公共英语三级阅读题和答案

1、公共英语三级阅读题和答案StudentsofUnitedStateshistory,seekingtoidentifythecircumstancesthatencouragedtheemergenceoffeministmovements,havethoroughlyinvestigatedthemid-nineteenth-centuryAmericaneconomicandsocialconditionthataffectedthestatusofwomen.Thesehistorians,however,haveanalyzedlessfullythedevelopmentofspec

2、ificallyfeministideasandactivitiesduringthesameperiod.Furthermore,theideologicaloriginsoffeminismintheUnitedStatehavebeenobscuredbecause,evenwhenhistoriansdidtakeintoaccountthosefeministideasandactivitiesoccurringwithintheUnitedStates,theyfailedtorecognizethatfeminismwasthenatrulyinternationalmoveme

3、ntactuallycenteredinEurope.Americanfeministactivistswhohavebeendescribedasasolitary"andaindividualtheorists”wereinrealityconnectedtoamovement-utopiansocialism-whichwasalreadypopularizingfeministideasinEuropeduringthetwodecadesthatculminatedinthefirstwomen'srightsconferenceheldatSenecaFalls,

4、NewYork,in1848.Thus,acompleteunderstandingoftheoriginsanddevelopmentofnineteenthcenturyfeminismintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatthegeographicalfocusbewidenedtoincludeEuropeandthatthedetailedstudyalreadymadeofsocialconditionsbeexpandedtoincludetheideologicaldevelopmentoffeminism。Theearliestandmostpopular

5、oftheutopiansocialistsweretheSaintSimonians。ThespecificallyfeministpartofSaintSimonianismhas,however,beenlessstudiedthanthegroup'scontributiontoearlysocialism。Thisisregrettableontwocounts.By1832feminismwasthecentralconcernofSaintSimonianismandentirelyabsorbeditsadherents'energy;hence,byignor

6、ingitsfeminism,EuropeanhistorianshavemisunderstoodSaint-Simonianism。Moreover,sincemanyfeministideascanbetracedtosaintsimonianismEuropeanhistorians'appreciationoflaterfeminisminFranceandtheUnitedStatesremainedlimited.Saint-Simon'sfollowers,manyofwhomwerewomenbasedtheirfeminismonaninterpretati

7、onofhisprojecttoreorganizetheglobebyreplacingbruteforcewiththeruleofspiritualpowersoThenewworldorderwouldberuledtogetherbyamale,torepresentreflection，andafemale，torepresentsentiment.Thiscomplementarityreflectsthefactthat,whiletheSaintSimoniansdidnotrejectthebeliefthattherewereinnatedifferencesbetwee

8、nmenandwomen,theyneverthelessforesawanequallyimportantsocialandpoliticalroleforbothsexesintheirutopia.OnlyafewSaint-Simoniansopposedadefinitionofsexualequalitybasedongenderdistinction。Thisminoritybelievethatindividualsofbothsexeswerebornsimilarincapacityandcharacter,andtheyascribedmale-femalediffere

9、ncestosocializationandeducation。Theenvisionedresultofbothcurrentsofthought,however,wasthatwomenwouldenterpubliclifeinthenewageandthatsexualequalitywouldrewardmenaswellaswomenwithanimprovedwayoflife.1. ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsiderthosehistorianswhodescribeearlyfeministsintheUnitedStatesasasol

10、itary”tobeAinsufficientlyfamiliarwiththeinternationaloriginsofnineteenth-centuryAmericanfeministthought。Boverlyconcernedwiththeregionaldiversityoffeministideasintheperiodbefore1848.Cnotfocusednarrowlyenoughintheirgeographicalscope.DinsufficientlyawareoftheideologicalconsequencesoftheSenecaFallsconfe

11、rence.2. Theauthor'sattitudetowardEuropeanhistorianswhohavestudiedtheSaintSimoniansisprimarilyoneofA approvalofthespecificfocusoftheirresearch.B disapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontotheissuethatabsorbedmostoftheSaint-Simonians'energyafter1832.C approvaloftheirgeneralfocusonsocialconditions.D d

12、isapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontolinksbetweentheSaintSimoniansandtheirAmericancounterparts。3. TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingascharacteristicoftheSaintSimoniansEXCEPTA Thegroupincludedmanywomenamongitsmembers。B Thegroupbelievedinaworldthatwouldbecharacterizedbysexualequality。C Thegroupwasamongth

13、eearliestEuropeansocialistgroups。D Mostmembersbelievedthatwomenandmenwereinherentlysimilarinabilityandcharacter.4. ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheSaintSimoniansenvisionedautopiansocietyhavingwhichofthefollowingcharacteristics?AItwouldbeworldwide.BItwouldemphasizedogmaticreligiousprinciples.CItwoul

14、dmostinfluencetheUnitedStates.DItwouldhavearmiescomposedofwomenratherthanofmen.5。Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostaccuratedescriptionofthesocietyenvisionedbymostSaintSimonians?A Asocietyinwhichwomenwerehighlyregardedfortheirextensiveeducation。B Asocietyinwhichthetwogendersplayedco

15、mplementaryrolesandhadequalstatus.CAsocietyinwhichwomendidnotenterpubliclife.DAsocialorderinwhichabodyofmenandwomenwouldruletogetheronthebasisoftheirspiritualpower.1。【答案】A【考点解析】本题是一道标点符号题。通过本题题干中的“solitary"一词可将本题的答案信息中心确定在第一段第十行即第一段第四句话，通过仔细阅读和理解本句话以及本句前后的两句话，可以得出本题的正确选项Ao其实美国的女权主义运动者并不“孤单”（sol

16、itary）,因为她们的思想和行动是和欧洲大陆的女权主义者有着千丝万缕的联系，是国际女权运动的一部分。考生在解题时要善于理解标点符号，更要善于对原文的细节进行推导。2。【答案】B【考点解析】本题是一道细节推导题。根据本题题干中的"Europeanhistorians”可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第二段第四句，通过阅读本句分号前后的内容，可以推导出作者的态度是否定的，其否定原因是第二段第四句分号前半部分所表达的内容.本题的正确答案应该是Bo考生在解题时一定要注意原文细节的推导，尤其是分句之间存在因果关系的时候。3.【答案】D【考点解析】这是一道归纳推导题。但是本题的题干确没有明确给

17、出本题在原文中的准确信息来源。这时考生就会迷失答题思路。请同学们一定要记住：每当自己迷失答题思路时，一定要多想一想全文的中心主旨句和每段的主题句，这会帮助考生寻找到解题的思路。本题的正确答案应该是D,因为选项D所表达的内容和本文尾段第一、二句所表达的内容相反。选项A、B、C的内容分别在第三段第一句、第三段第二句以及第二段首句涉及。考生在解题时一定要牢记段落主题句。4。【答案】A【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。从本题题干中的“envisioned”（设想，预想）一词可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在倒数第二段第一句和第二句，因为倒数第二段第一句含有“project”（计划，规划）一词，倒数第二段第

18、二句含有表示未来的“would”一词。通过仔细阅读倒数第二段的第一、二句话，发现这两句话都包含“globe”或“world”,可见本题的正确选项应该是A.考生在解题时一定要善于利用题干中的词语迅速而准确地进行审题定位。5.【答案】B【考点解析】这是一道反推题。通过本题题干中的"mostSaint-Simonians”可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在尾段的第一句。根据尾段第一句进行反推即逆向思维，可得出本题的正确答案是B。考生在解题时一定要时时牢记反推题型，并且经常利用自己的逆向思维能力Certainanimalshaveanintuitiveawarenessofquantities

19、。Theyknowwithoutanalysisthedifferencebetweenanumberofobjectsandsasmallernumber.InhisbookTheNaturalHistoryofSelbourne(1786),thenaturalistGilbertWhitetellshowhesurreptitiouslyremovedoneeggadaytomakeupplover'snest,andhowthemotherlaidanothereggeachdaytomakeupforthemissingone.Henotedthatotherspecieso

20、fbirdsignoretheabsenceofasingleeggbutabandontheirnestifmorethanoneegghasbeenremoved.Ithasalsobeennotedbynaturalistthatacertaintypeofwaspalwaysprovidesfiveneverfour,neversix-caterpillarsforeachoftheireggssothattheiryounghavesomethingtoeatwhentheeggshatch。Researchhasalsoshownthatbothmiceandpigeonscanb

21、etaughttodistinguishbetweenoddandevennumbersoffoodpieces.Theseandsimilaraccountshaveledsomepeopletoinferthatcreaturesotherthanhumancanactuallycount。Theyalsopointtodogsthathavebeentaughttorespondtonumericalquestionswiththecorrectnumberofbarks,ortohorsesthatseemtosolvearithmeticproblembystompingtheirh

22、oovesnumberoftimes。Animalsrespondtoquantitiesonlywhentheyareconnectedtosurviveasaspecies-asinthecaseoftheeggsorsurviveasindividuals-asinthecaseoffood。ThereisontransfertoothersituationsorfromconcreterealitytotheabstractnotionofnumbersoAnimalscan“count"onlywhentheobjectsarepresentandonlywhenthenu

23、mbersinvolvedaresmallnomorethansevenoreight.Inlabexperiments,animalstrainedtocountonekindofobjectwereunabletocountanyothertype.Theobjects,notthenumbers,arewhatinterestthem.Animal'sadmittedlyremarkableachievementssimplydonotamounttoevidenceofcounting,nordotheyrevealmorethaninnateinstinct,refinedb

24、ythegenesofsuccessivegenerations,ortheresultsofclever,carefulconditioningbytrainers.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A. CarefultrainingisrequiredtoteachanimalstoperformtricksinvolvingnumbersB. AnimascannotcountmorethanonekindofobjectC. ofallanimals,dogsandhorsescancountbestDbAlthoughsomeanimalsmaybea

25、wareofquantities,theycannotactuallycount2.TheauthorreferstoGilbert'sbookinparagraph1inorderto。Ashowhowattitudeshavechangedsince1786B。Contradicttheideathatanimalscancount。C. provideevidencethatsomebirdsareawareofquantities.D. Indicatethatmoreresearchisneededinthisfield。3。Thewordasurreptitiously&q

26、uot;inline4isclosestinmeaningto.A.quicklyBosecretlyC. occasionallyD. stubbornly4.TheauthormentionsthatallofthefollowingareawareofquantitiesinsomewayEXCEpT.AploversBmiceC.caterpillarsDwasps5.Accordingtotheinformationinthepassage,whichofthefollowingisLEASTlikelytooccurasaresultofanimal'sintuitivea

27、warenessofquantities?A.Apigeonismoreattractedbyaboxcontainingtwopiecesoffoodthanbyaboxcontainingonepiece.BoWhenaskedbyitstrainerhowolditis,amonkeyholdsupfivefingersCWhenoneofitsfourkittenscrawlsaway,amothercatmissesitandsearchesforthemissingkitten.D.Alionfollowsoneantelopeinsteadofaherdofantelopesbe

28、causeitiseasiertohuntasingleprey.解析：1。D文章中介绍了某些动物很惊人的数字能力.但是无论怎样，他们对数字的感觉也只是一种本能.2。C作者举这个例子是为了证明他所提出的某些动物能够认知某些东西的数量3。B根据上下文以及我们的常识，观察动物的习性是需要很长时间，而且应该是隐蔽的。4。CIthasalsobeennotedbynaturalistthatacertaintypeofwaspalwaysprovidesfive-neverfour,neversixcaterpillarsforeachoftheireggs。5。BWhenaskedbyitstrai

29、nerhowolditis,amonkeyholdsupfivefingers.无论猴子的反应是什么样子，都只是一种反复训练之后的一种本能的反映。而不是真正的说出他的年龄.Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions，estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactionto

30、implementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedaintuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking。Generationsofwritersonmanage

31、menthaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition。Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis。Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness。Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers'in

32、tuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways。First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists。Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwelllearnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly。Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperienc

33、ethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan"Aha!"experience。Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis。Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andtho

34、sewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassindepthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneous

35、cognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking"isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“knoWwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoacti

36、oninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert。Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmo

37、reaboutanissue。Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue。Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.1. Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTtoA speedupofthe

38、creationofasolutiontoaproblem.B identifyaproblem.C bringtogetherdisparatefacts。D stipulatecleargoals。2. Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheawritersonmanagemedtmentionedinline1,paragraph2?A Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.BTheyhavenotbasedth

39、eiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.C Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.D Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions。3. Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifference

40、inbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?AManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.BManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.C ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblemManager

41、Ydoesnot.D ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhandsonexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot.4。Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?A Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis。B Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions。C Managers'

42、;intuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.DIntuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.5。Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?A Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven。B Aconventionalmodelisdismissedanda

43、nalternativeintroduced。C Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.D Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.1 .【答案】D【考点解析】这是一道归纳推导题.本题题干中的“seniormanagers”暗示本题的答案信息在第三段，因为第三段首句包含题干中的"seniormanagers”.通过仔细阅读和理解本段中所谈到的五点，我们可推导出本题的正确选项是选项D.本题选项A、B、C所涉及的内容分别在本段的第五点、第一点和第三点提到.考生在解题

44、时一定要学会认真归纳和总结原文所表达的每一层含义。2。【答案】D【考点解析】这是一道句间关系题。题干已将本题的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的第二句是本题答案信息的最主要来源，通过阅读和理解此句，我们可推导出本题的正确选项是Do考生在解题时一定要适当理解上下句之间的关系。3 .【答案】C【考点解析】本题是一道审题定位题.题干中的"whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions"暗示本题的答案信息在第四段，因为第四段首句含有和题干中“whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions”大致相同的theintuitivestyleofexecuti

45、vemanagemernt。通过仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话，我们可发现第四段的第一句话都在强调“act”（行动），可见本题的正确选项应该是强调行动的选项Q本题的答案信息来源是第四段的第二句话。考生在解题时一定要首先准确地审题定位，然后要善于归纳和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。4 .【答案】D【考点解析】本题是一道审题定位题.题干中并没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文的准确位置。在这种情况下，考生往往迷失解题思路。在考生迷失解题思路时一定要牢记全文中心主旨，并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句.如果考生能够抓住第一段的尾句，并结合第三段的第四、五句，就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D

46、。考生在解题时，尤其是在迷失解题思路时，一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句，同时还要抓一些明确表示启承转合关系的句子结构。5。【答案】B【考点解析】本题是一道段落结构题.第一句话中的“donot"和第二句句首的“rather”是破解本题的关键。抓住这两个关键就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是B。考生在解题时一定要注意表示否定的词语以及表示启承转合的词语，更要注意句子之间的相互关系。KitchenDesignOvertheyearseconomic,socialandtechnologicalfactorshaveinfluencedthedesignofkitchens.Sinceitiso

47、ftenusedsimultaneouslybybothfamilymembersaswellasguests,thekitchenrequiresnotonlyaglamorouslookbutapracticalone。Also,thedesignelementsmustmeettheneedsofthemodernfamily。Environmentalconcernshavehadanenormousimpactonkitchendesign。Thisconcernincludesrecyclingofhouseholdmaterial,aswellasenergyefficienta

48、ppliancesandthepurityofbothwaterandair.Researchshowsthatupto85percentofthepopulationisconcernedaboutwhatmightbeintheirdrinkingwater。Theyarealsooftendissatisfiedwiththetasteandodorofwhatcomesoutoftheirtap。Thisiswhyit'simportanttoconsideraddingawaterfiltersystem.Thecharacteroftoday'skitchenisv

49、erydifferentfromthewayitwasthirtyyearsago.There'smoresophisticationinfoodpreparation,andmoretechnologicalhelpwithcookingandclean-up.Whenchoosingcabinets,firstconsiderthestyle。Usethearchitecturalstyleofyourhouseasaguide。Becausecabinetsareabiginvestment,itisbesttochoosequality。Popularstylesinkitch

50、encabinetsareframedpaneldoorswithraisedorrecessedpanelsofwood,cabinetfrontswithglasspanes,orsimpleslabdoorsinarichpaintedorlaminatedfinish。Cabinetpulls,don'tbeafraidtomixandmatchstyles.Becausemanyoftoday'skitchensconsistoftwoofmorecookssharinginthemealpreparation,thereisaneedformorecountersp

51、ace,cooktopsandsinksAlthoughlifestylesarechanging,theprimaryfunctionofthekitchenasanareaforpreparingfoodhasremainedunchanged.Thesinkremainsoneofthemostusedareasinthekitchenaswellasanimportantdecorativestatement.AppliancetechnologyismovingataveryfastpaceChoosingwhattypeofappliancesaswellashowmanywill

52、dependonseveralfactorssuchashowoftenandhowmuchyoucookandthesizeofyourkitchen.Don'tlimityourselftooneofeachkindofapplianceYoucanhavearefrigeratorinoneplaceandafreezerinaseparateareaortwosetsofcooktops,oneonthecounternexttothewallovenandoneonanisland.Youcanevenhavetwodishwashersifsizeandbudgetrequ

53、ireandpermit-thinkofitassavingtimeinthelongrun.1. Awelldesignedkitchenshouldbemodern,beautifulandpracticalatthesametime.AoRightB.WrongC.Notmentioned2. Beingharmlesstotheenvironmentisthetoppriorityinkitchendesign.AoRightB.WrongC。Notmentioned3. Qualitymattersthemostwhenyouarechoosingkitchencabinets.Ao

54、RightB。WrongC。Notmentioned4。Morecounterspace,cooktopsandsinkareneededintoday'skitchensbecausefoodpreparationismorecomplicatedthanitusedtobe。A.RightB。WrongC.Notmentioned5. Thedesignofthesinkisindicativeofakitchendesigner'sintelligenceA.RightB。WrongC.Notmentioned6. Meansofsavinglabor,appliance

55、sshouldbereplacedwhenevernewmodelscomeoutA.RightB。WrongC。Notmentioned7. ItistheamountoftimeyoucanspendinthekitchenthatdecideshowmanyappliancesofthesamekindyoushouldbuyAoRightB.WrongC.Notmentioned1。A2。C3A4.B5.A6.C7.BThreeattitudestolife_1_.Youmayapproachlifewiththephilosophyofthevegetable,inwhichcase

56、yourlifewillconsistinbeingborn,eating,drinking,sleepingmating,growingold,anddying。_2_.Agreatmanyso-calledsuccessfulmenandwomenbelievethatlifeisabusiness,andtheyarrangetheirconductandbehavioraccordingly.Ifyoubelievethatlifeisabusinessyourfirstquestionoflife,naturally,is“whatdoIgetoutofit?”_3_。Thegrea

57、tmajorityofhumanbeingstodaylookatlifeasifitwereabusiness。_4_.Thethirdattitudetowardlifeistheapproachoftheartist.Herethebasicphilosophyis“whatcanIputintoit?",andthebasicrelationoftheindividualtohisfollow-menisoneofcooperationandcommonsense。_5_。Themoreweinvestigateandthemorewelearnaboutlivingthemorewebecomeconvincedthattheartisticattitudeistheonlyonewhichisconsistentwithhumanhappiness.A.Inawordbasedonthisattitude,happinessbec