TEM8-2015专业八级真题与参考答案

1、TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2015)GRADEEIGHTTIMELIMIT：195MINPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(35MIN)SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lectureYouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpointsYournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-l

2、ectureWhenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE,usingnomorethanthreewordsineachgapMakesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptableYoumayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetaskUsetheblanksh

3、eetfornote-takingNow,listentothemini-lectureUnderstandingAcademicLecturesListeningtoacademiclecturesisanimportanttaskfrouniversitystudents.Then,howcanwecomprehendalectureefficiently?I.Understandall(1)A. wordsB. (2)-stress-intonation-(3)II. AddinginformationA. lecturers:sharinginformationwithaudience

4、B. listeners:(4)C. sourcesofinformation-knowledgeof(5)-(6)oftheworldD. listeninginvolvingthreesteps:-hearing-(7)-addingIII. (8)A. reasons:-overcomenoise-savetimeB. (9)-content-organizationIV. EvaluatingwhilelisteningA. helpstodecidethe(10)ofnotesB. helpstorememberinformationSECTIONBINTERVIEWInthisse

5、ctionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.ListencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollowMarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWOQuestions1to5arebasedonaninterviewAttheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestionsNowlistentotheinterview1. Theresathinksthatthepres

6、entgovernmentis.A doingwhattheyhavepromisedtoschoolsB creatingopportunitiesforleadinguniversitiesC consideringremovingbarriersforstateschoolpupilsD reducingopportunitiesforstateschoolpupils2. WhatdoesTheresaseeasaprobleminsecondaryschoolsnow?A Universitiesarenotworkinghardtoacceptstateschoolpupils.B

7、 ThenumberofstatepupilsapplyingtoOxfordfailstoincrease.C Thegovernmenthasloweredstatepupilsexpectations.D Leadinguniversitiesarerejectingstateschoolpupils.3. InTheresasview,schoolfreedeoamnsmthatschoolsshould.A begivenmorefundingfromeducationauthoritiesB begivenallthemoneyanddecidehowtospenditC begr

8、antedgreaterpowertorunthemselvesD begivenmoreopportunitiesandchoices4. AccordingtoTheresa,whodecidesordecidemoneyforschoolsatthepresent?A Localeducationauthoritiesandthecentralgovernment.B Localeducationauthoritiesandsecondaryschoolstogether.C Localeducationauthoritiesonly.D Thecentralgovernmentonly

9、.5. Throughoutthetalk,theinterviewerdoesallthefollowingEXCEPT.A askingforclarificationB challengingtheintervieweeC supportingtheintervieweeD initiatingtopicsSECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLYListencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollowMarkthebestanswertoeachquestio

10、nonANSWERSHEETTWOQuestions6and7arebasedonthefollowingnews,Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestionsNowlistentothenewsNewsItem16. Whatisthemainideaofthenewsitem?A FewerpeoplewatchTVonceaweek.B SmartphonesandtabletshavereplacedTV.C Newtechnologyhasledtomorefamilytime.D BiggerTV

11、setshaveattractedmorepeople.NewsItem27. Howmanylawmakersvotedforthemarijuanalegalizationbill?A50.B12.C46.D18.8. Thepassingofthebillmeansthatmarijuanacanbe.A boughtbypeopleunder18B madeavailabletodrugaddictsC providedbythegovernmentD boughtindrugstoresNewsItem39. Whatdidthereviewofglobaldatareveal?AD

12、iarrheaisacommondisease.BGoodsanitationledtoincreaseinheight.CThereweremanyproblemsofpoorsanitation.DAfricanchildrenliveinworsesanitaryconditions.10. ThepurposeofDr.AlanDangoursstudywasmostlikelytoA examinelinksbetweensanitationanddeathfromillnessB lookintofactorsaffectingthegrowthofchildrenC invest

13、igatehowtotacklesymptomslikediarrheaD reviewandcompareconditionsindifferentcountriesPARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWOTEXTAIn2011,manyshopperschose

14、toavoidthefranticcrowdsanddotheirholidayshoppingfromthecomfortoftheircomputer.Salesatonlineretailersgainedbymorethan15%,makingitthebiggestseasonever.Butpeoplearealsoreturningthosepurchasesatrecordrates,up8%fromlastyear.Whatwentwrong?Isthelingeringshadowoftheglobalfinancialcrisismakingithardertoaccep

15、textravagantindulgences?Orthatpeopleshopmoreimpulsively-andthereforemakebaddecisions-whenonline?Bothargumentsareplausible.However,thereisathirdfactor:aquestionoftouch.Wecanlovethelookbut,inanonlineenvironment,wecannotfeelthequalityofatexture,theshapeofthefit,thefallofafoldor,forthatmatter,theweighto

16、fanearring.Andphysicallyinteractingwithanobjectmakesyoumorecommitted.WhenmymostrecentbookBrandwashedwasreleased,Iteamedupwithalocalbookstoretoconductanexperimentaboutthedifferencesbetweentheonlineandofflineshoppingexperience.Icarefullyinstructedagroupofvolunteerstopromotemybookintwodifferentways.The

17、firstwasafairlyhands-offapproach.Wheneveracustomerwouldinquireaboutmybook,thevolunteerwouldtakethemovertotheshelfandpointtoit.Outof20suchrequests,sixcustomersproceededwiththepurchase.Thesecondoptionalsoinvolvedgoingovertotheshelfbut,thistime,removingthebookandthensubtlyholdingontoitforjustanextramom

18、entbeforeplacingitinthecustomer'shands.Ofthe20peoplewhowerehandedthebook.13endedupbuyingit.Justphysicallypassingthebookshowedabigdifferenceinsales.Why?Wefeelsomethingsimilartoasenseofownershipwhenweholdthingsinourhand.That'swhyweestablishorreestablishconnectionbygreetingstrangersandfriendswi

19、thahandshake.Inthiscase,havingtothenletgoofthebookafterholdingitmightgenerateasubtlesenseofloss,andmotivateustomakethepurchaseevenmore.Arecentstudyalsorevealedthepoweroftouch,inthiscasewhenitcametoconventionalmail.Adeeperandlonger-lastingimpressionofamessagewasformedwhendeliveredinaletter,asopposedt

20、oreceivingthesamemessageonline.Brainimagingshowedthat,ontouchingthepaper,theemotionalcenterofthebrainwasactivated,thusformingastrongerbond.Thestudyalsoindicatedthatoncetouchbecomespartoftheprocess,itcouldtranslateintoasenseofpossession.Thissenseofownershipissimplynotpartoftheequationintheonlineshopp

21、ingexperience.Astheritualsofpurchaseinthelead-uptoChristmaschange,notonlydowegivelessthoughttothetypeofgiftswebuyforourlovedonesbut,throughourowndigitalwishlists,weincreasinglycontrolwhattheybuyforus.Thereality,however,isthatnomatterhowconvincedweallarethatdigitalisthewaytogo,findingrealsatisfaction

22、willprobablytakemorethanafewsimpleclicks.11. Accordingtotheauthor,shoppersarereturningtheirpurchasesforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat.AtheyareunsatisfiedwiththequalityofthepurchaseBtheyeventuallyfindthepurchasetooexpensiveCtheychangetheirmindoutofuncertaintyDtheyregretmakingthepurchasewithoutforet

23、hought12. Whatisthepurposeoftheexperimentinthebookstore?A Toseewhichpromotionmethodispreferredbycustomers.BTofindoutthestrengthsandweaknessesofbothmethods.C Totrytosetupanewretailer-customerrelationship.D Toseetheeffectofanapproachoncustomers'decisions.13. WhydoestheauthorcitethestudybyBangorUni

24、versityandtheRoyalMailService?ATocomparesimilarresponsesindifferentsettings.B Toprovidefurtherevidenceforhisownobservation.C Toofferascientificaccountofthebrain'sfunctions.D Todescribeemotionalresponsesinonlineshopping.14. Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?ARealsatisfactiondependsonfactorsot

25、herthanthecomputer.B Despiteonlineshoppingwestillattachimportancetogiftbuying.C Somepeoplearestilluncertainaboutthedigitalage.D Onlineshoppingoffersrealsatisfactiontoshoppers.TextBMyprofessorbrotherandIhaveanargumentaboutheadandheartaboutwhetherheovervaluesIQwhileIlearnmoretowardEQ.Wetypicallyhaveth

26、isdebateaboutpeoplecanwebefriendswithareallysmartjerk（怪物）?buttherescorollarytoanimalsaswell.Idloveitifourdogcouldfetchthemorningpaperandthenreadittomeovercoffee,butIactuallycaremuchmoreaboutherloyalandinnocentheart.Theresalreadyenoughthinkinggoingonisourhouse,andweprobablyspendtoomuchtimeinourheads,

27、whereweneedsomerolemodelingisininstinct,andthatswhereadogisarovingrevelation.Ididnotgrowupwithdogs,whichmeantthatmyolderdaughtersrespectfulbutunyieldingdeterminationtogetonerequiredsomeadjustmentonmypart.Ioftenfeltshewastrainingme:fromagesof6to9,shegentlyschooledmeinvariousbreedsandtheirpersonalitie

28、s,whisperedtothedogsweencounteredsotheywouldcharmandpersuademe,demonstratedbyherself-displinethatshewasreadyfortheresponsibility.AndthuscameourdogTwist,whomIsometimesmistakeforathirddaughter.AtfirstIthoughtthechallengewouldbetotrainhertosit,toheel,towalkcalmlybesideusandnotgowildlychasingtheneighbou

29、rhoodrabbits.ButIsoondiscoveredhowmuchmorewehadtolearnfromherthanshefromus.Ifitistrue,forexample,thatthesecrettoachildssuccessislessraregeniusthanrawpersistence,Twistsabilitytostayontaskisamodelforusall,especiallyifthetaskistryingtocapturethesunbeamthatflicksaroundthelivingroomasthewindblowsthrought

30、hebranchesoutside.Sheneversucceeds,andshenevergivesup.Thisincludeswhensherunssquareintowalls.Thenthereisherunfailingpatience,whichbreaksdownonlywhenshesensesthatdinnertimewas15minutesagoandwehavesomehowfailedtonotice.Eventhensheismoreeagerthanindignant,andherrefusaltowhineshowsarestraintofwhichImnot

31、alwayscapablewhenhungry.ButthelessonIvaluemostistheoneinforgiveness,andTwistfirstofferedthiswhenshewasstillveryyoung.Whenshewasabout7monthsold,wetookhertothevettobesprayed（切除卵巢）.Weturnedherovertoastranger,whoprocceededtoperformaprocedurethatwasprobablynotpleasant,Butwhenthevetreturnedhertous,limpand

32、tender,therewasnorecrimination（反责），nohowcouldyoudothattome?Itwasasthoughshereallyknewthatwecouldnotintentionallycauseherpain,andwhileshedidnotunderstand,sheforgaveandcurledupwithherheadonmydaughterslap.Isupposewecouldhaveconcludedthatshewasjustblindlyloyalanddocile.Buteventuallyweknewbetter.Sheisent

33、irelycapableofdisobedience,asshehasprovedmanytimes.Shewillignoreuswhentherearemoreinterestingthingstolookat,rebukeuswhenwearecareless,barkintothetwilightwhenshehasurgentmessagestosend.Butherpatiencewithourfailingsandfricklenessandherwillingnesstogiveusascondchanceareadailylessoningratitude.Myfriends

34、whogrewupwithdogstellmehowwhentheywereteenagersandtrustednooneintheworld,theycouldtelltheirdogalltheirsecrets.Itwastheonefriendwhowouldnotgossiporbetray,couldprovideinthemiddleofthenightthesoft,unbegrudgingcomfortandpeacethatadolescenceconspirestodisrupt.Anagethatisallaboutgrowthandriskneedssomeanch

35、orsandweigths,amodelofsteadfastnesswhenallelseisinflux.SometimesIthinkTwistsdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentlash,onethathangsquietlyattheirsideastheytrotalongbutoccasionallyyanksthembacktosafetyandsolidground.Weveweighedsomanydecisionssocarefullyinraisingourdaughterswhatschooltosendthemtoandwhatchu

36、rchtoattend,whentogivethemcellphonesandwithwhatprecautions.Butwhenitcomestowhatreallyshapestheircharacterandbindsourfamily,Ineverwouldhavethoughtwewouldowesomuchtoitssmallestmember.15. Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat.AapersoncaneitherhaveahighIQoralowEQBherprofessorbrothercarestoomuchabout

37、IQCweneedexamplesofhowtofollowone'sheartDsheprefersdogsthatarecleverandloyal16. Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingareTwist'scharacteristicsEXCEPT.AresignationBpatienceCforgivenessDtenacity17. Accordingtothecontext,themeaningoftheword"square"isclosestto.AfastBblindlyCstraightDstu

38、bbornly18. ThatTwist'sdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleashmeansthat.ATwistiscapableoflookingafterthegirlsBTwistandthegirlshavebecomefriendsCTwistknowshowtofollowthegirlsDTwist'sloyaltyhelpsthegirlsgrowup19. Whatdoestheauthortrytoexpressinthelastparagraph?ADifficultiesinraisingherchildren.B

39、Worriesaboutwhattobuyforkids.CGratitudetoTwistforherrole.DConcernsaboutschoolingandreligion.TextCMostWestAfricanlorriesatenotinwhatonewouldcallthefirstflushofyouth,andIhadlearntbybitterexperiencenottoexpectanythingverymuchofthem.ButthelorrythatarrivedtotakemeuptothemountainswasworsethananythingIhads

40、eenbefore:ittotteredonthebordersofseniledecay.Itstoodthereonbuckledwheels,wheezingandgaspingwithexhaustionfromhavingtoclimbupthegentleslopetothecamp,andIconsignedmyselfandmyloadstoitwithsometrepidation.Thedriver,whowasacheerfulfellow,pointedoutthathewouldrequiremyassistanceintwoverynecessaryoperatio

41、ns:first,Ihadtokeepthehandbrakepresseddownwhentravellingdownhill,forunlessitwasheldthusalmostlevelwiththeflooritsullenlyrefusedtofunction.Secondly,Ihadtokeepasterneyeontheclutch,awilfulpieceofmechanism,thatseizedeverychancetoleapoutofitssocketwithanoiselikeastranglingleopard.Asitwasobviousthatnoteve

42、naWestAfricanlorrydrivercouldbesuccessfulindrivingwhilecrouchedunderthedashboardinapre-natalposition,IhadtotakeovercontroloftheseinstrumentsifIvaluedmylife.So,whileIduckedatintervalstoputonthebrake,amidtherichsmellofburningrubber,ournoblelorryjerkeditswaytowardsthemountainsatasteadytwentymilesperhou

43、r;sometimes,whenadownwardslopefavouredit,itthrewcautiontothewindsandcareeredalonginamadcapfashionattwenty-five.Forthefirstthirtymilestheredearthroadwounditswaythroughthelowlandforest,thegianttreesstandinginsolidranksalongsideandtheirbranchesentwinedinanarchwayofleavesaboveus.Flocksofhornbillsflapped

44、acrosstheroad,honkingliketheghostsofancienttaxis,andonthebanks,drapeddecorativelyinthepatchesofsunlight,theagamalizardslay,blushingintosunsetcolouringwithexcitementandnoddingtheirheadsfuriously.Slowlyandalmostimperceptiblytheroadstartedtoclimbupwards,loopingitswayinlanguidcurvesroundtheforestedhills

45、.Inthebackofthelorrytheboyslifteduptheirvoicesinsong:Homeagain,homeagain,WhenshallIseemahome?WhenshallIseemamammy?I'llneverforgetmahome.Thedriverhummedtherefrainsoftlytohimself,glancingatmetoseeifIwouldobject.TohissurpriseIjoinedin,andsowhilethelorryrolledonwardstrailingaswirlingtailofreddustbeh

46、indit,theboysinthebackmaintainedthechoruswhilethedriverandIharmonizedandsangcomplicatedtwiddlybits,andthedriverplayedastaccatoaccompanimentonthehorn.Breaksintheforestbecamemorefrequentthehigherweclimbed,andpresentlyanewtypeofundergrowthbegantoappear:massivetree-fernsstandinginconspiratorialgroupsatt

47、heroadsideontheirthick,squat,andhairytrunks,thefrondsofleavessproutingfromthetopslikedelicategreenfountains.Thesefernsweretheguardiansofanewworld,forsuddenly,asthoughthehillshadshruggedthemselvesfreeofcloak,theforestdisappeared.Itlaybehindusinthevalley,athickpeltofgreenundulatingawayintotheheat-shim

48、mereddistance,whileaboveusthehillsiderosemajestically,coveredinacoatofrippling,waist-highgrass,bleachedgoldenbythesun.Thelorrycrepthigherandhigher,theenginegaspingandshudderingwiththisunaccustomedactivity.Ibegantothinkthatweshouldhavetopushthewretchedthingupthelasttwoorthreehundredfeet,buttoeveryone

49、'ssurprisewemadeit,andthelorrycreptontothebrowofthehill,tremblingwithfatigue,spoutingsteamfromitsradiatorlikeadyingwhale.Wecrawledtoastandstillandthedriverswitchedofftheengine.“Wemustwaitsmall-time,enginegethot,heexplained,pointingtotheforequartersofthelorry,whichwerebynowcompletelyinvisibleunde

50、racloudofsteam.ThankfullyIdescendedfromthered-hotinsideofthecabandstrolleddowntowheretheroaddippedintothenextvalley.FromthisvantagepointIcouldseethecountrywehadtravelledthroughandthecountrywewereabouttoenter.20. Thatittotteredonthebordersofseniledecaymeansthatthelorrywas.abouttobreakdownaveryoldvehi

51、cleunabletotravelthedistanceDadangerousvehicleWhichofthefollowingwordsinthefirstparagraphisusedliterally?Flush.Borders.Operations.Gasping.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthorregardstheinadequaciesofthelorryasA inevitableandamusingB .dangerousandfrighteningC novelandunexpectedD welcomeandinteres

52、ting23. AllthefollowingwordsinthelastbutoneparagraphdescribethelorryasahumanEXCEPT.tremblingspoutingshudderingcrept24. Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorwas.boredbytheappearanceofthegrasslandsaheadreluctanttodoanywalkinginsohotaclimateunfriendlytowardsthelocaldriverandboysalittlesurprisedtohaveto

53、helpdrivethelorry25. Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe.AjourneythatscaredmeAjourneytorememberThewildWestAfricanlorryAcomicjourneyinWestAfricaTextDHaveyouevernoticedacertainsimilarityinpublicparksandbackgardensinthecitiesoftheWest?AubiquitouswoodlandmixoflawngrassesandtreeshasfounditswaythroughoutEu

54、ropeandtheUnitedStates,anditsnowspreadtoothercitiesaroundtheworld.AsecologistPeterGroffmanhasnoted,it'sincreasinglydifficulttotellonesuburbapartfromanother,evenwhenthey'relocatedinvastlydifferentclimatessuchasPhoenix,Arizona,orBostoninthemuchchilliernorth-eastoftheUS.AndwhydoparksinNewZealan

55、doftenfeaturethesamespeciesoftreesthatgrowontheothersideoftheworldintheUK?InspiredbytheEnglishandNewEnglandcountrysides,earlylandscapearchitectsofthe19thCenturysuchasAndrewJacksonDowningandFrederickLawOlmsteadcreatedanaestheticforurbanpublicandprivateopenspacethatpersiststothisday.Butinthe21stCentur

56、y,urbangreenspaceistaskedwithdoingfarmorethansimplyprovidingaestheticappeal.Fromnaturalsystemstodealwithsurfacewaterrun-offandpollutiontogreencorridorstoincreasinginterestinurbanfoodproduction,theurbanparksofthefuturewillbedesignedandengineeredforfunctionalityaswellasforbeauty.Imaginetravellingamong

57、thecitiesofthemid-21stCenturyandfindingauniquesetofurbanlandscapesthatcapturelocalbeauty,naturalandculturalhistory,andtheenvironmentalcontext.Theyaretunedtotheirlocality,anddiversewithinaswellasacrosscities.Therearepatchesthatprovideshadeandcooling,placesoflocalfoodproduction,andcorridorsthatconnect

58、bothresidentsandwildlifetothesurroundingnativeenvironment.Theirfunctionsaremeasuredandmonitoredtomeettheuniqueneedsofeachcityforfoodproduction,wateruse,nutrientrecycling,andhabitat.Notwogreenspacesarequitethesame.Plannersarealreadystartingtoworktowardsthisvision.Andifthismovementhasabuzzworditis“hyperfunctionality-designswhichprovidemultipleusesinaconfinedspace,andatermcoinedbyRichardPouyatoftheUSForestService.Atthemoment,urbanlandscapesarehighlyman