2021年河北衡水高中英语新高考外刊作文素材阅读讲义(030)(积累词汇、提升阅读理解写作能力)

1、2021年河北衡水高中英语新高考外刊作文素材阅读讲义(030)World tradeA plan to save the WTOGlobal trade is in grave danger. But there is still a chance of a rescue世界贸易世贸组织拯救计划全球贸易深陷危机，但仍有拯救机会graveADJ/greiv/so serious that you feel worried 严重的;沉重的The situation is very grave and appears to be deteriorating.情况非常严重，而且看起来正在恶化。THE

2、headquarters of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), on the banks of Lake Geneva, once belonged to the League of Nations. That ill-fated body was crippled by American isolationism. The buildings occupant today is also at the mercy of decisions taken in Washington.headquartersNOUN/i hed 1 kwo：tez/the

3、place where a company or organization has its main officescan be followed by a singular or plural verb （公司或组织的）总部所在地（后可接动词的单数 或复数形式）The UN headquarters are in New York.联合国的总部在纽约。+ ofthe St Petersburg headquarters of the National Republican Party全国共和党在圣彼得斯堡的总部ill-fatedADJ MAINLY JOURNALISM/ il feitid

4、/likely to end in failure or death倒写的；可能以失败（或死亡）告终的a passenger aboard the ill-fated flight这次倒霉航班上的一位乘客crippleVERB T/kripl/to destroy something or damage it severely 严重损坏（或毁坏）The war had crippled the country1 s economy.战争使该国经济陷于瘫痪。isolationismNOUN U/laisa1 leijni iz（s）m/a country1 s policy of not hav

5、ing political or economic relationships with other countries 孤立主义occupantNOUN C/ okjopsnt/someone who uses a room . building , area of land , seat, bed r or other place during a period of time （某段时间内的）使用者,占用者,居住者All the current occupants have lived in the building a long time.这栋楼房里目前所有的住户都已经住了很长时间了。

6、The occupants of the second car suffered minor injuries.第二辆轿车上的人受了点轻伤。at the mercy of phrasein a situation that is controlled by someone or something with the power to harm youWorkers are entirely at the mercy of dishonest employers.Geneva日内瓦位于日内瓦湖畔的世界贸易组织（以下简称WTO ）总部曾经是国际联盟的所在地。当年，这个命运多舛的机构因美国的孤立主义

7、而难以发挥作用。这幢大楼如今的住户同样 难逃华盛顿决策的左右。President Donald Trump has circumvented the WTO to impose tariffs on steel and aluminium imports, including those from Americas allies. Complaining of unfair treatment, the administration is blocking nominations to seats on the WTO s appellate body, which could leave i

8、t unable to hear cases after 2019. Most ominously, America is embroiled in a trade war with China. Both sides have imposed tariffs on goods worth tens of billions of dollars and are threatening worse.circumventVERB T FORMAL/i S3： k9m1 vent/to find a way of avoiding a rule or law that limits you , es

9、pecially using a clever trick that does not break the law （尤指机智地）回避，规避（规定或法律）Advertising restrictions are easily circumvented.广告限制条例很容易被规避。aluminiumNOUN U/laels1 minism/a light silver-coloured metal that is used for making things such as pans for cooking 铝an aluminium can铝罐importNOUNC a product from

10、 another country , that is bought with money from your country进口（商）品；进口货物China must produce more food to reduce its reliance on imports.中国必须生产更多的粮食以减轻对进口的依赖。cheap imports from Eastern Europe从东欧进口的廉价商品oil/food/coal imports进口石油/食品/煤炭ap pel-late 上诉的/a1 pelst/ adj , always used before a nounlaw : having

11、 the power to review and change the decisions of a lower courtan appellate courtappellate judgesominousADJ/ominas/making you think that something bad will happen 不祥的；不吉的There was an ominous silence.有一种不祥的静寂。embroiledADJ/imbroild/involved in a difficult situation 卷入的+ inWe must avoid becoming embroil

12、ed in another scandal.我们必须避免卷入另一场丑闻。allyNOUN/* aelai/C a country that makes an agreement with another country that they will work together to help each other, especially in a war （尤指战争中的）盟国，同盟 国the United States and its European allies美国及其欧洲盟国nominationNOUN/i norm 1 nei Jn/C/U an official suggestion

13、 that someone should get a job or prize , or the decision to give them a job or prize 提名;推荐 worseADV/W3：S/1 more badly更坏；更糟They played even worse in the second half.他们在下半场比赛中打得更差。2more severely 更严重The leg seemed to be hurting worse than ever.腿似乎比以前痛得更厉害了。美国总统特朗普已经绕过WTO对进口钢铁和铝材征收关税，包括来自美国盟国的进 口。特朗普政府

14、埋怨WTO对美国不公，因而阻挠WTO上诉机构任命新法官，这可能导 致该机构在2019年之后无法审理案件。最不妙的是，美国正与中国大打贸易战，双方都 已对价值数百亿美元的商品征收了关税，并威胁狠招还在后头。The WTO was supposed to contain trade disputes and prevent retaliatory pile-ups. Today it appears to be a horrified bystander as the system it oversees crumbles. Free-traders are right to be deeply

15、worried, but not yet right to despair. For the outlines of a plan to save the system are discernible.pile-upnouna road accident involving several vehicles crashing into each other连环车祸；连续撞车：Three people died in a multiple pile-up in freezing fog.有三人死于零冻结引起的连环车祸中。containto prevent something harmful fr

16、om spreading to other people or places 遏制;阻止Firefighters are still battling to contain the blaze.消防队员们仍在奋力控制火势。Strong measures are urgently needed to contain the epidemic.急需强有力的措施来遏制这种传染病的传播。retaliatoryADJ FORMAL/ri taeli8t（9）n/intended to do something harmful or unpleasant to someone because theyha

17、ve done something harmful or unpleasant to you 才艮复;以牙还牙retaliatory attacks/measures报复性的攻击/措施bystanderNOUN C/ba 11 st美nd。/someone who is in a particular place by chance when an accident or anunusual event happens but who is not directly connected with it 旁观者;局夕卜人innocent bystanderThree innocent bysta

18、nders were wounded in the explosion.3名无辜的旁观者在爆炸中受伤horrified UK horifaid US hori ifaid adjectivevery shocked or frightenedPolice were horrified to discover a childs body in the empty building.crumbleto stop existing or being effective 崩溃;瓦解;消失My determination crumbled as soon as I saw her.我一看见她决心就荡然无

19、存。The government seemed powerlessf unable to prevent its weak economy from crumbling further.政府显得很软弱，无法阻止其低迷的经济进一步崩溃。despair英 dispea 美 dispcrn.绝望；令人绝望的人或事vi.绝望，丧失信心outlineNOUN C/ aotlain/an explanation that includes the general points about something , but not the details概要；梗概；要点We hope this leaflet

20、 will provide a basic outline.我们希望这本小册子能提供一个基本的梗概。a broad/general/rough outline大体的概要+ ofThe chairman gave them a brief outline of the museum1 s history.主席向他们简要介绍了该博物馆的历史。discernibleADJ/di1 S3： nabl/able to be seen , noticed, or understood看得清的；觉察得出的；可理解的a discernible improvement in the patient s cond

21、ition病人病情的明显好转A small boat was clearly discernible in the middle of the lake.一条小船在湖中央清晰可见。WTO本应遏制贸易争端并防止冤冤相报。但如今WTO就像一个旁观者，惊恐地看 看自己监管下的体系分崩瓦解。主张自由贸易的人士有理由深感忧虑，但还无需绝望。因 为挽救该体系的计划还是大体可见。Its the end of the WTO as we know itThat might seem fanciful, given Mr Trumps belligerence / but for two things. The

22、 first is that the president is not the only person forging American trade policy. The European Union and Japan have been talking to Robert Lighthizerf his low-profile chief trade negotiator, about WTO reform. Mr Trumps tirades make headlines, but Mr Lighthizer wants to remake the WTO, not abandon i

23、t entirely. He could use the presidents threats as leverage to make deals. Think of it as a good cop/bad cop routine, albeit one in which the bad cop has only a faint grasp that he has been allotted the role.fancifulADJ/fnsifl/1 not serious or sensible 幻想的；怪诞的What a fanciful suggestion!一个多么奇怪的建议！2 u

24、nusual and complicated rather than plain and practical 奇异的;花哨的new fanciful styles of architecture花哨的新建筑风格givenPREPOSITION/ givn/because of a particular fact 如果;倘若Given x=10, then x+3 = 13.如果x=10,那么x + 3 = 130+ (that)Given that conflict is inevitable, we need to learn how to manage it.如果冲突是不可避免的，那么我们

25、就要学会如何处理它。belligerentADJ/bslidsarant/1 very unfriendly and angry敌对的；怒气冲冲的belligerent behaviour敌对的行为2formal at war with someone 交战中的but for phraseexcept for somethingThe work was now complete, but for a final coat of paint.forgeverbVN to put a lot of effort into making sth successful or strong so tha

26、t it will last艰苦干成；努力加强：a move to forge new links between management and workers努力建立劳资新关系的措施Strategic alliances are being forged with major European companies.正与欧洲主要公司设法结成战略同盟。She forged a new career in the music business.她在乐坛上另创一番新事业。leverageNOUN U/livsrids/the power to make someone do what you wan

27、t 力量;影响good cop/bad cop一个唱红脸，一个唱黑脸的，软硬两手交替使用的Successful management requires a variation of the good cop ,bad cop ” routine.成功的管理者需要软硬兼施，恩威并重。Good cop/bad copn routine, also called joint questioning or friend and foe, is a psychological tactic used in negotiation and interrogation, Good cop/bad cop t

28、actics involve a team of two interrogators who take apparently opposing approaches to the subject. The interrogators may interview the subject alternately or may confront the subject at the same time.好警察坏警察好警察坏警察(Good cop/bad cop)是一种审讯中的心理策略，英国军界称为马特和 杰夫(Mutt and Jeff,源于一部同名美国报纸漫画专栏)，亦叫做联合询问或朋友和敌人 法

29、。相关的策略包括伊索寓言中的北风和太阳，美国总统罗斯福的胡萝卜加大棒外交 政策，德意志帝国首相俾斯麦采用的“甜面包和鞭子政策。好警察坏警察策略采用两个审讯者一组，他们看起来对被亩讯者的态度对立。两个亩 讯者可以交替审讯受亩者，也可以一起对付受审者。坏警察”采用一种对受审者进攻性， 负面的立场，提出严重的指控罪名，呵斥，威胁，通常引起受亩者对他的反感。这提供了 好警察”来表演同情戏的舞台：他显得支持受审者，体谅，通常表现出对受审者的同情。 好警察也会保护受亩者不受坏警察的侵犯。出于信任或者对坏警察的恐惧，受审者可能会 觉得他可以和好警察合作。他也会寻求好警察的帮助，信任他，并把警察要得到的信息和

30、 盘托出。albeitCONJUNCTION FORMALused for introducing a comment that slightly changes or reduces the effect of what you said before it 尽管;即使The United States finally agreed, albeit unwillingly, to support the UN action.美国尽管不乐意，但最终还是同意支持联合国的行动。graspNOUN/grasp/the ability to understand something 理解力；领悟力ha

31、ve/get a grasp of sthThe government has no grasp of their suffering.政府未能理解他们的痛苦。a good/firm/poor grasp of sthShe has a good grasp of English.她对英语的领悟力很好。allotVERB T/91 lot/to give someone part of an amount of something that is available , or decide that something will be used for a specific purpose （

32、按份额）分酉己，指定，拨出How many students finished the test in the allotted time?多少学生在指定时间内完成了测试？我们熟知的WTO已走到尽头以特朗普的好斗，说WTO有教似乎是异想天开,但要注意两件事。首先，总统不是 美国贸易政策的唯一决策者。欧盟和日本一直在与特朗普低调的首席贸易谈判代表罗伯 特莱特希泽(Robert Lighthizer)就WTO的改革展开磋商。虽然特朗普的各种激烈言 论占据了新闻头条，但莱特希泽还是希望重塑WTO,而不是完全放弃。他可以将特朗普 的威胁用作谈判的筹码。这就等于一个唱红脸一个唱白脸，只不过唱白脸的那位没

33、怎么意 识到自己拿到了这个角色。The second thing to understand is that the focus of much of Americas ire, China, arouses deep suspicion elsewhere, too (see Briefing). Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has not turned towards markets 转向市场机制，as the West expected. Instead, it has distorted trade on a scale that is f

34、ar bigger than the dumping and other causes of disputes between market economies 市场经济体 that the WTO was designed to handle.ireNOUN U VERY FORMAL/ai9/anger愤怒；怒火arouseVERB T/91raoz/to cause an emotion or attitude 弓I起;激起;唤起These rumours have aroused intense interest among investors.这些传言引起了投资者的极大兴趣。a co

35、ntroversial plan that is sure to arouse strong opposition肯定会引起强烈反对的颇有争议的计划dumping这里指的是倾销the act of getting rid of dangerous waste material in a place that is not safe危险物质的倾倒，倾泻：The government has promised to stop dumping by the state-owned chemical plants.政府已保证停止国有化工厂的倾倒行为。第二个要明白的是，美国的怨怒大多指向中国，而中国在其

36、他地区也引发了深深的质 疑。自2001年加入WTO以来，中国并没像西方预期的那样转向市场机制。相反，中国 扭曲了贸易，程度远超过倾销和引起市场经济体之间争端的其他缘由，而WTO本是用来 处理这些争端的。The EU and Japan share Americas desire to constrain Chinese mercantilism. Chinas state-owned firms and its vast and opaque subsidies have distorted markets and caused gluts in supply for commodities

37、such as steel. Foreign firms operating in China struggle against heavy-handed regulation, and are required to hand over their intellectual property as a condition of market access.constrainVERB T FORMAL/kanstrein/to limit someone* s freedom to do what they want B艮带!J ;约束We are always constrained by

38、our budget.我们总是受到预算的约束。planning regulations that constrain development限制发展的规划章程mercantilismnounUthe economic theory that trade increases wealth重商主义，商业本位（认为商业可增加财富）opaqueADJ/so1peik/lopaque glass f liquid etc is difficult to see through （玻璃、液体等）不透明的, 不透光的2difficult to understand 晦涩的;难解的subsidyNOUN C/

39、 SAbsadi/an amount of money that the government or another organization pays to help to reduce the cost of a product or service 补贴;津贴;补助金The government pays subsidies to farmers to produce particular crops.政府向生产特定农作物的农民提供补贴。a housing subsidy住房补贴glutNOUN/glAt/an available amount of something that is

40、more than people want or need 供 过于求+ ofa glut of cars on the market市场上的汽车供过于求commodityNOUN C/ks1 modsti/1 something that can be bought and sold , especially basic food products or fuel （尤指食物、燃料等）商品2something that is useful or necessary 有用的东西；必需品Time is our most valuable commodity.时间是最有价值的东西。heavy-ha

41、ndedADJ/i hevi 1 haendid/using too much force or not considering people s feelings enough when dealing with a situation严厉的;暴虐的;高压的hand overto give something to someone by holding it in your hand and offering it to themAlbert bowed and handed over the letter.hand something over to someone: He handed

42、the car keys over to Stella.与美国一样，欧盟和日本也想限制中国的重商主义。中国的国企以及中国政府庞大而 不透明的补贴机制扭曲了市场，导致钢铁等大宗商品供过于求。在华外国企业在严苛的监 管下求存，还要交出知识产权以求进入市场。But holding China to account is hard with the existing rule book. The reforms being talked about by the EU, Japan and America could plug many of the gaps. They would set out

43、how to judge the scale of government distortions to the market make it easier to gather information on wrongdoing and set the boundaries for proportionate retaliation. They would also define what exactly counts as an arm of the government, and broaden the scope of banned subsidies. And they would lo

44、wer the burden of proof for complainants, which, given the opacity of the Chinese system, is too high.bring/call/hold sb to account formalto make someone explain publicly why they made a mistake or committed a crime , especially so that they can be criticized or punished for it尤指作为批评或惩罚而）要求某人对自己的错误（

45、或罪行）作出公开解释rulebookNOUN C/ruJibuk/a book that contains all the rules of an organization or a game 规贝!J手册plug the gapto provide what is missing from something填补空缺The Home Secretary has ruled out immediate tax increases to plug the gap.内政大臣已经排除了立即增加税收以填补此缺口的可能性。set outto explain, describe, or arrange s

46、omething in a clear and detailed way, especially in writingIn his report he sets out his plans for the department.wrongdoing NOUN C FORMAL /rogidu io/behaviour that is illegal or not moral 违法；犯罪；不道德的行为arma part of an organization that deals with a particular subject or activity （机 构的）职能部门the retaili

47、ng arm of the business公司的零售部an arm of the Justice Department司法部的一个职能部门complainant not from lower tariffs in Americathey were already lowbut from the certainty of stable trading relationships. Its “Made in China 2025 plan to boost vital industries sounds threatening, but if China were obliged to prod

48、uce everything at home, its time frame would be delayed by decades. Sure enough, China and the EU agreed on July 16th to co-operate on WTO reform (see China section).sunnyh叩py开心的；快活的；快乐的It was always good to see her sunny smile.看到她快乐的笑容总是会令人开心。a sunny disposition (=character)开朗的性格optimistNOUN C/opti

49、mist/someone who tends to expect that good things will happen 乐观主义者 jeopardize VERB T/dsepaidaiz/to risk damaging or destroying something important 危及;使陷于险境Cuts in funding could jeopardize this vital research work.资金的削减可能危及这一至关重要的研究工作。havocNOUN U/ heevak/a situation in which there is a lot of damage

50、 or destruction , or in which something cannot continue in its normal way because of problems 大破坏;大毁 坏cause/create havoc (=cause a lot of damage or harm)Winter storms continued to cause havoc for drivers.造成大破坏wreak havocFloods have wreaked havoc on the town.洪水给该镇造成了巨大的破坏cementVERB T/sa1 ment/to make

51、 a relationship , idea etc stronger or more certain 力口强，巩固(关系、 看法等)The aim of the president s visit was to cement relations between the two countries.总统来访的目的是要巩固两国之间的关系legitimacyNOUN U/li dsitimasi/1the fact that something is legal 合法（性）Several countries have questioned the legitimacy of the new gov

52、ernment.几个国家已对这个新政府的合法性提出了质疑。2the fact that something is fair and reasonable 公正合理（性）time framenounthe length of time that is used or available for sth（用于某事的）一段时间即使是最积极的乐观主义者也能看出这项计划面临的阻碍。最明显的就是，中国为什 么要接受一项危及其国营经济模式的改革？说白了，那是因为中国不这么做，美国就会大 肆破坏。维护全球贸易秩序符合中国的利益，如果中国被孤立，共产党就无法实现国家的 繁荣发展，也就难以巩固其执政地位。中国加入

53、WTO的好处不在于出口美国的低关税（之 前就已经很低了），而在于确保建立稳定的贸易关系。意在推动关键行业发展的“中国制 造2025计划听起来咄咄逼人，但如果中国被迫要在国内生产一切产品，那么实现目标的 时间将要推后数十年。不出所料，中国和欧盟已于本月16日就联手改革WTO达成一致。 即使是最积极的乐观主义者也能看出这项计划面临的阻碍。最明显的就是，中国为什么要 接受一项危及其国营经济模式的改革？说白了，那是因为中国不这么做，美国就会大肆破 坏。维护全球贸易秩序符合中国的利益，如果中国被孤立，共产党就无法实现国家的繁荣 发展，也就难以巩固其执政地位。中国加入WTO的好处不在于出口美国的低关税（之

54、前 就已经很低了），而在于确保建立稳定的贸易关系。意在推动关键行业发展的“中国制造 2025”计划听起来咄咄逼人，但如果中国被迫要在国内生产一切产品，那么实现目标的时 间将要推后数十年。不出所料，中国和欧盟已于本月16日就联手改革WTO达成一致。Reaching a global agreement that covered every one of the WTOs 164 members would also be extremely difficult. The last big round of global trade talks stalled over demands by de

55、veloping economies such as India for more leeway to protect farmers. New negotiations may be held hostage to these old disputes. Luckily, negotiators can skip around them if necessary, by securing a “plurilateral“ agreement between a group of big economies. The WTO would still enforce the termsf tho

56、ugh they would not apply to its other members.stallto refuse to answer or decide something in order to gain more time 支吾；搪 塞Do you know who it was? Not yet / I stalled.你知道是谁吗？还不知道，我支吾道。+ on/overEach side accused the other of stalling on planned prisoner exchanges.双方都指责对方拖延已安排好的战俘交换计划demands plural t

57、he things that need to be done in a particular situation 要求的事+ Ofthe demands of his new job他那份新工作的要求demands on (=what someone has to do)Despite demands on her time, she was always courteous to everyone.对的要求leewayNOUN U/ li wei/the amount of freedom that someone has to make their own decisions or to take action （可供某人自主作决定或采