Unit_1-living a full life

1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）综合教程（上）INTEGRATED COURSE2Unit 1 Living A Full Life Task 1Discuss with members of your group what is/are the most important element(s) for living a full life. You may choose one or more from the following list or provide your own answer. Then give reasons why you have made such a

2、choice. a good appearance close friends a happy mindset a good neighborhood perfect health an absorbing hobby a good job lottery winnings a happy family Comprehension question:Comprehension question:What is happiness?Happiness is a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment, love, satisfa

3、ction, pleasure, or joy. A variety of biological, psychological, religious, and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its sources.Reading FocusCritical ThinkingWatch a clip from The Pursuit of Happiness in which Christophers wife just left him. Discuss with your part

4、ner how people should pursue happiness. This movie was inspired by a true story. Chris Gardner (Will Smith) is a family man struggling to make ends meet. Despite his valiant attempts to help keep the family afloat, the mother (Thandie Newton) of his five-year-old son Christopher (Jaden Christopher S

5、yre Smith) is buckling under the constant strain of financial pressure. No longer able to cope, she reluctantly decides to leave. Chris, now a single father, continues doggedly to pursue a better-paying job using every sales skill he knows. He lands an internship at a prestigious stock brokerage fir

6、m, and although there is no salary, he accepts, hopeful he will end the program with a job and a promising future. Without a financial cushion, Chris and his son are soon evicted from their apartment and forced to sleep in shelters, bus stations, bathrooms, or wherever they can find refuge for the n

7、ight. Despite his troubles, Chris continues to honor his commitment as a loving and caring father, using the affection and trust his son has placed in him as an impetus to overcome the obstacles he faces. - Hello? - Hey, yeah.Sorry I couldnt make it home on time.- Chris, I missed my shift. - Yeah, I

8、 know. Im sorry about that.Look, Im on my way right now. Are you all right with Christopher?Im leaving. Chris, Im leaving.- What? - Did you hear what I said?I have my things together, and Im taking our son.and were gonna leave now.Im gonna put the phone down.- Linda, wait a minute. Hold it, hold. -

9、Im going to leave. We are leaving.It was right then that I started thinking about Thomas Jefferson.the Declaration of Independence.and the part about our right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.And I remember thinking:How did he know to put the pursuit part in there?That maybe happiness

10、is something that we can only pursue.And maybe we can actually never have it.no matter what.How did he know that?Linda. Linda.Discuss in groups the following questions.1. Have you had the experience of going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better person? Or do you know someone

11、 who has experienced this?2. Unlike those who are so unfortunate to have been struck by diseases or who have been forced to go through extreme difficulties in life, some people choose to voluntarily take adventures or challenges, like extreme sports, to push themselves to limits. Why do these people

12、 do so and what can they obtain from these experiences?Reading FocusCritical ThinkingThe Hidden Side of HappinessGlobal Understanding1Introduction2Authors Comment3Conclusion(Paras. 1-3)(Paras. 4-17)(Para. 18)The Hidden Side of Happiness Kathleen McGowan1. Hurricanes, house fires, cancer whitewater r

13、afting（激流（激流漂筏失事）漂筏失事） accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways（小巷）（小巷）. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal（痛苦的磨难）（痛苦的磨难） ultimately changes them for the better. Their refrain might go something like this : “I w

14、ish it hadnt happened, but Im a better person for it.”Whitewater rafting 激流漂流。激流漂流。 An recreational activity using an inflatable (可充气的）可充气的） raft to navigate a river or other bodies of water. hurricane: 飓风飓风 e.g. In America, Hurricane Katrina turned New Orleans from a stable, wealthy and vibrant cit

15、y into a wasteland in a few days. typhoon 台风台风 monsoon 季风季风 与季风相伴的雨季与季风相伴的雨季 trade wind 信风信风Language Point vicious: 1)violent and cruel in a way that hurts someone physicallye.g. a vicious murder a vicious killer2） very unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someones feelings or make their charact

16、er seem bad, e.g. She was shocked by the vicious tone in his voice.malicious, evil, violent, savage, cruel, fierceLanguage Point Their refrain might go sth. like this: refrain: n. a remark or idea that is often repeated 重复重复e.g. Their proposal met with constant refrain that it was impractical.e.g. .

17、 I made a terrific effort to refrain from tears.refrain: v. to hold oneself back; forbeare.g. Refrain from using such coarse language. 别使用这样的粗俗的语言。别使用这样的粗俗的语言。Language Point 2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations perhaps because they testify to a bona

18、 fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In

19、 fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have subsequently in some ways improved.perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truthbona fide: adj. made or carried out in good faith; sinceree.g. There are few bona fide readers but many dippe

20、rs. 真诚精读的人很少，但粗读者却很多。真诚精读的人很少，但粗读者却很多。e.g. a bona fide Rembrandtbona fide: adj. authentic; genuineLanguage Point There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.flourish: develop well and be successful e.g. The economy is booming and small businesses ar

21、e flourishing.thrivee.g. Children thrive when given plenty of love and attention.See：develop, bloom, grow, prosperLanguage Point 我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种

22、内在的奋发向上的能力会迸发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历做的能力会迸发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历做出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人实际出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。此在某些方面有了改善。Language Point Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.A. Positive responses

23、 only happen to the toughest and the bravest people.B. Anyone could obtain positive outcomes from difficult experiences.C. Only the toughest and the bravest people will undergo disturbing circumstances.D. The toughest and the bravest people are more likely to encounter profoundly disturbing experien

24、ces.3. This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province（范围）（范围） of the new science of post-traumatic growth（创伤后成长）（创伤后成长）. This fledgling field（新兴（新兴领域）领域） has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide（意在使人消气却没效果的话）（意在使人消气却没效果的话）: what doesnt

25、 kill you can actually make you stronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive. This fledgling field has

26、 already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: fledgling: a fledgling state or organization has only recently been formed and is still developing e.g. Nursed the fledgling business through an economic downturn. A fledgling democratic country Language Point In the wake of even the most ter

27、rifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. in the wake of: following or as a result of sth 紧跟、效仿紧跟、效仿e.g. In the wake of the crisis, the US was now burdened with soaring borrowing, high unemployment, and collapsing house prices.他指出他指出,金融危机过后金融危机过后,目前美国承受着借款飙升

28、、失业目前美国承受着借款飙升、失业率高企和房价崩溃的重压率高企和房价崩溃的重压。 The figures do not include restrictions on pork imports implemented by 39 countries in the wake of the swine flu outbreak. 该数字不包括猪流感爆发后该数字不包括猪流感爆发后,39个国家采取的限制猪肉个国家采取的限制猪肉进口的措施。进口的措施。 Language Point IntroductionGlobal UnderstandingMain idea: Many people find t

29、hat enduring a harrowing ordeal _.There seems to be a built-in human capacity to _.What doesnt kill you can actually make you stronger.ultimately changes them for the betterflourish under the most difficult circumstancesBody Main idea: People who have suffered the most, who have beenforced to conten

30、d with shocks they never anticipated and torethink the meaning of their lives, _. may have the most totell us about that profound and intensely fulfillingjourney that philosophers used to call the searchGlobal Understandingfor “the good life”4. Those who weather adversity（逆境）（逆境） well are living pro

31、of of the paradoxes of happiness. We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life. Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss（福气）（福气） a life protected from bad feelings, free from pain and confusion. Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the parad

32、oxes of happiness. paradox: a person, thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange e.g. He was a paradox-a loner who loved to chat to strangers. The paradox is that fishermen would catch more fish if they fished less.Language Point Weather： v. to come through a very

33、difficult situation safely.e.g. The police department has weathered the storm of criticism after the incident. He said it was a “special” policy to weather the financial crisis. Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss.Quest: n. the act or an instance of seeking or purs

34、uing something; a searche.g. in quest of employmentquest (for): v. seek aftere.g quest for improvement /hidden treasuresSee: pursue, seek, search Language Point shrivel: v. 1) if something shrivels, it becomes smaller and its surface is covered in lines because it is very dry or old. e. g. Why do Ka

35、tes onions grow so well while Johns shrivel and rot in the ground?2) Gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller. e.g. Profits have shriveled since the start of the economic crisis. bliss: perfect happiness or enjoyment e.g. I dont have to get up till eleven. It was sheer bliss. This enjoy

36、ment of beauty fills me with such contentment and bliss that I can find no words to express my admiration for the designer. Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.A. Those who experience different weather conditions can find happiness.B. Weathermen are most l

37、ikely to experience the paradoxes of happiness.C. Those who come out of a difficult situation soundly are the best examples of the paradoxes of happiness.D. People gain happiness and sorrow if they handle adversity well.We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life.A. The best possible l

38、ife of humans depends on whether they are happy.B. The best possible life comes from pleasure.C. The best possible life needs more pleasure.D. Pleasure is not the only thing that contributes to the best life.5. This anodyne definition of wee-being leaves out the better half of the story, the rich, f

39、ull joy that comes from a meaningful life. It is the dark matter of happiness, the ineffable （不可言喻的）（不可言喻的）quality we admire in wise men and women and aspire to cultivate in our lives. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they n

40、ever anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the search for “the good life”.Anodyne: adj. expressed in a way that is unlikely to offend anyone e.g. Look at the reaction in

41、India to some fairly anodyne comments by President George W. Bush. 不妨看一看不妨看一看, 在美国总统乔治在美国总统乔治-布什布什(George W. Bush)发表了发表了一些不痛不痒的评论之后一些不痛不痒的评论之后,印度人做出了什么样的反应。印度人做出了什么样的反应。 Anodyne: n. a medicine that reduces pain. 止痛剂止痛剂Contend: v. to compete against someone in order to gain something contend for: e.g

42、. Ten teams are contending for the title.have to contend with: have to deal with something difficult or bad e.g. As the world gets warmer, humans will have to contend with more and more diseases.Contend : v. to argue or state that something is truee.g. The authors /think/believe/argue/contend/mainta

43、in/insist/assert/hold/observe/note that it is necessary to distinguish between these words. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us abou

44、t that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the search for “the good life”.有证明显示有证明显示，那些那些遭受最多痛苦的人，那些被迫和他们从未遭受最多痛苦的人，那些被迫和他们从未预料到的震撼作斗争，并且思考自己生命意义的人，也许预料到的震撼作斗争，并且思考自己生命意义的人，也许能就深奥而极具成就感的经历给予我们最多的意见。哲学能就深奥而极具成就感的经历给予我们最多的意见。哲学家们过去把这一探寻称之为家们过去把这一探寻称之为“美好的生活美好的生活”。6

45、. This broader definition of good living blends deep satisfaction and a profound connection to others through empathy. It is dominated by happy feelings but seasoned also with nostalgia（乡愁）（乡愁） and regret. “Happiness is only one among many values in human life,” contends Laura King, a psychologist a

46、t the University of Missouri in Columbia. Compassion, wisdom, altruism（无私）（无私）, insight, creativity- sometimes only the trials of adversity can foster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. To live a full human life, a tranqu

47、il, carefree existence is not enough. We also need to grow and sometimes growing hurts. The broader definition of good living blends deep satisfaction and a profound connection to others through empathy.empathy: n. Identification with and understanding of anothers situation, feelings, and motives; p

48、itye.g. Empathy, the ability to put oneself in the shoes of another, is the foundation of the moral sense.because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change.take on: To undertake or begin to handle e.g. take on extra responsibilities7. In a dark room in Q

49、ueens, New York, 31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr believed she was dying. A few months before, she had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs（免疫抑制（免疫抑制药）药） that kept her arthritis（关节炎）（关节炎） in check（受控制）（受控制）. She never anticipated what would happen: a withdrawal reaction that ev

50、entually left her in total body agony and neurological （神经系统（神经系统的）的）meltdown（彻底垮台）（彻底垮台）. The slightest movement- trying to swallow, for example - was excruciating（痛苦不堪的）（痛苦不堪的）. Even the pressure of her cheek on the pillow was almost unbearable.She had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressin

51、g drugs that kept her arthritis in check. keep/hold in check: to keep someone or something under control; to restrain someone or something. e.g. I was so angry I could hardly hold myself in check.Would you please keep your voice in check? 你将嗓门压低一点好吗你将嗓门压低一点好吗? 8. Cyr is no wimp（懦弱无用的人）（懦弱无用的人） - dia

52、gnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis（类风湿性关节炎）（类风湿性关节炎） at the age of two, she had endured the symptoms and the treatments (drugs, surgery) her whole life. But this time, she was way past her limits, and nothing her doctors did seemed to help. Either the disease was going to kill her or, pretty

53、soon, she felt she might have to kill herself.But this time, she was way past her limits. way: adv. By a great distance or to a great degree; far大大地，非常地大大地，非常地e.g. way off base; way too expensive远离基础；大大超过预算远离基础；大大超过预算9. As her sleepless nights wore on though, her suicidal thoughts began to be interr

54、upted by new feelings of gratitude. She was still in agony, but a new consciousness grew stronger each night: an awesome sense of liberation, combined with an all-encompassing feeling of sympathy and compassion. “I felt stripped of everything Id ever identified myself with,” she said six months late

55、r. “ Everything I thought Id known or believed in was useless- time, money, self-image, perception. Recognizing that was so freeing.”As her sleepless nights wore onwear on: pass slowly (of time)e.g. As the evening wear on, she become more and more nervous.I felt stripped of everything Id ever identi

56、fied myself with. strip: v. to deprive of honors, rank, office, privileges, or possessions; divest; to remove all excess detail from; reduce to essentials.e.g. It would strip your honor from you, and leave you naked.e.g. 大象剥去了树上的叶子。大象剥去了树上的叶子。Elephants strip the leaves from trees.10. Within a few mo

57、nths, she began to be able to move more freely, thanks to a cocktail of steroids and other drugs. She says now theres no question that her life is better. “felt I had been shown the secret of life and why were here: to be happy and to nurture other life. Its that simple.”Body Argument 1: (para. 6-10

58、)Happiness is only one among many values inhuman life. Sometimes only _can foster such qualities as _ because _.Example: 31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr. “I felt I hadbeen shown the secret of life and why were here: to be happyand to nurture other life. Its that simple.”the trials of adversit

59、yinsight, creativitycompassion, wisdom, altruism,Global Understandingsometimes onlydrastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change11. Her mind-blowing experience came as a total surprise. But that feeling of transformation is in some ways typical, （transitional sentence) say

60、s Rich Tedeschi, a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina in Charlotte who coined the term “ post-traumatic growth”. His studies of people who have endured extreme events, like combat, violent crime or sudden serious illness show that most feel dazed and anxious in the immediate