reazbed a frundly agreement wih them)8793.The Norman Conquest (10661The Nirroan Conqucsl of 1066Kperhaps the boU-knewn event in Englvb hktory.WillSm (he Cnftqucror CMtKcaxed almost iD the bnd and gave to hietx cur血I race e Ihuladled iricrmticniiy from BJ7 lo 1451 The
9、cikes of the war oere partlycoriiofil acd panly economic.6.Wantf RmeThe naw Wan of Rose refers (o the hanks bctuccc (he Home tf匕messier,symbolirai by the rad rmc、and llu! d Yort. syniholbo! by the whte, from1455 to I4S,III P* hGoMEUDciugysuinBriUrn u bothapafkametiun detnocrxv aodAcoosututjonal mona
10、rchy.(1)The oftrial hc3 of個c n the Mnrirchy with tnkfticfial and symlx枚powers.(2)Tbc pMornnrai k dx(cd by lhe pwpfc andJUSODSiixarding (o coastmtiOful prnziphGJSimkr RyMcnK nf govcmnwii ire- found ii many former cotones: Auilnha. Canada. New Zcahnd and India.这舸就:刻潮Lm大.新西兰和尔若人开抽耒则英UL苏济兰人.咸尔I:人和爱尔兰人都属
11、J9L尔倚人.II.历史1.现代英国忡朕的呈勺h我格鲁一蒋克逾人5懂紀中斛*.盎儒鲁人和萨克逐人滦到英国 他们HfR耳殳人.2. JtKtW和升*人的入耀这批的入低&是兀賊人和丹麦人,从&it紀未 起,他m攻击英格兰.879年,阳尔耒=临人奇打败了丹炎人,并锂定。1()66年的诺E征服町徒足英国史卜金广为人炖 的字件了 祉段扃械氨没收了跷格會萨克5tK的土地.并将其分发給白己的脳随打这一Hf1别連了英国M范化的进住:4.1215年的大宪卓犬宪章是当吋男龄们为了81止Eii用权力的 一个举播.天宪辛核公认为英国口由的用他这一宪电可以 保讦敎冷的口由、 限制国壬的权力.5.百年战爭
12、1453年的战争.嗚友这场战争6.玫3!战爭玫砂乍指从1455半到1佃年, 以为桑征的兰开斯特大*界和以白孜塊为钦汙的釣克11L玻治1.剜f体制5OKZftBX.乂見肚“朋他国家的言脯羅女王,但她的权袱都分 肚传終门綁魏性的(2)朗是山人民选$产生的.册英副綁 限则统治国*。(3)英醐-唯tm惟田紋危同样的舗,3. PifLinenl3 atfeThe Mncurchy君主Prinury rote ) )tymbnivio (too trade iw ami unty of the Hntiih S(cTheIIMIM:of Sih2)hutRLordsIUCbelow the Grown,
13、and arc usudl) c&lkd peen 泯主下而为上议陆卜仪険虛员朮槻會为贵拡2 they an? ml cfcckxL diQ lire IM carMtJcred to reprcMml aiycoc上议院R员平足选牛产生的.他f只代*门己.thetmeb*.不代茨任何其他人帥和益TheHMISCof Commons imkistry prvvilc 55% i lhe IK demand for fish:国国沧峻为英區人邸类my中的SeMkh pods hnd lhe maprfy of the fish caught.55%:Minin?苏俗兰的港【】是捕鱼最多的
14、港【】(VEftergy production E an inpertant pan of UK ecoaomy采矿业21n the 197% oil and a were dscovcitd wkr the North Sea. nuking UK蒂讯主产处灵国综济中很車要的破分in m erall exporier of energy ncc then.20世圮70年代.英国在北海底下发现了石油和夭怡,沏主要的百油和人MV生产国。2.Second mduuriMNhnuliumg rdintrsNfanutknirrg rdustry has always been important,
15、and it is particular strong ii phMuixeirtrak. chemicakaerwpaceand food and dnnk.3.Tcnnry(l ilkuir luu jccn a rclulKe shrinking of the irxjrlwxc of ccondiry odustiy and a specUcular growth tn teruaiy or service tn大学賞行是由小丸收的何嬪住助的.ohouttull (CMSoccerMM* coloquiall cilledX the most pupuhr epurt in(1)足球在
16、英错兰乃全整个欧拥割很受优迎。它itEmghiM aii wel as ui Europe, 2 is tradiu.)tuil bucne in Eitg Utxl wltere源l兰.从19 U圮卄始发锻起束的wasi developed m (he 19th century.(2CnekM, the mext typical EnglUh of ports.皿been tn exikience since the(2)板球屋赧辄型的英国坯动口从16他紀以求I6thcciminr.就存在了。(3)Akhoili tennisbees played for ccntuiz. tbc aiud
17、crn gallicJ 19 ttitdzK的更恪兰.代今L1肖丿Longnated m England in late 19th. The main toumamcnl is the annual白年了主嬰的比 年一度的跟怖尔必的XMmbkikm fortnight, one of the 4 lk Grand SLun* tuuriutnenu.A9.(4)Thc home of golf is Scotland w here the g/unc has been played、incc the(町岛尔人球起iJ莎梢兰从17世紀起祈一宜I7thcoitur.受人4. The Maha4.奴
18、体(1 Brodcas(mg广鍋BBC Ckh BriMKlcaHltag CurpiMMxm in IV26英BT公吋Tetevsion(2)111%BHC:IMK2ITV Clun*el 4英is广播公同;p台那胎.英mift立电祕台The Prew.报社Dafiv Express口快报)Fmncial Times(金則弭IlieGuirdian(卫知The Titres(娜十扔ThcObsener(脾家鮒(4)NeM s jVgctxrs(4)通讯社The pmctpal news堆enefes arc Raiten(路进扶)founded in 1851 and主耍的15讯林包括威立于
19、1831年、伦based in London, the Press AssocutDO敦朋觎和矣耶 咖会.5. Amhed and Fke bxkgrouod. iter he became James 1 dVI. UkniurcOW昭h Utemire1.2. The An-Stuun Chn)iucle4Middh Enghdi Ltmoc1.Chaucer, the MasterHis tm&iopKceis The Cmitrbury 7bJej(I387).2. Sir Thnnw MoreIfc wroteurcourUblc bouL Ltapta (1516)Hizj
20、belhs Bigkmdl.ShiiwrBVI.文学占英愴文学I. ()Englund h 1仰.(l)Tfa$clunf Lear罗密M;弓久酬叶(159$),(岭姐宙恃(1606). aaAMuJKih.(I6O2. (ft#罗尔BLEH16O6),和左克白人(2)ComeAw(2)喜剧77rr Tavutt the Shkw (1596), A Midunmtr Nigkll Drram (1596), Astm记(15%,倂夏夜之趴(1596),偕Tuu Like It (1599). Twelfth Nig (1600). aid The Tgg (1611)A4:# (1S9Q),
21、第f仪(1600,fu MW(1611)I.ThcKiix Junes Bbk十七世紀J&mc Scnpaao know ib ibe Kng1.国王彌斯圣烂Jamei Rbk (1611). The King Jamn Vision wB) probably never be詹須所命令制译 W 经,H译的圣?Hi称为尽mntchal for mosiy of language.干杰MMSfi (Mix2.氏MirandOchrr Prose2他歌文The Buayi ofFriincn Btcon文(l)The iVuvum 0农onym (I62O written in Lilin
22、, “ts forth a new rnexhex f(DttTifiWtt*出了沖我取知讥術ap(Hva(hii)g kiHiwialgr,*! 7eAw/4Udfm5(l2)(l627)AaMud) r pottica) phiiKophy(2)斯足硏几政沦竹学的.3 John曙Majorthe epic Panuhte Lost (1667). 1$ sequel Paradiv Renamed(1671); and the poetic吨血Saiwm Agonic3.竹国密尔収主Mfl:史删佚乐刊(1667,它楓 集.(如(1671);和诗体悲別力士參4 Iohn(tanyan(l62
23、8S)n 4曲畑(IttMR)Works;O:GgFAhfturd命x s the Chief of SinxmmiMyCity脚The Pilgrimjrum this wridtto Thai Mich b ioLVW(1678)路历程)(1678)m LifeOKJDeath of Ut BaJmax (16S0i恿人先生的生活何死亡)(1680)加网脸r 11682)(1682)iSthOtmoI.Swiftaxl PopeSwiAWbrfcGtt/后存?7rttveiv(l726)2)Popc.woyMC/)Hcnw(l71l)2.Johesfn and ftxwdl(l|SnnMi
24、d JiuvuxiHo补cakd *The greal Cham of lilcnMure:WortsLPJU如i (173紅The YmityafHunum WJin (I74U)ThrPHMFof AbiZMa(Minic (Pio2.約馆逊和胞斯韦尔(1)a*尔釣翰於色被枚为文林汁作品:伦敦(1738),(人类欲2!之族幻(1749)快乐丁子雷斯初斯(1759)苏裕兰育部辭阳瞬记(1775)肖人的生活)(1779-81)尔的紳刖3伯克.伯恩斯克(I)埃85泉伯克董田革仓开始IU他发衣了一离名为“策尺龟的两*T的海诲l2)Bums(2)伯思斯Among lhe most cherished
25、 of his poem* arculhe Cotters Saturday 1最为珍科特的星期ElSight,*Holy Wilhec Prayer.- Fm O Shanter,讥a Moaxe*1and *ToA星威利的酚”臭山待Louse* Among his songf arc Xomm* thro* the Ryv and *AuM Lang旬致虱子二e:色有嬰小心的守21布和Syne”友恆地久大长九(3)Bbkc(3)林克SIESEtprrifnrt;加 iee#超验ZRO:4. Defoe4. ffDcfbc*% trit and grcaicsi novel appeared
26、 in 1719. Thb w Robins笛桶的第一个的小说出现衽1719年:Cnutft. the mo$l famous uk of shipwreck aad soliury survival n alC毎滨孙漂诡记).讲述沉册和叙自存话的erasure.的小说.The Rocnamic Perind浪浸主义时期1. Words* mth and Cdchdge1半&华1S和Wilani WxdKwerth (177(M85O) and Saniud Taybc Coinage wiiKcMR邛卷华斯(17741(50)和劃1尔楓Lyritd BaMlion Wurdzorth
27、(威廉华童华斷RcptcACDlMAC of WocdiwocthF other worktbc tong outobofftphxd华&华期的只他fiiRft代恸i的兄长的n恂poevn rfif PnrfucUwhrh w not pubUhcd until ISS(X and Much Uiitnor他诗序村.它才发董.poevniMHtra/lUp WWand / MbndrrrJ /.iMtrfy如“和丄術跃和 ftrttt 地漫猜ft Jfcir 氢必烈汗)和CfeWW特贝尔(!B)-ron2.幷伦、济歎HMbrgG body of work inckiX the part
28、y autobiographieai Chidea濟伦Htuolai Pfen(rc(1812-18and DnttJutw他大塔的作玄色括辛自伎体的冷罗 3 的韓(2Mats圣(18l2.lt)利(0.(Me co aCirecfin Um* d Pde io a Nggafe.”(2济吏(3)Sbeler(*SSA-Ode to the West Zitxf andoa Sky-lark.n(3)SM (AKrtii和3.Scon.Aa(en. and the Hronces(l)ScottThe bcst-lorcd of h loft$ turrathe poems arc The L
29、ay cf起LOM Mlrusid (1805). Mamion (1808).AiwienShe k aftea caled the hut of the lSdsceetufy novefau. She has devoted sdmircfs of her Sr and SriurArfi/y (!8II PrUe &ev(18l8), amcmj other works(3)Bronte produced Jditr Fs (IR47), in exciting novel rhac M jortly佃obiogr甲The masterpiece of Emily Rew (1
30、818-48),Hv/Mrnrx(IM7). k unlike any other maiar novd in Engbh彩附时代的文学I.HM人如诚(185% Thr .Miff x ikt(1啣祝Silas肘曲(1861) jive (Xpert prmw ofthe wortrg claw aixi (her expenfnees. Mridtn)ifch (1871-72) rraent lhern*km of a young a trapped by3史蹄,舫JI他最受 W 瓷的长蛊叙爭讣是晟廿一位吟矗讣A*和马米建湖(1別0)奥斯丁她鏡常戡稼为十人牡圮的小说孰定的as与WI8II)
31、.做慢与尙见 (1813 , 艾 玛(1816).和 曲臬堂寺(1818),涛受许 多人M.输am写了sh rrm体式的小说。艾 米用勧朗椅的杰介鞘Q呼嗦山它不同 于英nn主垂小说.込血Lierfure1. W(础比和伏繃耐的馳艸保拉 祈唧材生动地栩了工人陂和她们娜 觥咪酚咽 淞了f年您的女就2. Driimdi2则Uuzar關血(1K5&-191)():The Pistes硝奧曲卡怀宋離(IB56- IWOh宙井戡ST的典扯j. Thonnas Hani,i托q廉fft札琢町加DrLrrfwfij7Jff 1,lSyi)B&ndg The Qb it(18961黑恒案抽得腔判
32、!壬帛的奉虫P?0lh Century第:卜世紀1.叶芝SUOKof but bcl rkh wert pubbtued n皿耐1906j :Jb hcol机的 昨野旳时诗蕨在侮唱.叶fowij Dubini Abbe、莒乔肋世工了帶榊林IM吒副隘.2. HTM2.小说(iLhihu Gkwinh) (1跡?已阳)iarwisd lhe血竝1 prize k ISeMuf獻in卩|鬥痢哥缶斯申蔭186MJ1盟 tt 颂jyjitZ皿宋丄学袈“(2lU MJl& duLubmprjpl二丄LL!MZL5 dfuirtora ILK曲車J713Lh(绽徊斯箱!他的自ccwui Hknzdj
33、 hi mxtLzrpix e.U9I51視认为是世的蕊申.(3Uam番口JEC:HL mtroducod -UirllingRCTJIbrns nLn fihe门口vtL He was die13j9i养煲斯:他堆小翟引扎了新的擢式.hril to mi*? majiT u%e of Shram of conwcirUHne粗.慣:叮l H22)丽) )r i他杲弟鼻主驻划二吏识直暑件赢.iTrikin, dd詬kd picoiit af方( (hr齡邺ofBlooni诚.斯展水了耦黒技售利吏普芬咽诂站軒吠的Dcd如s生话汕节闭hr*I屮D. H Lmrmcj:Sons and Luvtry
34、 1 the寸AWu u fte -ii-si and Rfek kldAtbesnui QMUbat mi themiahndTEJSn the kugicM slakvit tlw tuLiuln,何勞肚斯:E儿子WA(1913 WMft自込的生斬是他最好的小检1瑕刷莆在他的作必1人占超人 (巴巴H上校# (皮革马弟1凿)(1913),离立贞郭192巾得于I了很即的体理1.地世L览理也宜郑桂于北美崗巾航北边是加拿大*南11是星 两哥礼蚤的部暫東窩大西将K于洋.及 新上II人的H拉护X和IMK 4 :嗾HI和与离: 阿拉斯朋与加拿大西北靈楼壤,夏屣夷碰十朗1洋中亂2.面耳I矣厲国土両和为舸0
35、万平方矗豊仅嵐刊I毎林 加拿玄和中国,西世界削园*美国是一牛联邦 共和制国亂齢$0林.I彌年,帼耐n和 夏威夷血入釜国,在斯冇时州中.阿拉斯加面租 量大,卵鶴岛州面和轴水但左大關裟川九 克厚斯州是蘭机址人创艸。1 The canal ami mm ciicsWJibD. C.Il is iho capital of ihc naiioii.New&tIt k the largest dry of 1$ sko cJcd the “Kg Apple*1. It is headquarter uf (IKliukd Natiig. WdD Slipdr US. HCQII屮siitn. v
36、d ihriikmitixnl political cxi hiinucG) Chcago(3)芝财Il K he scond hfcsi ciy in the l.S.芝加哥是关国(4) Boston(4)1It is the foundrg tf Ifanard Colkc. the binh of Transccndenuhsm,波1锁是哈W人学刘睦谷的所在地, 冋时也是疋SikonGDevr监主妒生的比方.Im Aieks洛杉仇It is the miAofxrurin ccmcr Ibllyood and DSoeylaod are located洛杉長天国利诜*中心“好菜坞勿迪斯尼
37、乐辰here.18坐落在O.4. Mountim Rivers and Lak饴4.山撫、河沆与湖泊(DTheRxky Mountains(DO liltThe txrkbone of (he cwunenT and av comricrcd yoang mounUms rfW洲犬陆的脊IT,并与欧洲的阿尔卑弄the sani? age as (lie Alp n Europe. Ffaiulayas in Aii and the Ami” m山亚洲的專3拉1!山和谢災的农第繭山耳故South Pmcncan. They include the highest peak. Mount McKm
38、lr). 6,187认为是比较年ttfiib.位fR硕1中部的关国mrters igh. in the middle of lhe Afcki. They arc ako knoun as the鼓髙峰一一高达6187米的麦金利山就是梵中的一Coitincmal Diviie.个奇*I.落棊山81还枝认为見“关洲大陆的分水The VHKspi Rncr蹲.(2)lhe Mississippi RiverThe lowest the most jciponaat river in the US. It has a driiie aru of 3.225,(KXk(fure kiJonKters
39、k h caikd the *Faher of Waters or PldMan RiveT.(3)The Five Grcif LakesThe nxM imponant lakes in the Amencx They are Lake Mehui. Supcnu, Ere Huron and Ontario. Ot the fkc lakes, Lake Superior & thelargest fniih wuer lake m the world ami 1止Michigan a (he cnly nor that b entirely h the US.5.Pupuhuo
40、n(1)The United States of America ranb the th rd m(*t population country in lhe vorkl after China and IDCLLMore (ban 80% of Airwkaiis kve in urban arear(2)lmnnralionThe liniied Jiiares has long been known at a mnnn of immipranw bceaav many cf祜pMpk decidi from cftVn who cime from allover the warkl to
41、make their homes in the ocw land. The first immgoAts in Anwrican hiKtcvy came from Engfand and the Netlicrtinds.some running awa* fmm the OH WocU (Europol lo wck n better lifeThe U.S.A. krKwn as n ,Mclltng Fol* fur JIMniixlurc of naMnwlk牛就氐国的制.ai的纽釣是大的ttiU?也被林作“大苹果:爼 釣足联令国苏.华勺:飯和百老乞麻止地它是 整个耦的錮经济中 S
42、制进业巾心和交硫 创心还軀际政破和叱.(2)密西百比刮密何西比河是犬国最长.的河济.它的渍域而积达J22SOOO平方公風并战冰为河渝之父”和老人科 北灵五人洲北关山丿、胡指豹爬孫$段沽、方必利尔湖 . 伊 利称 休伦湖以及安人繫同, 五大湖中.苏必利尔 湖是世界HJ大的後水潮,密歇哋唯个 全在关国境内的湖泊.5居氏仅次j中匡切印度,芙国乂ttt界上第三介人口大K-8(底以H的矣加人寥生活在城巾,(2)移艮很久以来.矣国部被林为是一个移民国*这是闵为许形芸国人的父苯裕是乩些来口世界各地、到这块十地-程立家园的移尺关国历史上录早 的移尺来白英格兰和荷兰.戶哎是为了SSMtt洲. 寻求更町的生涪是一
43、个-川炉II. Mitfor1. Dscovof ihe New WorMTbc fim Ascm血were血Indnns. In (IKhu 15lh citwy Chris:ojier Cokmbos, anIdian itnigitor. led his men Io sail across the vast ocon n 1492. But be ddn t knoTbe Ud discovered a New ContbeiLIo 162(L 201 of Pignms sailed to (be New World in a ship cakd Mayflower. Theyarr
44、ived at Plymouth and beik the Plymouth colony.2. TheoflndcpxdccccThe Dabiatkxi of IndrpenJaice was drafted by Thomas Jeffenon. On July 77&the Congress Mopttd the dcclamcQ. The Dwtrsboc s a clur rxianatMxi of thepo&bal thoory behind the revolilioo and tiiktteory cune from the Brtish phibopher
45、 John LockeThe foi un amendments to the U S CnnMtutnn, wtweh was calhl the Dill of砂tsadopccd in 1791 which promise io prowl hdhidualsvr那.ITheChi War (1861-18651Wbea Axaham Lmcoh was ckclcd PresdefK, the southmi stales broke away andfdmed a new aition.4. The Gml Dqxctiiofi and the New OralThe fir、:ec
46、onomy bbw hpened (o the slcvk market on October 24. 1929. TheMock market crash the beginnng of long gooomic deprrswain the late 1920s and1930K.In 1932 in the depth of (he depnmmn,【he Anierrwi pcoph cb*e Frunklin D.Roo$cvdl as their ncx( praident who prooiid aFe deaf toed Anerrj oulofthedepressmn.III
47、. Potak%III畋的1 .Tlie Gnmimitol.M(1 )TIKCiMiMKuliDt) a official pul into effect n 17的.I7B9苓宪滚正式生效.(2)Thc CoH(tu(bn proxxlod (hai an血rnn of lhe prv%i(fan(woukl be(2)宪龙规定了e统创Ji舉办加即tv.汕权皿由calledfecferjil iawi would he nude only by a CongixM% nude up of ihe众図辰与參议院忸城的出会旬仏収KJ R高沈fiooM ex ReprcctiutAacs &am
48、p;nd the Senate and a Supn?mc Court利ould be段.*cl up.(3)宪広有27条怆正宣(JIPMCBTO27 intcndincfitM tu the GxniiuMiM.2. Tlie liner bfju)che of lhe fakial government2.RM6W的二个分支(hLchme branch()立unThe kgklnlivc corwfetw of a Cbngrcin that b divided into (he Ibmc of立ttfcM丿由众议Biifildl的国会.RcprcwnuuhcsIMMI the Senat
49、e.众仪屣Theof RcpncKOitDlnTs&KR由35名江者姐城1议员任朗为曲年.It comprises 435 hwmikce who wrve two-year tcrau.簽鱼院2/Tbc SenateItcomprNCs 10() kra nukcrc who icrrcMyemtenm.(2) EUCUATbrine h行政龍门(iThc chvf executive the presdenu who s ctocud to a four-yea lexHL載t7RR J6ttt总统任期为四年.(2A pretiient can be elected lo only
50、 two temu according to tn nmendment根廉1951年il过的曲22条修止条.总磁迩任不IL历史1发跚大陆毎離在删的曲脱人15世児轧負人 卅話家支里靳扌班馳布带领那淳过熾来 列北制.也彷时亦不碰n己姒了-个轟 大航1620 %唳歸 統 免T五肮号未 到美湍也 仙4达了普觞蜕井的了酿九2独谜争7加日牺会说酬淮立宣訓好地斛了 这场输宵后的如f毗而这耳论娥干英30 ft学家洛克.宪法的前十条蜂止系鶴称为人权法案 石在保护个人洲.3.倉北战9林俗当量为曲Z启二出 丄:汕I以此为由 走出联开.井建立了南部同S3与此同时.林骨 下定决心妥梢持联邦.所以在1861年4月12 B
51、iMtOO.在倉北事中,林腔吿了若名的(WMK人蚁 袁宜熬联邦军从在茁底斯倦击垮了同皙军.这场曲仪也成为了关国林t战7戒转折贞.1929年10月24日萸BIIMJjF跌并贈贏这凝 与20年代末和30年代烂济箫棊的开始,1932年, 处于径济危机中的犬国人推选2艺克 林罗劇穩为总枝.罗和上瓯柿了做 以it来ou nm机.pcrcd m 1951.(3)Judko bnnchThe Ncial b headed by the Supreme OWLwbichconpoed of 1 elnef joniceand XatiiKuie judges.冯超过内IL司法部门最髙法尿是最鳥司on;由一名首
52、睛法官与八名i.Polficd panics(1) The Democrats palyIt evolved out of Thomas JdTeaon party and was formed before IXOQ Itthought Io he marc Bxnl.(2) The lUpubfican pyh w foaixd b lhe 1 SSOs by peoptothe RUtci of *e North ad WtotIt k bcXcd to be more cotKcn aiive1民主党民主党是从桃逊圧1X00年削或*射免 浪变向来的,尺众认为民主党更为开明.共和艾與和立
53、成立十19世児年代:由北褐和州 的玫客址戌民众认白共和立更为保守.IV经济1农业农亚及K相关产犬IH登济的碁础.在犬国的 国民生产总借中占握根大的比例.(Gross Naiunal Product) ilun any other endeavor.(l) Amcrki produces朋much卜half of (he worlds U-beam and ccm fir gruin,jnd from 10 lo 25% of b cotton, wheal. tobaccoxl vcgeUtbL ofc(25e third d the cropland in Amerta s planted
54、in crops destiwd for cptvhAgrrultunl exponx iirpttsx impms a k)i, kiniig a surplus in the agriculturalbalance of hade2ndustty(l) The American indiistty k characterized by a hig high degree of monofx%Many of lhe naiwns Imic indiMncfi arc repasented by only afew mapf corporalons(2)The tQstimwaal struc
55、tures of govemmeat aad business have alsopwnly cimiriiuicd(o lhe deeiopncni of is economy. Iiisscz-fanv is anluportaot ubULutixul helotV CuiureY文化I.Reiigioel宗教信仰Tbc Dcchration of Independence guaranteed boiic righr of regions(歿立宜言保障人们享有宗教何仰自由该一基frccdocr. The Bill of Rights in lhe US Constiuomuigis t
56、he oldestnational park in the world and the largest wildlife preserve m the USA.(2)Nuara FallsFanxMis falbi in North America. 1.24() mciB wide, the drop axemges 49 metE(3)The Grand CanyonThe Grand Canyon in nortli-wcst .Arizona k one of the nature s most impressive Tighes(4)ChimtownAs area n a ciy w
57、here many Chmesc people live aid where are Chinese shops, restaurants and clubii;two imponanl Chinatowns New York(巧aridSan Francisco.3. Sports3体肖迖型Spectator spore refer to the spons in which are competitive struggles现赏性怀育正幼指的是吸引人群为格子钟爱的队which driw huge ernwds Io chcvr their favorite team io victor);
58、like伍助戒的比赛运动.如赛马.孕击等等.hiMxcracingand boxing休育运动描的足没右同定的观众,只在伸Parti:ipdfM spirts hac no fixed spccuiu and draw 4 crowd of onbokerN殊场合才仝吸引观众前来助威的体伴运动,比刻only on special occasions, such as loumsmenu.裡梆标赛用。(1) The American Football(|)績榄球Super Bowl is the final match of profzioiul AmcrEan Football越後杯赛是芙国职
59、业的决赛,讯定年哎compdtM)mtwhch decido thcchainpkm leam for Hie year.撤检球鬼军Baseball(2) E球The oldest spon tn the US, odablKhed b IXxiblcday n IX3X弟球是关田藪占老的体育迄动1838年由道布尔The regular season begins ai the* beginning of Apr! and ends in October.皴所发展丽来。Dasketbdlo#从乙月份开始.Jiion份姑束.James Naismih. a physical education
60、caichcf in Massxhusctts. crcaicd篮球basketball m 1891 to provide an indoor sports actwily during winter包姒期史密斯,马萨诸塞卅的一名体合教叩,when outdoor playing feHs cmikl not be used.于1891年发明了?5球: 当时主要日的是为了当户 外运动场由十大气原因而不能便用对可以进行峯 内体育远动。4. Massmedu4.人众传奴(l Nempdper(1戚抚The WnD Street Journal华尔wniRUSATjday(今OSJThe New York Times(纽的时报bLoft Angela T onesWashirgton Rost华盛報邮愼(2(2傢土Readers Digestie-文摘卩
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