八级下英语知识点

1、lesson11. What's the weather like today?How is the weather?snow+y 构成，类似的词还有：这句是用来询问天气的一个常用句子，还可以说成：2.It will be snowy and hot today.snowy 是形容词，意思是有雪的，雪大的。它是由名词cloudy;rainy;sunny;windy;icy;foggy;thirsty;dirdy;healthy;3. What's the temperature?问温度是多少时，不用how manymuch，要用 what4.1 hope not.它的肯定形式为

2、 I hope so.类似的表达法有： I'm afraid so.I'm afraid not. I think soI don't think so.5.I'm scared of thunder.be scared of sb.sth害怕某人或某物。这里scared是过去分词，作形容词。如:I'm scared of wild animals.scare 还可以作动词。如: You scared me.lesson21. What's the date today?It's March twenty-first.What's

3、 the date?是用来询问日期的一个常用句子，也可以说成：What is today's date?如果询问星期要用 What day is today?What day is it today?2.In spring,the weather becomes warmer.become是系动词，与get一样，常接形容词作表语；与get不同的是它还可以接名词作表语， 表示身份的变化。 应为: 成为。如: The days are becominggetting longer in summer. He became a lawyer in 1998.3. The temperatur

4、e goes up! go up 意思是上升，与 rise 同义，与 go down 或 set 相反。女口： the sun goes uprises in the east and goes downsets in the west.4. Thunder makes a loud noise.make a noise 意思是发出声响，吵闹。如：The baby issleeping.Don't make a noise.You shouldn't make a noise in class.lesson31.Spring has arrived in Shijiazhuan

5、g.arrive 是不及物动词，意思是到达。 arrive in+ 大地点国 家、地区、城市arrive at+小地点学校、商店、车站、邮局等类似地点，地点为副词时inat 要省去。如： He arrived in Paris.The train arrived at the station.They arrived home early. reach表示到达时，是及物动词，直接与到达的地点n连用。如：He reached Paris.The trainreached the station.get to表示到达时，后跟副词表示的地点时to要省去，如：He gets there on time

6、.2. Every morning I see many people in the park exercising.see sb. doing sth. 表示看见某人在做某 事，如： Can you see them playing football over there?see sb. do sth 表示看见某人做过某事，如：I ofte n see him play football on the playgro und.这样的词还有： hear;watch;notice 等。3. The sun will set in about fifteen minutes.in 是介词，表示在

7、.以后，用于将来时，后面跟表示一段时间的名词。此时，不能用after替换 in.女口： He will be back in two days.They will finish the work in ten mon ths.4. We won't see any flowers until May.not.until.意思是直到 .才.。 until 可以作介词或连词。 如： They didn't leave until they finished the work.He won't go to bed until 11 o'clock.5. Next mo

8、nth,maybe we will play in our shorts and T shirts!.颜色的衣服。如： The girlin 表示穿着，它可以跟表示衣服或衣服颜色的名词，意思是穿着 in the hat is my sister.They are playing in new clothes.Our teacher is in a red dress today.All of them are in black.lesson41. Weather is warming,. 这里 warm 是动词，意思是变暖，它也可用作形容词，如： It's warm in spring

9、.It's getting warmer day by day.2.one by one 一个接一个地 如 You can plant the seeds one by one . 类似的词语还有： year by year;day by day.3.See it bring the seaso n's cha nge.see sb.sth. do sth看 到某人或某事物做过某事，cha nge 这里是名词，它也可以做动词，如： He changed his clothes.lesson51. Let's go cycling.go cycling =go to ri

10、de a bike 去骑车。如： He often goes cycling on Sunday.let's do sth.表示让某人做某事let's not do sth.让某人不要做某事，女口： Let's have a rest. Let's notgo there.2. How about baseball,then?howwhat about+nprondoing sth. 如： I like spring.How about you? What about a cup of coffee?How about opening the window?3.

11、 The ball always hits me on the head.hit sb. on the+身体部位，表示打在某人的某个部位，如：He hit me on the head.He was so angry that he hit mary in the face.4.Shall we play soccer?Shall weI.? 表示征求对方意见，可以.吗；.好吗。如：Shall we goswimming?Shall I sit here?lesson61. Danny is babysitting his cousin Debie at the playground.baby

12、sitting 是双写 t+ing 而来的， 这样 的词还有：swim min g;r unnin g;begi nnin g;gett in g;putt ing 等；at the playgro und 也可以说成 inon the playground.2. Hold on,Debbie!hold on 可以表示稍等， 别挂断； 抓紧，如： Hold on a minute.He held on to the rope.3. Danny will push you.push 这里是动词，意思是推，它也可以用作名词 .push sb.=give sb. a push.4t's ti

13、me to stop swinging,debbie.stop doing sth.停止做某事；stop to do sth.停下来做某事；女口： They stopped to smoke a cigarette.I must stop smoking.When he saw his teacher on the street,he stopped to talk to her.All the students stopped talking when the teacher came in.5. Debbed gets off the swing.get off. 意思是从 .下来，通常指

14、下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等， 反义词组是 get on.如： Don't get off the bus until it stops.They will get off the train in Beijing. 上、下小汽车或电梯常用 get intoout of.lesson71.1 thought about it all day at school.think about 意思是思考，考虑，想起，想到.;如:l am thinking about my friend in the country.don't think about it anymore.2.1 tho

15、ught that it would be easy to babysit there.it 在此代替后面的不等式to babysit there,作形式主语，如:It is interesting to climb the hill.It ishard to answer the question.3.1 was scared that she would hurt herself,but.herself是反身代词，意思是她自己.当主语和宾语指同一个人时，宾语应用反身代词.如:She can look after herself.My mother taught herself Englis

16、h.反身代词还可以作同位语，起加强语气的作用.如:She can do it herself.=She herself can do it4. My aunt and uncle had made sandwiches for us to eat at the playground.make sth. for sb.=make sb. sth. 意思是为某人制作某物 .如 :I will make a birthday cake for her.=I will make her a birthday cake.5. so was i.这是一个倒装句 是由so+系动词 助动词 情态动词+主语构成

17、.如:He is tall.So am I. They like chinese food.So do the two Englishmen.6.I helped her brush her teeth and climb into bed.help sb.(to)do sth.意思是帮助某人做某事，如:I often help my mother do the housework.Hesometimes helps me study English.help sb. with sth. 也能表示帮助某人做某事，但 with 后面跟名词或人称代词宾格 ，上面的句子可改写为 :I often h

18、elp my mother with the housework.He sometimes helps me with my English. lesson91. Would you like some markers?would like意思是想要，后跟名词，代词，动词不等式.如:I'd like a cup of tea.Would you like some bananas?I'd like to have another book.would like sb. to do sth.意思是想要某人做某事，如:He'd like me to help him wit

19、h his maths.would you like sth.? 用来表示邀请某人吃喝或用什么东西 ，它的答语为 :Yes，please.No，thanks. would you like to do sth.? 用来表示邀请某人做某事 ，它的答语为 :(yes)，I'd likelove to.I'm afraid not.I'd love to ，but. 等.2. Would you please lend me your green marker? would you please+ 动词原形 ?表示请你 .好吗 ?lend 是借进，常用 lend sth. t

20、o sb.其反义词为 borrow,常用 borrow sth. from sb.,女口 He borrowed a car from his friend.He lent his bike to his neighbour.3. Don't forget to draw the sun.forget to do sth.意思是忘记去做某事，forget doi ng sth.意思是忘了做过某事 ，如:Do n't forget to close the window before you beave. He forgot closing the window，so he we

21、nt back to close it again. He forgot to turn off the light，so it was on the whole night.4. After you plant a plant in a pot，what do you do next?plant是一个兼类词，既可以作动词，也可以作名词.plant a plant表示种植物.类似的兼类词还有： work;water;push 等.lesson101. Flowers，leaves and stems grow above ground.Roots grow below ground.above

22、 是介词，表示在.上方，比.还高.与 below 相反.女口:The plane is flying above the clouds. Today's temperature is 10 degrees below zero.over 是在.正上方,或覆盖在.上面,女口:There is a lamp above the desk. There is a bridge over the river.2. Plants have flowers beause the flowers make seeds.because是连词，表示因为，引导原因状语从句.它不能和so连用，如:She d

23、id n't come to school because she was sick.=She was sick so she didn't come to school.3. The seeds of the rice plant feed billions of people.hundred，thousand，million，billion 等词前有具体数字时 ，用单数形式 ，直接修饰名词 ;表示一个笼 统的概念时，用复数形式，后面要与介词 of连用再接名词.如:He has three hundred books.He has read hundreds of books

24、.lesson111. You need to look after it.look after=take care of 意思是照顾 ,如 :I have to look after the baby. Can you look after yourself?2. Plants use sunlight to make food.to make food 是不定式 ,表示目的 ,如 :Li Ming went to beijing to see his uncle.3. Gardens are full of plants.be full of. 表示盛满 .,装满 如 :The room

25、is full of people. These bottles are full of water.4.In spring,people put covers over plants to keep them warm at night.cover 用作动词意思是覆盖 ,遮盖 ,cover.with. 表示用 .把.覆盖上 ,如 :He covered his face with a scarf. be covered with. 被 .覆盖着 .如 :The road is usually covered with snow.cover 还可以用作名词 ,表示覆盖物 ,封面 .如 :The

26、 book needs a new cover.keep sb.sth.+adj.表示使某人或某物处于某种状态.如:We should keep our classroom clean.He likes doing things to keep himself busy. Let's keep the windows open.5. Windows are made of glass.be made of .意思是由 . . .制成,在制成的过程中原材料没有发生质的变化.be made from.意思是由制成，在制成的过程中原材料发生了质的变化.如:My desk made ofwoo

27、d. Books are made of paper. Paper is made from wood. Wine is made from wheat. lesson121.One group sings the purple words ，and the other group sings the black words.one.,the other.意思是一个.另一个.,女口:She has two cats.One is white,the other is black.2. The prettiest plant.prettiest 是 pretty 的最高级,女口:He is th

28、e tallest boy and she is the prettiest girl.3. That you ever did see.did see在此相当于 saw,did放在动词原形前起加强语气的作用，如:She does study hard. I dolike computer games. They did go to have a picnic yesterday.4. As the stem grows,it makes leaves.as在本句中表示当 时候，引导时间状语从句.如:He went out as I came in.lesson131. Trees help

29、clean the air.It's pleasant to walk among the trees.pleasant,pleased都是形容词，表示快乐的，快乐的.pleasant常用来形容事物，而pleased常用来形 容人 如 :l am very pleased you've decided to come.among 介词 ,表示在 . . .三者以上 之间 ,between 介词 ,表示在两者之间 .2. Donuts don't grow on trees.on trees=on the tree 表示树本身所有物在树上 ;in the tree 表示外

30、来物在树上 ;如 :There are some birds in the tree. There are many apples on the tree.3. Then we can sit under a tree in the shade.in the shade 是介词短语 ,意思是在阴凉处 .类似的短语有 in the sun;in the light;4. All plants take energy from the sun and make it into o.意思是把 .制成.,女口:We can make the tree into paper.

31、We can make cotton into cloth.make 还可以构成如下短语 be made offrombyin 等5. Without food,they would have nothing to eat and they would die.without 是介词 ,意思是没有 ,不,如 He went to school without breakfast. He left without saying goodbye. Fish can't live without water.lesson141. There are about eighty thousand

32、 different plants in the world that people can eat.that people can eat是定语从句，修饰plants,that是关系代词，引导定语从句,并代指plants,也可以 用which来引导.当被修饰的名词是人时 ，可以用 who,that,如 I like the present that you gave me. This is the most interesting book that I've ever read. The woman who is babysitting the baby is my aunt.2.

33、 But half of the world's food comes from only three plants:race,corn and wheat.half of. 意思是 .中的一半 ,当它所指代的是不可数名词时,代表单数 .如果后面所接的是可数名词的复数 ,那么它所代表的也是复数概念 .如 Half of his money was spent on books. Half of the books here are in English. Half of the students in our class like math.all of.;a quarter of.

34、和它类似 .3. Doctors use medicine to help sick people.use.to do sth.意思是用 来做.,如 We use our feet and legs to walk.sick是形容词，意思是有病的，患病的，可作定语和表语;ill也是形容词，意思相同，但只能作表语； 如 His mother was sickill in bed. There are many sick people in the doctor's waiting room.4. Do you have a hat made of straw?made of straw

35、是过去分词短语作后置定语 ，表示被动 ；如 Do you know the boy named peter? This is the camera bought in japan.lesson151.1 have a lot to write about today.to write 作后置定语 ，修饰 a lot， 表示没有做 ，要去做的动作 .如I have nothing to say. Theyfound a room to live in. She has no pen to write with.2. Now sth.new is growing at the top of the

36、 stem.sth.是不定代词，应看作第三人称单数.形容词修饰它时应作后置定语.如Sth.is wrong withhis computer. There is sth. important in today's newspaper.3. Later，the head will turn into wheat seeds.turn into. 意思是变成 .如 Water can turn into o.意思是把 .变成.，如 Heat turns water into vapor 蒸汽.相关的短语有 change into.，changeintolesson1

37、71.She plays with me when I come home from school.play with.意思是与 .玩，玩弄.如Don't play with fire ，it's dangerous.2.1 will keep him under my desk.keep 的意思是使某人 某物保持某种状态或某地位 .如 If your hands are cold，keep them in your pockets. These gloves will keep your hands warm. I'm sorry to keep you waitin

38、g. You can't keep ducks in the classroom.keep 还有饲养 .的意思 ，如He keeps bees ，goats and hens on his farm.3.1 will need to plant a tree in my bed room.在肯定句中动词 need通常用作行为动词，如They need to finish the project on time. Youneed to take an umbrella with you.在否认句和疑问句中 ，need 即可用作行为动词 ，也可以用作情态动词 ，如 You needn

39、9;t finish that work today.=You don't need to finish that work today. Do you need to go out?=Need you go out?need 还可以用作名词 ，如 There is a great need for a new book on this subject. There is no deed for you to start yet.lesson181. He was talking to my mum.waswere+doing 是过去进行时 ,表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.如 He

40、 wasn't watchingthe hamburgers at that time. He was cooking supper when I got home.lesson191. The zoo is open.open 是形容词 ,意思是开放的 ,可进入的 . 如This garden is open to the public.open 还可以表示开着的 ,营业的 ,等 .如 He slept in the room with the window open last night.The shop isn't open on sundays. His coat wa

41、s open. The cages are big and open.2.It has all kinds of animals.all kinds of 意思是各种各样的 ,如 All kinds of plants were displayed.different kinds of. 不同种类的 .;a kind of . 一种 ;3.We'll need our caps to protect us from the tect sb.sth. againstfrom sth. 意思是保护 保卫某人或某物不受 .的侵害 .如I was wearinga fur coa

42、t to protect myself from the cold. Winter wheat lying under snow is protected against the cold.4. Zoos can help people to stop animals from going extinct.stop sb. from doing sth.意思是阻止某人做某事，在主动语态中from可以省去,在被动语态中 from 不可省去 .如 Please don't stop him(from) playing basketball. He was stopped from play

43、ing basketball. We all tried to stop him(from) smoking in bed.lesson201.1 am at the zoo watching all the animals,I want to make friends with one today.at the zoo 在动物园 ,也可用作 in the zoo.make friends with. 表示与 .交朋友 .2. Throw some food to the ducks by the water.Stand so still while they waddle my way.by

44、是介词，意思是在.旁边,在附近.如:My house is by the river.still 可以作形容词，意思是静止的，不动的 如:Keep still while I comb your hair.Please stand still while I take your photograph.still 还可以作副词，意思是还，仍然，仍旧;如:He is still sleeping.The fist is still alive. while 是连词，意思是当.的时候；如:l met a friend while I was walking down the street.3.1 w

45、ant an animal friend that likes to jumpand run，too.that likes to jump and run 是定语从句 ，修饰先行词 an animal friend.被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词.先行词是人时 ，关系词通常用 that或who'whom;先行词是事物时，关系词通常用that或which;关系词在从句中除作状语外，可以省去.如:Edis on was a man who n ever gave up. She is the girl whom I met at the party.This is t

46、he house where(=in which) I lived last year. I know the boy whose father is a teacher. The house which stands on the hill is mine.lesson211. They go through the entrance.through介词,意思是(从内部)穿过.across指(从外表上)横过.如:I walked across the square to the museum. We walked through the forest.2. Maybe photos woul

47、d surprise the animals.maybe 意思是大概,或许.女口:Maybe he does n't know it's spri ng.Maybe you put the letter in your pocket.情态动词 may 和系动词 be 一起也可以表示可能是 .的意思 .如 :You may be right. I can'tfind my watch.It may be in your pocket.3. Then don't take photos of me.take photos of sb.意思是 给某人照相.4.It&#

48、39;s nearly noon,and he's still sleeping.nearly 是副词，意思是几乎,差不多.如:Hurry up-it's nrarly time for school.nearly和almost都表示 几乎,差不多.在多数情况下，两者之间没有什么差异.一般来说almost 所表达的程度比 nearly 更接近一些 .另外 ,nearly 不能用于修饰否认词 ,但可被 not 修饰;而 almost 可以和否认词连用 .5. That's where we go out.where we go out.是表语从句,where是引导词.这样

49、的词还有：wh-,that,because等.如:That's what he said.That's why I am so worried. The question is whether our parents will agree. The problem is which is heavier. She looked as if she were a doctor.lesson221. Let's play a joke on someone today.play a joke on sb.意思是开某人的玩笑，戏弄某人.如:We all play a joke

50、 on him.have a joke with sb.意思是与某人一起开某人的玩笑.女口 :l stopped to have a joke with him.make a joke aboutof sb.sth.意思是拿某人(事)开玩笑.如：Don't make a joke about himhisshortcomings.2. Let's tell Danny that the bear got out of the zoo.get out (of sth.)意思是 从里出来.另外,这个短语还可以表示出外走走 .如We love to get out into the

51、countryside at weekends.You ought to get out of your house more.get out of sth.doing sth. 意思是 逃避责任或义务 ,不做份内的事 ,使某人放弃、停止或戒 除习惯等。如 l wish l could get out of going to that meeting. l can't get out of the habit of waking at six in the morning.3. We heard it on the radio.onover the radio 意思是 通过无线电播送。

52、类似的短语有 on the telephone;on TV.4. There's a fierce bear i ng为现在分词，作 bear的定语，有正在到来的意思，相当于定语从句that is comi ng.如There is a bag lying on the ground.There are some boys playing football over there.5. You are joking,aren't you? 该句是反意疑问句。反意疑问句由两局部组成。前一局部是陈述句，后一局部是简短问句， 中间用逗号隔开。 前后两局部遵循 两个一

53、致， 一个相反 原那么。如 The pen is yours,isn't it? He isn't a doctor,is he? Your brother can swim,can't he? You don't study Chiese,do you? He never watches TV,does he?There won't be any meetings next week,will there?6. We tricked out you,Danny!trick 是动词，意思是欺骗，欺诈。如 The young man tricked me

54、out of 50 yuan.trick sb. out of + 钱数。表示骗取某人多少钱。lesson231.One of the world's first zoos was in Egypt,about 3500 years ago.ago 作副词表示从现在算起的以前； before 作副词可表示从过去某一刻算起的以前。 如 I met him three days ago. I said I had met him three days before.before 后接 时间点， 可用于任何时态。 如 She got to the office before five o&#

55、39;clock. We hope to get home before six o'clock.2. No other people could go.no other people 可以说成 nobody else. 如 Nobody else could go there except kings,queens and important people.3. Egypt is famous for its pyramids.be famouswell-known for 意思是 以 .著名 ;以 .闻名 .如 France is famous for its food and w

56、ine.The place is fomous for its hot springs.be famous as.意思是 作为 .职业 身份而著名 .如 He is famous as a writer.4. People went to the zoo to learn about animals.to learn about animals 是动词不定式作目的状语 .如 He came to give us a talk yesterday. I went to the park to breathe the fresh air.5. Zoos are the only places th

57、at some kinds of animals live in.that some kinds of animals live in 是定语从句 ,修饰先行词 the only places. 由于先行词前有 only, 所以关系词只能用 that.lesson251.I fill a jar with water.fill.with. 意思是 用 .装满 .be filled with.=be full of.意思是 充满 .如 On hearing the news,her eyes are filled with tears. They filled the hole with wat

58、er.fill in. 意思是 填上 .; 填充 .;如 Fill in the blanks.2. Then,I turn the jar upside down.upside down 意思是 向下翻转过来 如 That picture is upside down.You hold the book upside down.right side up 意思是 正面朝上 .3.I think the floor will get wet.get 作系动词 ,意思是 变得 ,后跟形容词作表语 . 如 The day gets longer in spring.与 get 相关的词组有 :get alongon(well) with. 与.(和睦 )相处.如 I am getting alongon well with my classmates.get away from. 意思是 逃跑 .如 The thief got away from the