外研社八年级英语下册语法专题复习

1、1 / 7语法专题Module 1简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成 一.五种基本句型：1.王语+系动词+表语 （S+V+P） He is happy.2.主语+不及物动词+（状语）（S+V ） He is swimming.3.主语+及物动词+宾语+（状语）（S+V+O ）Isaw him just now.4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语.练习：写出下列句子的基本成分。(S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike,(S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike

2、 to me.(S+V+O+OC) The good n ews made us happy.1.He likes music very much.2.The soup tastes salty.3.She works very hard.4.My teacher asked me to come a little earlier n ext time.5.My father bought me a computer.Module 2宾语从句：是一个复合句，复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句。1.定义：在句子充当宾语的从句女口：He says that he is going to the cin

3、 ema.The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.2.结构：1）主句+that+从句（that 没有意义，可省略）2）主句+if/ whethbr not （是否）+ 从句（3） 主句 + 疑问词（what, where , how, why ）+ 从句如：I believe （that）we will become good friends 我相信我们会成为好朋友。He asks whether/ if we will go fishi ng on Sun day.他问周日我们是否会出去钓鱼。I understand wh

4、y they like computer games so much.我理解他们为什么如此喜欢电脑游戏。3. 时态：（1）主句是一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态。I hear that Peter bought a new computer yesterday.（主句用一般现在时，从句用过去时）Tom wants to know what his brother will do next Sunday.（主句用一般现在时，从句用将来时）The little girl can show me where she lives.（主句用一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时）2. 如果王句的时态是一般过去时，

5、宾语从句只能用过去的某种时态如：David told me that he was very tired.（主句用一般过去过去时，从句也用过去时）3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：2 / 7如：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（主句用一般过去时，从句用现在 时）如何改为宾语从句（三关）1. 引导词关1陈述句，引导词用 that （that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略）;2一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether ；3特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关1陈

6、述句 变为宾语从句， 语序不变 ，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said.TThe teacher said （that） he was an honest boy.2一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句， 语序变为陈述语序 。如：Does he work hard ？ I wonder.tI wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave ？I dont know.tI dont know when he left.3. 时态关1如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：2

7、如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用 一般现在时。练习题1. Miss Green didn ttell us _ in 2002.A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived2.I don t know when _.A.will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D

8、. the train leave3. -We don t know _ .-It is said that he was born in Sweden.A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from4. Were not sure if it _tomorrow. If it _ ， we wont climb the SouthHill.A. will snow ； snows B. will snow ； will snow C. snows； snows D. sn

9、ows； will snowModule 3动词不定式（to do）和动名词（v-ing ）有些动词后面需加 to do 或-ing 来把意思补充完整。接 to do 的单词多为打算”、计划”、“希望”之类的动词，而这些动词都表示未来。接-ing 形式的动词要么表示是正在进行，要么表示一般性或经常性行为。有的动词既可以接to do，也可以接-ving。一. 接 to do 的动词有 :（1） 四个希望两答应：hope/ want/ wish/ would like to agree/ promise（2）两个要求加拒绝：demand/ ask/ refuse（3）设法学会做决定：manage/

10、 learn/ decide（4）不要假装在选择： pretend/ choose二. 接-ing 的动词有： enjoy/ finish/ practise/ keep/ be busy/ feel like doing sth3 / 7三.既可以接 to do,也可以接-ving 的动词有 hate,like, love, begin/start （意思一样）， remember, forget, continue/ go on, stop, try,mean, regret（意思不一样）4 / 71.Would you like_(have) a cup of tea?2.I，m ver

11、y tired, let stop_(have) a rest.3.I asked why he smiled, but he couldn t remember_(smile) at me.4.He wants_(buy) a new bike.5.You must keep_ (practice)_ (speak) En glish every day.6.Have you fini shed_ (read) the book?7.I decide_ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday.8.My sister enjoys_ (liste n) to m

12、usic.9.He lear nt_ (swim) all by himself.10. My father agreed_(buy) me a computer.11. I forgot_ (close) the door yesterday.12. I hate_ (lose).13. The teacher is coming, we stop_. (talk)14. We tried_(finish) the work on time.15. Sally refused_ (play) during the final practice.16. He offers_ (help) me

13、 with the work.17. She can afford_ (buy) a dicti on ary.18. I hope_(go) abroad.19. Da Wei asked_(play) the computer game on my father computer.20. He started_(make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.Module 4-5由 if （如果）引导的条件状语从句（在某种条件下某事可能发生）1.句子结构（1） If 从句+主句（2） If 从句+祈使句（以动词原形开头）2.位置：i

14、f 从句可放句首，也可放主句后面；若 If 条件句放句首，从句可加逗号如: Print the text if you like it.= If you like the text, print it.3.时态变化（1） 如果主句是一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时。（主将从现）女口： If it doesn train tomorrow, we llgo to the great wall.（2）如果主句是其它时态，从句与主句时态保持一致。e.g.:If you finish eating, you may leave the table.4. 练习题Remember to do sth 记得去

15、做某事Forget to do sth 忘记去做某事Stop to do sth 停止正在做的事去做另一件事Continue/ go on to do 继续做另一件事Try to do sth 努力设法做某事Mean to do sth 意味着做某事Regret to do sth 对将要做的事表示遗憾四练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。remember doing sth 记得做过某事forget doing sth 忘记做过某事stop doing sth 停止正在做的事Continue/ go on doing sth 停止正在做的事try doing sth 试着做某事mean doing

16、 sth 打算做某事regret doing sth 对已做的事感到后悔5 / 7If you _（want） to say something, _ （hand） up, please.If Lily _ (receive) the gift, she _ (be) very happy.If she _ (get) up late, she _ (not catch) the bus.=She should_,or_二、 感叹句(多啊!)1.What + ( a/an/.) . + adj. + n.什 主语 + be)!e.g.: _ clean classroom it _!_ hon

17、est kid Tom _!_ terrible news this _!_ fan tastic con certs they _2.How + adj. + 主语(the + n. / 人名 /代词)+ be!e.g.:改写上面的句子.Module 6直接引语和间接引语（1）一般陈述句1.直接引语：直接引述别人的原话，通常用 引号“ ”括起来如：Mr Black said ，“m very busy. ”2.间接引语： 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，多数情况下构成“that 引导的宾语从句” 女口： Mr Black said that he was very busy.3. 般陈述句把直

18、接引语变成间接引语要考虑以下几种因素：人称，_间状语、地点状语等（1）人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新如：1.直弓 I：She said, “like Tennis. -间弓 I：She said that she liked tennis.2. He said to Lily, You must get up early. - He told Lily that she must get up early.6 / 73.She said to me , TheyWa nt to help him. - She told me that they wan ted to help hi

19、m.（2）时态的变化：A.主句的谓语动词一般现在时，从句的动词也是一般现在时。女口： She says, I love Spring very much. ”She says (that) she loves Spring very much.B 主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的动词是过去的某种时态，除非是客观真理，常用 一般现在时女口： She said, “I like singing- Shesaid (that) she liked singing.She said, I have never met an American. She saidshe had never met an

20、 American.(3 )其他变化形式:指示代词时间状语地点状语动词this-thatno w-the nhere-therecome-gothese-thosetoday that daybring taketoni ght that ni ghttomorrow the n ext day4.练习题:Module 7直接引语和间接引语(1 祈使句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句1.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语应考虑的因素：ask/tell sb (not) to do sth 人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等女口： (1) Go and wash your han ds. Mothe

21、r said to Tom.Mother asked/told Tom to_go and wash his ha nds.(2) She said to Tony, Don go close to the bearsShe told/asked Tony not to go close to the bears.2.直接引语是一般疑问句(以 be 动词，情态动词，助动词开头的问句)，变成间接引语应考虑的因素：用 if/whether 弓丨导一主句的动词是 said,改为 asked-主句没有宾语要加宾语(me,him,us.)-把一般疑问句变成陈述语序-人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状

22、语等女口： He said, Are you ready? ” -He asked (us) if we were ready.Jack asked, Did you know Mike? ”-Jack asked me whether/if I knew Mike.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句(以特殊以特殊疑问词引导的问句)，变成间接引语应考虑的因素：原来的疑问词引导 -主句的动词是 said,改为 asked-主句没有宾语要加宾语(me ,him,us.)-把一般疑问句变成陈述语序-人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等女口： What do you want? She asked me

23、.-She asked me what I wan ted.She said to Tony, How are you feeling now?She asked Tony how he was feeling then.4.直接引语是 why don not.，变成间接引语应考虑的因素：Suggest/ advise that .(should) 人称，时态，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等如: Lin gli ng said, Why don we go to one of our n ati onal parks to relax? ”7 / 7Lingling suggested/ ad

24、vised that they should go to one of their natinal parks to relax.5 练习题1）“ These flowers are from Guangdong. ” He said.He said_these flowers_ from Guan gdo ng.2） “ Light travels faster tha n sound.” My teacher told me.My teacher told me_light_ faster tha n sound.3）Do they want fried chicke n? He aske

25、d the boys.He asked the boys_ they _ fried chicke n.4）. “ Do you want to try something new 。” Toms mother asked him.Toms mother asked him_to try somethi ng n ew.5）Whats his n ame? I asked him.I asked him what_.6） Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know.I dont know_ the watch_ made in Shan ghai.M

26、odule 8时间状语从句1. when 和 while （当。的时候） 连接的时间状语从句（1） when 后接短暂性和延续性动词（2） while 后接延续性动词，且延续性动词常用进行时态女口： When I got home, I found mother cooking for me.我到家时，发现妈妈在为我做饭。 Whilethey are wait ing for the New Year, they liste n to music and si ng son gs.在等新年到来的一段时间里，他们听音乐和唱歌。2.before （在之前）和 after（在之后）连接的时间状语从句

27、如：妈妈总是在我放学回家前把晚饭准备好。Mother always prepares supper before I come back from school.我昨晚功课就和你出去。I will go out with you after I fin ish my homework.3.as soon as （一就）连接的时间状语从句（强调动作紧密相连）（1 ）时态：主将从现（主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时）如：I will call you as soon so I arrive in Beiji ng.我一到北京就打电话给你4.un til （直到），n ot。un til（直到。才）连接的时间状语从句如：他一直等到所有人都走了。He waited un til all the people left.直到妈妈回家后我才上床睡觉。I don go to bed until Mum came back.Module 9原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句1.because （因为）连接的原因状语从句女口：他因为有病，没有参加晚会