高考英语 句子成分与句型ppt课件

1、英语的词性： 名词(nouns) n. 代词(pronoun) pron.实词 数词(numeral) num. 形容词(adjective) adj. 或a. 副词(adverb) adv. 动词(verb) v 冠词(article) art虚词 介词(preposition) prep. 连词(conjunction) conj. 助词(auxiliary) aux.一、介绍与其重要性一、介绍与其重要性 句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种： 主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、主语、

2、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语状语、同位语, 主语补足语和宾语补足语。主语补足语和宾语补足语。 学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。英语的句子成分： 一）一） 主语：是一个句子所叙述的主题，主语：是一个句子所叙述的主题， Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in p

3、ublic places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.二谓语由二谓语由_担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。说明主语所做的动作或状态词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。说明主语所做的动作或状态.动词动词有着各种时态的变化有着各种时态的变化 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.

4、动词动词/动词短语动词短语名词名词代词代词数词数词to do不定式不定式doing动名词动名词句子句子（三宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。 She covered her face with her hands. We havent seen her for a long time. Do you mind opening the window? Give me four please. He wants to dream a nice dream. We need know what others are doing. We should care

5、 more about our friends. 动词动词/动词短语动词短语介词介词名词名词 n代词代词 pron动名词动名词代词和数词代词和数词to do不定式不定式句子句子介词介词+名词名词宾语种类：宾语种类： （1双宾语间接宾语双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语）直接宾语） You lend me your dictionary. My mother bought my brother a computer. （2复合宾语宾语复合宾语宾语+宾语补足语）宾语补足语） They elected him their monitor. I find the homework difficult to fi

6、nish.（四表语 它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_, _的. My father is a professor. Whos that? Its me. Everything here is expensive. The match became very exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others. Three times five is fifteen. His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hide your

7、 feelings. 系动词、连系动词系动词、连系动词性质性质特征特征形状形状名词名词 n代词代词 pron形容词形容词 adjadj介词短语介词短语数词数词to do不定式不定式句子句子 常见的系动词有常见的系动词有: be(am,is,are,were,was), look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound, keep,stay,become,get,grow,come,go, .The cake tastes nice.The water feels cold.These stories sound interesting.（五） 定语 是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常

8、放在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。 They are woman workers. Toms father didnt write home until yesterday. Mary is a beautiful girl. The play has three acts. This is her first trip to Europe. China is a developing country. I have nothing to eat. Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names he

9、re. 名名前前后后 名词名词名词所有格名词所有格形容词形容词 adj数词数词形容词形容词 /序数词序数词 /to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingto do 不定式不定式从句从句(六状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，六状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地点、时间、说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地点、时间、缘由、目的、结果、条件、退让、伴随情况等。缘由、目的、结果、条件、退让、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. I left the village five years ago. I arrive

10、d late because of the traffic jam . Well send a car to fetch you. The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. If he goes, so will I . Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语条件状

11、语条件状语让步状语让步状语七宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。 They elected me captain of the team. We try to make our country strong. We found everything in good order there. I should advise you to get the chance. I saw him going upstairs. They found the house broken in.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语to do 不定式不定式现

12、在分词现在分词 doingdone 过去分词过去分词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构的复合结构(八主语补足语八主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语I was elected captain of the team. Our country will be made strong.与宾语补足语一样与宾语补足语一样同位语：同位语： I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓

13、语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语一一) 挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? The old man sitting at the gate said that he was ill.一个完整的句子做宾语，那么这个句子叫宾语从句。一个完整的句子做宾语，那么这个句子叫宾语从句。(二二) 挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语- The old man

14、 was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.- My dream is that I can be admitted into a key university.一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表语从句。一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表语从句。(三三) 挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your last name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to clea

15、n the floor.3. The man in the gym was trying to sleep.4.Gym is a place where you can exercise and have fun.一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表语从句。一个完整的句子做表语，那么这个句子叫表语从句。(四四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw

16、 Mr. Wang get on the bus.(五五) 挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. He began to learn English when he was eleven.一个完整的句子做状语，那么这个句子叫状语从句。一个完整的句子做状语，那么这个句子叫状语从句。试一试：(一一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词指出下列句中主语的中心词

17、. The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. (二二). 选出句中谓语的中心词选出句中谓语的中心词. I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B

18、. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porr

19、idge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is

20、B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book 三三) 挑出下列句中的宾语）挑出下列句中的宾语） My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the

21、students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas“ really

22、is. (四四) 挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语. The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. (五五) 挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语 . They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name What is your given name?

23、On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语. She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy o

24、ut of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. (七) 挑出下列句中的状语. There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling to fast. Wi

25、th the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last

26、 week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me? 直宾指物 间宾指人英语句子的类型英语句子的类型 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句只有一个主谓结构只有一个主谓结构有两个或两个以上主谓结构有两个或两个以上主谓结构一个主句加一个或几个从句一个主句加一个或几个从句二二.五种简单基本句型五种简单基本句型 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾

27、语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语动词动词系动词系动词不及物动词不及物动词及物动词及物动词主语主语+系系+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语 Nobody went. She became a doctor. The car caught fire. I will write you a long letter. I will let him go.1Our city is at the crossing of some important railways. 主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 2The city will become rich. 主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语在这类结构中最常用的系动词

28、是：在这类结构中最常用的系动词是： “变化类：变化类：_. “感官类感官类: _. “继续类：继续类：_. 其他：（似乎其他：（似乎_ _ (证明是证明是)_get/ become/ turn/grow/gotaste/ smell/ feel/look/soundstay/ keep/remainseem appearturn out/ prove(to be)1主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语表语Exercises 你的故事听起来很有趣。 _. 把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。 _. 这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。 _. 这个计划证明是可行的。 _.Your story sounded

29、very interesting.Put the fish into fridge, or they will go bad.The hot day will remain/stay/ keep a few days.The plan turned out/proved （to be) practical.2主语 + 谓语1Building has started. 主语 谓语2The train leaves at 7:40. 主语 谓语 搭配：The teacher teaches well. The child walks very slowly. 搭配：The girl looked

30、at the picture. The children ran to the forest.动词副词动词副词动词介词动词介词Exercise我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘 里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴. _ _.Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.The birds sings happily in the tree, the fish plays freely in the pool and I also enjoys myself.3主语 + 谓语 + 宾语

31、1The boss employed five more workers. 主语 谓语 宾2My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.3Few students like taking exams.4He forgot to close the door.5I hope I can speak English fluently. Exercise 他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。_. 他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。_. 他许诺给我一个礼物。_.He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.

32、He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.He promised to give me a gift.可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, buy, promise 顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_. 下学期谁教你们生物？_. Mr. White告诉我为什么他要出国。_.By the way, has she paid you money?Who will teach you biology?Mr. White told me why h

33、e went abroad.4主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语1He has fetched us some new textbooks. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语2Grandma cooked us a nice meal. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 3The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject. 4The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.5主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语1The villagers didnt allow them to d

34、o this. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 2I will keep the box in the shade. 3We found him a very good pupil.4She let me stay in the company.Exercise 他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。 _. 我建议他多读点书。 _. 他修了机器。 _. 我们选他当班长。 _.He always keeps his room cleanI suggest him reading more books.He had his machine repaired.We made him monitor.分析下列

35、句子基本结构1.Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you.3. All of us considered him honest.4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6.He made it clear that he would leave the city.7. I love you more than her, child.8. Trees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open.10.Grammer told me an interesting story last night.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12. All the students think highly of his teaching.13.We need a place twice lar