2012上海交通大学考博英语模拟题2(考卷附答案)

1、上海交通大学博士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题二 Part Listening Comprehension(略) Part Vocabulary Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 31. The business was forced to close down for a pe

2、riod but was _ revived. A. successively B. subsequently C. predominantly D. preliminarily 32. The book might well have _ had it been less expensive. A. worked out B. gone through C. caught on D. fitted in 33. We had been taken over by another firm, and a management _ was under way. A. clean up B. se

3、t up C. break out D. take out 34. The poor quality of the film mined the _ perfect product. A. rather B. much C. otherwise D. particularly 35. I'll have to _ this dress a bit before the wedding next week. A. let off B. let go C. let loose D. let out 36. They reached a(n) _ to keep their dispute

4、out of the mass media. A. understanding B. acknowledgement C. limitations D. misgivings 37. After walking for hours without finding the village, we began to have _ about our map. A. troubles B. fears C. limitations D. misgivings 38. If you don't want to talk to him, I'll speak to him _ . A.

5、on your account B. on your behalf C. for your part D. in your interest 39. From the time of the Greeks to the Great War, medicine' s job was simple: to struggle with _ diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. A. immortal B. immune C lethal D. toxic 40. This is

6、a market in which enterprising businesses _ for the demands of teenagers and older youths in all their rock mania and pop-art forms. A. cater B. entitle C appeal D. subject 41. Brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and ba

7、cteria _ . A. flourish B. collaborate C embark D. congregate 42. American literary historians are perhaps _ to viewing their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. A. prone B. legible C incompatible D. prior 43. To many people, a husband and wife alone do not seem a pr

8、oper family-they need children to enrich the circle, to _ family character and to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. A. repress B. intimidate C validate D. confine 44. The 1982 oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and _ the Corporation'

9、s statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply. A. defers B. curtails C. triggers D. sparks 45. These people actively try to _ what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. A.

10、suppress B. regress C. enhance D. revive 46. As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or _ our attention from the real issues at hand. A. retaining B. sustaining C. distracting D. obscuring 47. He went on to say that he would go to his hometown in _ of peace. A. quest B.

11、 allowance C. thirst D. greed 48. Unless I was _ mistaken, there was. something wrong with Louise. A. very much B. too C. almost D. very 49. The widely publicized demonstration did not after all _ . A. come off B. get on C. break out D. put on 50. The floods did not start to _ until two days after t

12、he rain had stopped. A. retire B. recede C. retreat D. sink 51. Nowadays, our government advocates credit to whatever we do or whoever we contact with. once you _ your words, you will lose your social status and personal reputation. A. keep up with B. give away from C. go back on D. lose sight of 52

13、. _ this coming Thursdag. it will be too late to enroll for the course. A. As of B. As for C. As to D. As on 53. An intelligent TV viewer may occasionally become enraged by the _ argumentation in commercials. A. imperative B. fallacious C. persuasive D. fabulous 54. How can personal income tax be le

14、vied to _ as many as possible while at the same time ensuring State finances do not suffer too much? A. interest B. benefit C. profit D. concern 55. To fund the _ event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department(MD

15、D). A. beneficent B. expensive C. costly D. luxurious 56. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week but they are _ by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone. A. outdone B. outweighed C. outrun D. outrivaled 57. This is an alarming real

16、ization as natural resources and the environment are being degraded and _ at a record pace. A. wasted B. reconstructed C. destructed D. reversed 58. Charleswas another monarch _ maligned by Victorian historians. A. much B. very C. greatly D. deeply 58. The elements of nature must be reckoned with in

17、 any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the _ of the Russian winter. A. severity B. consequence C. influence D. threat 60. The company, EDS, is smart enough to _ 90, 000-person workforce into independent microteams that work directly with individual clients on creative busine

18、ss solutions. A. break out B. break off C. break away from D. break down 61. Most environmental _ -from climate changes to freshwater and forest habitat loss-have become markedly worse. A. symptoms B. highlights C. indicators D. symbols 62. What we call nature is, _ , the sum of the changes made by

19、all the various creatures and natural forces in their intricate actions and influences upon each other and upon their places. A. in common sense B. from a sense C. by the sense D. in a sense 63. Although the" on line" life style has dominated the majority of city youth, most people in the

20、remote countryside still think Internet or something is _ to their life. A. unconcerned B. irrelevant C. inseparable D. inaccessible 64. _ near-perfect English language skills, the students were keen to explore every aspect of Australian culture, from Aussie eating customs to family and student life

21、, popular culture, the natural landscape and the ever-popular Australian native animals. A. Possessing B. Acquiring C. Apprehending D. Interpreting 65. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, _ the postal service

22、 is less efficient. A. where B. since C. that D. whereas 66. The board of directors have already discussed the subject _ in the previous meetings and they will handle it in all its aspects. A. in place B. at length C. on end D. off and on 67. Reflecting on our exploration, we also discovered that pe

23、ople will exploit the newness, vagueness, and breadth of the information Marketplace to support their wishes and predilections, _ they may be. A. whatsoever B. whatever C. whichever D. which 68. The World Bank is taking steps to _ its lending to reducing poverty in the Third World Countries. A. orie

24、nt B. tailor C. adapt D. adjust 69. Total investments for this year reached $ 56 million, and to put this into _ investments this year will double those made in 1997. A. sight B. vision C. perspective D. horizon 70. The year of 776 B. C. is considered to be the founding date of the Olympic Games in

25、ancient Greece. The Games lasted more than 11 centuries _ they were banned in 393 A. D. A. when B. after C. as D. until Part Reading Comprehension Directions: In this part you are going to read six passages. Each of the passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each questi

26、on there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice according to the passage you read and write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament you would most likely find a notewor

27、thy quirk elite soccer are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced. What might ac

28、count for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills, b) winter-born bathes tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c) soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual pea

29、k of soccer mania, d) none of the above. Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in "none of the above". Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he realized he would have more opportuni

30、ty to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. "With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20," Erics

31、son recalls. "He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers." This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise th

32、an an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was

33、 a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert perfor

34、mers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lavatory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talen

35、t is highly overrated. or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born. 71. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to _ . A. stress the importance of professional training. B. spotlight the

36、soccer superstars in the World Cup. C. introduce the topic of what males expert performance. D. explain why some soccer teams play better than others. 72. The word "mania" (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means _ . A. fun. B. craze. C. hysteria. D. excitement 73. According to Ericsson g

37、ood memory _ . A. depends on meaningful processing of information. B. results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises. C. is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors. D. requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration. 74. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that

38、 _ . A. talent is a dominating factor for professional success. B. biographical data provide the key to excellent performance. C. the role of talent tends to be overlooked. D. high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture. 75. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text t

39、ries to convey? A. "Faith will move mountains." B. "one reaps what one sows." C. "Practice makes perfect." D. "Like father, like son."Passage 2 For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn&qu

40、ot;. People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and

41、 to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What's the difference between love and fondness? or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It's not obvious how the capacity

42、 to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how mu

43、ch can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields? The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Sca

44、le and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no long

45、er possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age pecks, rather tan simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), ca

46、pture the main aspects of IQ tests. Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?". Steinberg notes that traditional tests best assess analyt

47、ical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the te

48、sts were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions o

49、f skip. 76. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test? A. Answering philosophical questions. B. Folding or cutting paper into different shapes. C. Telling the differences between certain concepts. D. Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones. 77. What can be inferred ab

50、out intelligence testing from Paragraph3? A. People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence. B. More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet. C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different. D. Scientists have defined the important elements of

51、 human intelligence. 78. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because _ . A. the scores are obtained through different computational procedures. B. creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now. C. vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will

52、not repeat. D. the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed. 79We can conclude from the last paragraph that _ . A. test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability B. IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated. C. testing involves a lot of guesswork. D. traditional tests a

53、re out of date. 80. What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests? A. Supportive. B. Skeptical. C. Impartial. D. Biased.Passage 3 During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed

54、by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and c

55、ritics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insura