(完整word版)人教版九年级英语(全一册)知识点汇总

1、31»知识点九年级英语 Unitl « How can we become good learners?【短语归纳】1. have conversation with sb.同某人谈话 2. too to 太而不能3. the secret to的,秘诀4. be afraid of doing sth./ be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事5. look up 查阅6. repeat out loud 大声跟读7. make mistakes in 在 方面犯错误 8. connect with 把 和 连接/联系起来9. get bored 感到厌烦

2、10. be stressed out焦虑不安的11. pay attention to 注意；关注 12. depend on 取决于；依靠13. the ability to do sth.做某事的能力 14. first of all 首先15 take notes做笔记，做记录16 . native speaker说本族语的人18. be angry with sb.对某人生气20.too many许多，修饰可数名词too much :许多，修饰不可数名词16. enjoy doing sth .17. make up组成、构成19.each other 彼止匕too many gir

3、lstoo much milk (too many和 too much) much too :太，修饰形容词much too beautiful21. change - into 将变为22. with the help of sb. = with one's help 在某人的帮助下with the help of LiLei = with LiLei's help 在李雷的帮助下23. compare to 把 与相比(compare with拿和比较) 【单元知识点】1. by + doing :通过方式2. talk about谈论，议论，讨论The students

4、often talk about movie after class.学生彳门常常在课后讨论电影。talk to sb= talk with sb 与某人说话3. 提建议的句子： What/ how about +doing sth.?做怎么样？What/ How about going shopping?Why don't you + do sth.? 你为什么不做 ？ Why don't you go shopping?Why not + do sth. ? 为什么不做？ Why not go shopping?Let's + do sth.让我们做吧。如：Let&

5、#39;s go shoppingShall we/I + do sth.? 我们/我好吗？Shall we/I go shopping?4. a lot许多，常用于旬末。如：I eat a lot.我吃了许多。5. too tccfc而不能 常用的句型：too+形容词/副词+ to do sth.I'm too tired to say anything.我太累了，什么都不想说。6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法，三个词都与 大声”或 响亮”有关。aloud是副词，通常放在动词之后。loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时，常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用

6、，多用于比较级，须放在动词之后。如：She told us to speak a little louder.她让我们说大声一点。loudly是副词，与loud同义，有时两者可替换使用，可位于动词之前或之后。如：He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.他不当众大声谈笑。7. not - at a卜点也不，根本不如：I like milk very much,I don't like coffee at all.我非常喜欢牛奶，我一点 也不喜欢咖啡。8. be / get excited about sth.对感兴奋9. end

7、 up doing sth :终止做某事，结束做某事The party ended up singing.晚会以唱歌而结束。end up with sth.以结束（注意介词 with）The party ended up with her singing.晚会以她的歌唱而告终。11. also也、而且（用于肯定何）常在句子的中间either也（用于否定旬）常在旬末 too也（用于肯定何）常在旬末12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes.我经常犯错。make a mistake犯一个错误如：I have made a mistake.我已经犯了一个

8、错误。13. laugh at sb.笑话；取笑（某人）如： Don't laugh at me!不要取笑我！14. enjoy doing sth .喜欢做 乐意做She enjoys playing football.她喜欢踢足球。enjoy oneself 过得愉快He enjoyed himself.他过得愉快。15. one of + （the+形容词最高级）+名词复数形式：其中之一She is one of the most popular teachers她是最受欢迎的教师之16. It's +形容词+ （for sb. ） to do sth :（对于某人来说）

9、做某事 It's difficult （for me ） to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了17. practice doing练习做某事She often practice speaking English.她经常练习说英语。18. decide to do sth.决定做某事LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing .李雷已经决定去北京。19. unless假如不，除非：引导条件状语从句You will fail unless you work hard .假如你不努力你会失败。20. deal/do with 处理 如：I de

10、alt with a lot of problem.21. worry about sb./ sth.担心某人 / 某事Mother worried about his son just now.妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。22. go by （时间）过去. 如：Two years went by.两年过去了。23. see sb / sth doing看见某人正在做某事（如果是看到正在做什么，要用动词ing形式，考的较多的也是动词ing形式）see sb / sth do看见某人在做某事She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom 她看见他正在教室里

11、画画。24. regardas 把:看作为 如：The boys regarded Anna as a fool这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。25. instead代替 用在旬末，副词instead of sth / doing sth代替，而不是»【短语归纳】I will go instead of you.我将代替你去。Unit2 «I think that moon cakes are delicious!1. the Lantern Festival 元宵节3. the Water Festival 泼水节5. eat five meals a day一天吃五餐7. in

12、 two weeks两星期之后17. end up最终成为；最后处于2. the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节4. be fun to watch 看着很有意思6. put on five pounds体重增加了五磅8. be similar to.与相似18. share sth. with sb.与分享19. as a result1吉果20. one,. . the other（两者中的）一个另一个21. take sb. out for dinner带某人出去吃饭22. dress up乔装打扮23. haunted house鬼屋31. call out 大声呼喊

13、32. remind sb. of使某人想起33. sound like 听起来像34. treat sb. with.用/以对待某人35. the beginning of new life 新生命的开始36 give sb. sth. 给某人某物；把某物给某人37. plan to do sth.计划做某事38 refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事重点句子1. I think that they ' re fun towt的它们看着很有意思。2. What do you like about ？What do you like best about the Dragon B

14、oat Festival?关于端午节，你最喜欢什？3. What a great day!多么美好的一天！4. .I wonder if it ' ssmilar to the Water Festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.我想知道它是否与云南傣族的泼水节相似。5. How+adj. /adv. + 主 + 谓！How fantastic the dragon boat teams were!龙舟队多棒啊！6. What do/does+sb. + think of sth. ?What does Wu Yu think of

15、this festival? 吴宇觉得这个节日怎么样？【单元知识点】1. What + a（n） +形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语+其他）！2. How +形容词/副词（+主语+谓语+其他）！ 多么！3. be going to 将要/打算4. in +时间段 在后5 one of +名词复数形式之一【语法归纳】一、宾语从句宾语从何在复合旬中作主句的宾语。三大考点：引导词、时态和语序。由连接词+主语+谓语 构成常由下面的一些词引导： 由that引导 表示陈述意义that可省略He says （that） he is at home.他说他在家里。 由if , whether引导 表示

16、 一般疑问意义（是否、已否、对否等）I don ' t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fishK不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。 由连接代词、连接副词（疑问词）引导 表示特殊疑问意义Do you know what he wants to buy?你知道他想要买什么吗？从何时态要与主句一致当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）He said （that） he was at home 他说他在家里。I didn ' t know that she was si

17、nging now不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework.她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Did you know when he would be back?你知道他将会什么时候回来？二、感叹句感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what或how引导。现分述如下：由what引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：1 .可用句型：“ What + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语 +其 他）！ ”。如：What a nice present it is!它是一件多么好

18、的礼物啊！What an interesting book it is!它是一本多么有趣的书啊！2 .可用句型：“ What+形容词+可数名词复数（+主语+谓语+其他）！ ”。 如：What beautiful flowers they are!多么漂亮的花啊！What good children they are!他们是多么好的孩子啊！3 .可用句型：“ What+形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语 +其他）！ ”。 如：What fine weather it is today!今天天气多好啊！What important news it is!多重要的新闻啊！由how引导的感叹句，其句子结

19、构也分为三种：1 .可用句型：“ Hw +形容词/副词（+主语+谓语+其他）！ ”。如：How careful she is!她多么细心啊！How fast he runs!他跑得多快啊！2 .可用句型：“ How+形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！ ”。How beautiful a girl she is!她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！3 .可用句型：“ How +主语+谓语！ ”。如：How time flies!光阴似箭！由what引导的感叹句与由how引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：How beautiful a girl she is! =

20、 What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are!= How delicious these cakes are!Unit3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?【短语归纳】1. used to过去常常2. be afraid of 害怕4 . From time to time 时常；有时 4. turn red 变红5. take up开始做6. deal/do with 对付；应付7. not anymor杯再9. worry about 担心11. ha

21、ng out 闲逛13. thank about 考虑15. be alone 独处17. get to(arrive at/in8. tons of attention 很多关注10. be careful 当心12. give up 放弃14. a very small number of 极少数的(the number of)16. give a speech 做演讲reach).至 ij达 18. make a telephone call 打电话19 save money省钱、存钱【单元知识点】1 .宾语从句；宾语从何在复合旬中作主句的宾语。构成：连接词+主语+谓语常由下面的一些连接

22、词引导：由that引导，表示陈述意义，另外that可省略He says （that） he is at home.他说他在家里。由if , whether引导，表示一般疑问意义（带有是否、已否等意思）I don't know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish.我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词)引导，表示特殊疑问意义Do you know what he wants to buy?你知道他想要买什么吗？从句时态要与主句一致；当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句根据情况使用任何时态He says (that ) he is at home.

23、他说他在家里。She wants to know if I have finished my homework.她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)He said (that) he was at home.他说他在家里。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。(6)如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现我们老师对我们说光比声在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态

24、，从句一律用一般现在时。1. Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.音传播要快得多。2. The mother told his son that two and three is five.母亲告诉孩子二力口三等于五。3. We all knew that a friend in need is a friend indeed.我们都知道， 患难之交才是真朋友。4. He told me that his father is an English teacher.他告诉我他父亲是名英语老师5. 问路常用的句

25、子：Do you know where is ？ Can you tell me how can I get to ?Could you tell me how to get to ?Can/Could/W川/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情Could you tell me how to get to the park?请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？ 上面句子中的how to get to the park是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语从句（这一点要搞清楚，它不是宾语从句）,相当于how I can get to the pa

26、rk （宾语从句）I don't know how to solve the problem =I don't know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题Can you tell me when to leave? =Can you tell me when I will leave? 你能告诉 我什么时候离开？6. 日常交际用语：take the eevator / escalator to the乘 foor/ 自动扶梯到 楼turn left / right = take a left / right 向左/ 右转 go s

27、traight 向前直走7. next to旁边、紧接着 Lily is next to Ann. 莉莉就在安的旁边。8. between and 在一和一之间（重中之重.）Lily is between Ann and Tom.莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。9. decide to do 决定做- She decided to go to have lunch她决定去吃午餐。 make a decision做个决定（常见短语）10. Is that a good place to hang out?那是不是一个闲荡的好地方？如 There are something to eat.这有吃的东西。句

28、子中的 to eat修饰代词 something,作定语。11. kind of +adj/adv.译为 有点、一点" She is kind of shy.她有点害羞。12. expensive 贵的 反义词 cheap inexpensive 不贵的13. crowded拥挤的 反义词 uncrowded不拥挤的14. take a vacation = go on a vacation 度假15. dress up 打扮 dress up as 打扮成He wanted to dress up as Father Christmastfc 想要打扮成圣诞老人。16. on th

29、e beach在海滩上，介词用 on17. politely adv.有礼貌地polite adj.有礼貌的18. depend on :根据、依靠、依赖、决定于Living things depend on the sunlight 生物对阳光有依赖性。That depends on how you did it.那决定于你怎样做这件事。19. prefer动词，更喜欢、宁愿。常用的结构有：prefer sth.更喜欢某事I prefer English.我更喜欢英语。prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。prefe

30、r sth to sth.同相比更喜欢I prefer dogs to cats.与猫相比我更喜欢狗。prefer doing to doing宁愿做某事而不愿做某事I prefer walking to sitting.我宁愿走路也不愿坐着prefer to do rather than do宁愿做某事而不愿做某事I prefer to work rather than be free.我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。20. on the other hand 另一方面（一方面： on the one hand.21. 把借给某人：lend sb. sth. = lend sth to sb.（反义词

31、：borrow.from.） Lily lent me her book = Lily lent her book to me .莉莉把她的书借给了 我。22. Im sorry to do sth.对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。23. in a way在某种程度说24. in order to 为了 ，表目的。He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他起早床，是为了赶上头班公共汽车。25. 同级比较：as- asas +形容词/副词原级+ as ,和上一样He works as hard as we.他工作和我们同样努力。Unit4 &#

32、171;I used to be afraid of the dark.»【短语归纳】1. be more interested in 对更感兴趣.2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 体操课.5. worry about 担心.6. all the time 一直，总是7. chat with 与闲聊8. hardly ever 几乎从不9. walk to school = go to school on foot 步行去上学take the bus to school = go to scho

33、ol by bus 乘车去上学10. as well as 不仅而且 11 get into trouble with 遇到麻烦12. in the end 最后 13. make a decision下决定，下决心【重点句子】1. I used to be afraid of the dark.我过去常常前害怕黑暗.1. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.我开着卧室的灯睡觉 .3. I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends.以前我常常花彳艮 多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.4.

34、 I hardly ever have time for concerts.我几乎没有时间去听音乐会 .5. My lif e has changed a lot in the last few years.6. It will make you stressed out.那会使你紧张的.7. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a 10ts梅彳以乎变化彳艮大.【单元知识点】1. used to do sth.过去常常做某事如：He used to play football after school.放学后他过去常常踢足球。2. 反意疑问句 肯定陈述句+否定提问

35、如：Lily is a student, isn't she?否定陈述句 + 肯定提问如：She doesn't come from China, does she?提问部分用代词而不用名词如：Lily is a student, isn't she?陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly等，其反意疑问句用肯定式He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？3. pl

36、ay the piano 弹钢琴 4.be interested in sth.对感兴趣 be interested in doing sth.对做感兴趣如：He is interested in math, but he isn't interested in speaking English.他对数 学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。5. interested adj.感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 interesting adj有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物6. be terrified of sth.害怕 如：I am terrified of the

37、 dog.be terrified of doing sth.害怕做 如：I am terrified of speaking.7. walk to somewhere : 步行至 U某处8. spend动词，表示 花费金钱、时间"（spend和pay for它们的主语都是 人，这一点大家要清楚）spendon sth.在某事上花费（金钱、时间）（重要考点）spenddoing sth.花费（金钱、时间）去做某事（重要考点，尤其要注意动名词，也就是动词的ing形式，很容易出现在选择题中）如：He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着

38、He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了 三个月去建这座桥。Pay for 花费 如：I pay 10 yuan for the book.我花了 10 元买这本书。9. take :动词，有 花费”的意思，常用的结构有：（cost: sth. cost）It takes sb some time/money to do stlhB: It takes me a day to read the book.10. chat with sb.与某人闲聊如：I like to chat with him.我喜欢和他聊天。11. worry about sb

39、./ sth.担心某人/某事，worry 是动词be worried about sb./sth.担心某人 /某事，worried 是形容词如：Don't worry about him.不用担心他。Mother is worried about her son.妈妈担心他的儿子。12. all the time 直、始终13. take sb. to +地方：送/带某人去某个地方如：A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。14. hardly adv.几乎不、没有。hardly修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前，

40、助动词/情态动词+hardly ; hardly +实义动词如：I can hardly understand them.我几乎不能够明白他们。I hardly have time to do it.我几乎没有时间去做了。15. miss v.思念、想念、错过16. in the last few years.在过去的几年内，常与完成时连用 如：I have lived in China in the last few years.在过去的几年内我在中国住。17. be different from 与不同18. how to swim :怎样游泳不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what,

41、 which, how, where, when至引导的疑问句连用，构成不定式短语。 如：The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。I don't know where to go.我不知道去哪。19. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happymake sb./ sth. + 动词原形make him laugh20. move to + 地方：搬到某地如：I moved to Beijing last year.21. it seems that +A旬 看起来好像 如：It seems that he has c

42、hanged a lo盾起来他好像变了 许多。22. help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人 help sb. (to) do sth.帮某人做某事 She helped me with English.她帮助我学英语。She helped me (to) study English.她帮助我学习英语。23. fifteen-year-old :作形容词,15 岁的。fifteen years old 指年龄，15 岁。 如：a fifteen-year-old boy 一个 15 岁的男孩24. can't afford to do sth.支付不起 can't

43、 afford sth.支付不起I can't afford to buy the car. I can't afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。25. as +形容词/副词+ as sb+could/can尽某人的 能力Zhou run as fast as her could/can她尽她最快的能力去跑。26. to one's surprise令某人，原讶 to their surprise 令他们，原讶 to LiLei's surprise 令李雷，原讶27. take pride in sth.以而自豪His father alway

44、s take pride in him.他的爸爸总是以他而自豪28. pay attention to sth.对注意，留心You must pay attention to your friend.你应该多注意你的朋友。29. be able to do sth.能做某事 She is able to do it.她能够做到。30. give up doing sth.放弃做某事My father has given up smoking.我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。31. 不再 no more =no longerI play tennis no more我不再打网球。 not any more

45、 = not any longer 如：I don't play tennis any longer.我不再打网球。»2. be made in 在制造4. be famous for 以而著名6. be known for 以闻名8. pick by hand手工采摘10. avoid doing sth 避免做某事Unit5 What are the shirts made of?【短语归纳】1. be made of 由制造3. environmental protection 环境保护5. be produced in 在生产7. as far as I know 据

46、我所知9. send for 发送11. everyday things 日用品【重点句子】1. What are the shirts made of?衬衫是由什么制成的？2. It was made in Thailand.它是在泰国制造的。3. No matter what you made buy,you might think those products were made in those countries.无论你买什么，你会认为那些产品是在那些国家制造的。4. The international kite festival is held in April every yea

47、r. 国际风筝节是在 每年的四月举行。5. Laura didn ' t know that kite flying could be so exciting拉不知道放飞风 筝可能会如此令人兴奋。【单元知识点】1. made of 由 制(构)成， This skirt is made of silk.这件裙子是用丝绸制成的。be made of/from/up of 的区另 U(1) be made of表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么保留原材料的，质和形状，制作过程仅发生物理变化。The kite is made of paper风筝是用纸做的。(2) be made from

48、表示带t成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。The paper is made from wood 纸是木头做的。Butter is made from milk.黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。(3) be made up of用构成或组成的，指人、物皆可，指结构成分。Our class is made up of six groups.我们班是 由六个/、组组成的。2. It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.好像全世界的许多人都在喝中国茶。句型“It s

49、eems that意为 看起来好像/似乎”，其中seem是连系动词，意为 似乎；好像”，句型中的it是形式主语，不能用其他代词来替代。It seems that he was late for the train.看来他没赶上火车。seem的几种常见结构：(1) seem to do stht匕句型可与 “It seems that 转换。They seem to find the way to the cinema. =It seems that they find the way to the cinema.他们似乎找到了去电影院的路了。(2) seem镂容词My temperature

50、seems (to be) all right.我的体温看上去正常了。(3) seem+S词 That seems not a bad idea看上去主意不错。3. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing in factory. 当茶叶成熟时，就被用手工采摘然后送到工厂加工。When the fruit are ready, they are picked and are sent to the mark for sale.当这些水果成熟后就被摘下来并送到市场上卖掉。

51、4. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.无论你买什么，你都可能认为那些产品是在那些国家生产的。此句为由no matter +特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。意为 无论.",相当于whateveroNo matter what I said to her, she still didn' t believe me.无论我对她说什么，她仍然不相信我。5. find out,查出，找到。指有目的，经过一定努力才找到。The police are

52、 trying to find out where the boy got off the train.警察正在查找这个男孩是从哪下的火车。find, find out 与 look for find , find out 和 look for 者B含有 寻找、找至U ” 的意 思，但其含义和用法却不同。find意为找至ij、发现"，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或 某种情况，强调的是找的结果。He didn ' t find his bike,他没找到他的自行车。look for意为 寻找”，是有目的地找，强调 寻找”这一动作。I don ' t f

53、ind my penl ' m looking for it everywhere.我没有找至U我的钢笔， 我 正到处找。 He is looking for his shoes,他在找他的鞋子。6. find out意为找出、发现、查明”，多指通过调查、寻问、打听、研究之后犒清楚、弄明白”，通常含有 经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。Please find out when the train leaves.请查一下火车什么时候离站。Read this passage and find out the answer to this question.【语法归

54、纳】一般现在时态的被动结构及用法一、概念理解7. 时态：在英语语言中，时态主要讨论行为动词发生的时间。如：He often helps me with my English.他经常帮助我学英语。（help这个动 作经常发生often；故用一般现在时）英语中常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般 过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过 去将来时等等。1 .语态：在英语语言中，语态主要讨论句子主语与行为动词的关系。语态 有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主语是动作的发出者（执行者）为主动语态。The tall boy often hits his classmates 主语是动

55、作的接受者（承受者）为被动语态。助动词be +及物动词的过 去分词构成 Chinese is spoken by the most people in the world （主语 Chinese 是谓语动词speak的接受者）。3语态与时态的关系：在任何一个英语句子中都同时存在语态时态，他们是 分析一个英语句子的两个主要元素。 He is looking after his sister at home. He is being looked after well by his parents.二、被动语态最基本的句型结构：be +及物动词过去分词、be有时态，人称和数的变化。、被动语态中的谓

56、语动词必须是及物动词；因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如 100k after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at 等，也可用于被动语态。三、被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用 by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class.2,突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。如： The cup was broken by Paul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时 常用in +名词作状语，而代替 by短语。如：These cars were made in China.四、主动语态变被动语态的变法：主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换1 .把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2 .把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be +过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3 .把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in +地点名词作状语。五、一般现在时的被动语态： am /is/ a