unit3必修三语法综述

1、Name Class Number必修三 Unit3名词性从句-宾语从句和表语从句导学案学习目标【Learning goals1学习宾语从句和表语从句的基本知识。2掌握及运用引导宾语从句和表语从句的连接词、连接代词和连接副词的基本用法。第一部分宾语从句一、宾语从句的定义。宾语(object):句中受动词或者介词支配的部分叫做宾语。请找出下 列句子的宾语。1. He is fond of rock music.此句的宾语是 rock music,是名 词作为宾语。2. None of us likes him.此句的宾语是 是 词作为宾语。3. If you add 5 to 5, you ge

2、t 10.此句的宾语是 是 词作为宾语。4. We should help the poor.此句的宾语是 是:同作为宾语。5. Does she really want to leave home?句的宾语是 是作为宾语。6. We do not allow smoking in the kitchen.此句的宾语是 是 词作为宾语。7. . Do you understand what I mean?你明白我的意思吗？此句的宾语是是作为宾语.8. He told me that he would go to the college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学.此句的直

3、接宾语是星作为宾语。归纳：1.能作为宾语的有：1)洛词2).类似名词的代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、句子。2.宾语从句：在复合句中作主句宾语的句子叫宾语从句。二、宾语从句的引导词。1 .)连接词主要有that, if, whether其中that无词义，不充当句子成分。if/whether有的意义，也不充当句子成分。2 .)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,有词义，在从句中充当句子的成分。3 .)连接副词when,where,why, how等，有词义，在从句中充当句子的成分。1 .连接词that引导的宾语从句。We all expect (that )

4、 they will win, for members of their team are stronger.此句的引导词是 2宾语是翻译：He told us (that) they would help us through the whole work.此句的引导词是 2宾语是翻译：归纳：连接词that引导表示(陈述句/疑问句)的宾语从句，在很多动词 如 say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel动词后。that 只起连接作用, 在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下

5、还是以 不省为好，特别是在书面语中。注意：但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that不能省略。如：My uncle said that he would come and that he would also bring his son.此八中哪一个that可以省？哪一个不可以？ 翻译：2 .连接词if和whether引导的宾语从句。1) whether.or nofH导表示 是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。 Whether, if在从句中不做句 子的成分，一般情况下，whethe附if可以替换。(1) I don ' t know

6、 if there will be a bus any more.此句的引导词是 2宾语是翻译：(2) Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.此句的引导词是 2宾语是翻译：2)注意：以下三种情况只能用whether:(1) 在不定式前： Whether to go there or not has' been decided.(2) 在介词后：It depends on whether it is going to rain.(3) 与 or not 连用：I wonder whether or not he has arrived at

7、 the destination.3)请判断以下句子用if还是whether,还是两者都能用。(1) I don ' t know the movie star will come or not.(2) I don ' t know he will come tomorrow.(3) Everything depends on we have enough money(4) The teacher asked we had finished the experiment.(5) to go there or not hasn ' t been decided.3. 连接

8、代词 主要有 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等。各有自己的意义，在从句中充当句子的成分。例如：1) Do you know who has won Red Alert game?此句的宾语是引导词是,在从句中作。翻译：2) The book will show you what the best CEO should know.此句的宾语是引导词是,在从句中作。翻译：3) The teacher asked the new students which class h

9、e was in.此句的宾语是引导词是,在从句中作。翻译：4. 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,howev掰.在从句中充当句子的成分，各有自己的意义。例如：1) He didn ' t tell me when we should meet again.此句的宾语是引导词是,在从句中作。翻译：2) Could you please tell me how you use the new panel此句的宾语是引导词是,在从句中作。翻译：3) None of us knows where these new parts can be

10、 bought.此句的宾语是引导词是,在从句中作。翻译：三.语序：宾语从句的语序必须是 陈述语序,即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例：1) I believe that they will come soon.2) He asked me whether I was a teacher.四.时态1 .宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，即：1)主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况可用任何一种时态；2)主句是一般过去时，从句用相应的过去的某种时态。例 ：(1)She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.(2)She says

11、 that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.(3)She says that she has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.(4)She says that she can sing a song in English.She said that she could sing a song in English.2 .如果宾语从句说的是客

12、观真理、自然现象或事实时，不管主句用什么时态，宾语从句都要用一般现在时态。例：(1)The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.(2)He told me that Japan is an island country.注意：Could you tell me是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum?五.人称1由直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意人称的变化。例：(1)She said: "I have been

13、to England before'.She said that she had been to England before.(2)She asked me: "Do you like maths?”She asked me if I liked maths.2.宾语从句与简单句的交换。由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。例：(1)I don ' t know what I should do neXtdon' t know what to do next.(2)He di

14、dn，t know where he would live.六.如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置.例如:You may think it strange that he would live there宾语从句练习题I 从下列A 、 B、 C、 D 中选择一个正确选项填空。（） 1. I don't know he will come tomorrow. he comes, I'll tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If（） 2. I don't kn

15、ow the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come（） 3. Could you tell me the nearest hospital is?A. whatB. howC. whether D. where（） 4. Could you tell me the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. wha

16、t he mended （） 5. I want to know .A. whom is she looking afterB. whom she is lookingC. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after（） 6. Do you know where now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live（） 7. Do you know what time ?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the

17、train leave D. the train leaves （） 8. I don't know . Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are（） 9. The small children don't know .A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stocki

18、ngsC. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings（） 10. I can't understand .A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求转换句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? （合并为复合句）f Could you tell us Mr.

19、 Brown living in China?2. "Does the girl need any help? ” he（askedimelil®）fHe asked me the girl some hel p3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, eithe r（合并为简单句） Jim Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合旬）I want to know the train .5. They went hom

20、e after they had finished their homework. 用（ notuntil 改写为同义句 ）They go home they had finished their homewor k6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.改为含宾语从句的复合旬） Li Lei wants to know Peter here yesterday.第二部分 表语从句在复合句中担任表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句放在连系动词之后，使用陈述语序。一、引导表语从句的词：1）连接词： that, whether, be

21、cause, as if2） 连接代词： who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever3）连接副词：where， when, how, why1、 that 引导陈述句， 只起连接作用，其本身无意义，在口语或非正式英语中可以省。例：（ 1） The fact is that Bill has known it.此句的表语是引导词是_ 翻译： （ 2） The trouble is （that） I have lost his address.此句的表语是引导词是_ 翻译： （ 3） My suggestion is that he （should） turn

22、the land into rice field.此句的表语是引导词是_ 翻译： 2、 whether 引导一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句， 意思是“是否” 。例如：（ 1） The question is whether we will go for an outing tomorrow.此句的表语是引导词是_ 翻译： （ 2） My question is whether he left（ or not） 。此句的表语是引导词是_ 翻译： （ 3） The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short

23、time.此句的表语是引导词是_ 翻译： 3、 as, as if/though。（ 1） She looks as if she were the mother of the orphons.此句的表语是翻译： （ 2） Things are not as they seemed to be.此句的表语是翻译： （ 3） He looked just as if he had looked ten years before.此句的表语是翻译： 4、because,意思是“因为”（ 1） It's just because he doesn't know her.此句的表语是翻

24、译： （ 2） That s because he was ill.此句的表语是翻译： （ 3） It was because he didn't pass the exam.此句的表语是翻译：5、who, whom, which, whose, where, when, why, ho导弓I导的表语从句。(1) The problem is who we can get to replace her.此句的表语是 I导词是在从句中作翻译：(2) What we looking into is what caused the accident .此句的表语是 I导词是在从句中作翻译：(

25、3) A question worth attention is how we can stop pollution.此句的表语是 I导词是在从句中作翻译：(4) That is why he didn't come here.此句的表语是 I导词是在从句中作翻译：二、带表语从句的系动词可接表语从句的连系动词除 be外，常见的有：look, seem, sound, appear, remain,等。例：(1) The question remains whether they will be able to help us.此句的表语是翻译：(2) At that time , it

26、 seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word.此句的表语是翻译：三、要注意的几个问题1、比较：That's because强调原因；That's why强调结果。例如：(1) That's because he didn't understand me.此句的表语是翻译：(2) This is why we can ' t get the support of the people此句的表语是翻译：(3) That's why he got angry with me.此句的表语是翻译：

27、2 .名词reason作主语时，表语从句用that而不用because； why引导，例如：. The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.我难过的原因就是他不理解我。3 2) The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus!上学迟至U 的原因就是 他误了早班车。3、what和that在表语从句中的区别what除了充当引导词外还在从句中充当成分，其意义相当于一个名词加that引导的定语从旬(something that );

28、that只起连接作用，不充当句子成分。例如：(1) That was what we wanted to know.那是他想要知道的(2) It seems to me that we should answer for this在我看来，我们似乎应该对此事负责。(3) It seems to be what we should answer fo好像这就是我们要负责的事。4、只能使用whether引导表语从何，意为“是否”，不能用if引导。5、使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从何，谓语动词需用“ should+动词原形” 表示，should 可省略。常见的词有

29、： advice , suggestion , order , proposal , plan , idea , request, requirement, demand, recommendation, wish, 等。例如： My suggestion is that she (should ) start early tomorrow.我的建议是她明天一早就出发。表语从句练习题一选择题：( )1. The question is we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. ifC. when D. whether( )2. The

30、reason why he failed is he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of( )3. Go and get your coat. It ' s you left itA. where B. thereC. there where D. where there()4. The problem is to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get ()5

31、. What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填()6. The reason is I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what()7. That is we were late last time.A. that B. when C. why D. what()8. She looked she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though()9.I f

32、eel sick!-I think it is you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because()10. The reason why he hasrt come is.A. because his mother is 川 B. because of his mother ' s being 川 C. that his mother is 川D. for his mother is ill()11. He was born here.-That is he likes the place so much.A. thatB

33、. what C. whyD. how()12.That is Lu Xun once lived.A. whatB. where C. that D. why二.that/what的区另1J()1. your father wants to know is getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That; how you are C. How； that you are D. What; how you are ()2. The trouble is we are short of tools.A. what B. that

34、 C. how D. why that()3. America was was first caed “India “ by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where()4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer.A. what it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it was used to be（） 5. he really means

35、is he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That what C. What what D. That what（） 6. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such三 【高考链接】从A 、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（ ） 1. It is not always easy for the public to see use a new invention can be of tohuman life

36、. （重庆 ） A. whoseB. whatC. whichD. that（ ） 2. His writing is so confusing that it s dmifafikceulot utot it is he is trying toexpress. （安徽 ） A. thatB. howC. whoD. what（ ）3.The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face.（京）A. whatB. howC. thatD. why（） 4. I m afraid he s more of a talker than