牛津译林版7BUnit3语法及知识点

1、牛津译林版7BUnit3语法及知识点Grammar名词所有格的构成及用法名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格，它主要包括s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表现形式。定义：表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加来表示所有关系，叫做名词所有格。名词所有格的用法：一、名词+ ' s (主要用于有生命的事物)1、单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加构成所有格例如：Jimmy' s book (吉米白书)Jane' s schoolbag简的书包)Child

2、ren ' s Day(t的节日、六一儿童节)Wuhan' s summer is very hot武汉的夏天非常热。) 2、复数名词以-s结尾的只需要加构成所有格。例如：Twins' father is Mr. Brown.砥胞胎的爸爸是布朗先生。)二、名词 +of +名词如果名词是无生命的，我们通常就要用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。例如： A bag of mine= my bag (我的书包) The name of the girl =the girl' 汝ame 名字 )The window of the bedroom = the bed

3、room' 卧Window1 )三、特殊所有格若一样东西为两人共有，则后一个人名用所有格；如果不是两人共有，而是各有各的，则两个名词都 用所有格，且其后名词应为复数。例如：This is Tom and Jim ' s room.这是汤姆和吉姆共有的房间。These are Tom ' s and Jim ' s rooms是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。步行一个半小时的路程：四. 's所有格所修饰的词的省略现象(1)表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词，其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如：I met her at the doctor's ( off

4、ice).我在诊所遇见了 她。He has gone to the tailor's (shop).他到服装店去了。(2)名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，往往可以省略，以免重复。例如：Whose pen is this ? It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔？是汤姆的。The bike is not mine , but Wang Pinpin's .这辆自行车不是我的，是王品品的。五.双重所有格及其用法's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起，构成"of +所有格”形式，即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念，即全体中的一部分，在

5、意义上与"one of.”相似，它主要修饰 of短语之前的那个名词。此外，双重所有格与指示代词连用时，常带有感情色彩，如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下：1 .名词+ of +名词性物主代词。例如：a good friend of mine 我的个好朋友an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历2 .名词+ of+'s所有格。例如：He is a friend of my sister's . (= one of my sister's friends ) 他是我姐姐的一个朋友Look at that long nose of

6、Jack's .看杰克的那个长鼻子。(感情色彩)试比较：a picture of Xiao Zhanga picture of Xiao Zhang's3 .不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词( some, any, many, no, few等)以及which等限定词，一般不与形 容词性物主代词或s所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词，而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如：most of the students学生中的大多数three of them 他们中的三个人I have read some books of his . 我读过他的些书Which book of Qiong Y

7、ao's have you read ?你读过琼瑶的哪一本书?A. 's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别 请仔细比较下面三句话：1. She is Mary's brother's friend .2. She is a friend of Mary's brother .3. She is a friend of Mary's brother's .人称代词和物主代词 一、人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词

8、主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student, too.We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象，一般放在动词后面。Give it to me. Let ' s go (let ' s =let us)形容词性物主代词 而名词性物主代词 如：、物主代词数 称单数复数钎第二第三第一第二第三类别人称人称人称人称人称人称形容词性物主 代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代 词mineyourshishersitsour

9、syourstheirs(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+ 名词Is this your book?(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs则相单于形容词性物主代词+名词，故其后不必加名词。No, it isn , 'itt' s hers(her book) Jim' s Tom' 5 Maria ' s练习一、用适当的人称代词填空：1. is my aunt. We often visit. ( she )2. China is a developing country.is in the

10、 east of Asia. ( its )3. I own a blue bike. The red oneisn ' . ( I )4. These new houses are so nice.are very expensive.( them )5. The fishermen caught a lot of fish,didn ' t? ( them )6. Ling Ling is a girl.studies in a primary school.brother lives with and helps _ with lessons. ( she )7. Mik

11、e is my classmate.is good at English . ( his )8. Kate wants a glass of milk. W川 you pass it to? (she )9. What' the weather like today ?is cloudy. ( its )二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性而父词填空1. I ate all sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of? ( you )2. George has lost( his ) pen. Ask Mary if(是否)she will le

12、nd him. ( she )3. Jack has a dog and so have I.( he ) dog and( I ) had a fightT架).4. The teacher wants you to return that book of( he )5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of are coming to see us. ( they )6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of. (we )三、用括号中的适当形式填空I.Are these(you) penc

13、ils? Yes, they are(our).2.Whose is this pencil? It 'q(I).1.1 love(they) very much.1.5 he is(I) classmate.5 .Miss Li often looks after (she) brother.6 .Are these(they) bags ?No, they aren ' (their) . They are(we)1 Neil's mother is calling him from the UK.Call动词叫，呼唤例：马上叫个医生来。称为例：他的朋友叫他鲍勃。名

14、词 打电话，通话 例：Tim,有你的电话2 Mr Wu is asking Amy which things belong to which people.belong to意为“属于”，后接某人或人称代词宾格。如：This key ring belongs to me. 这个钥匙圈是我的。all over 遍及遍及全世界注意：belong to后不能使用名词所有格或物主代词，且 belong to不可用于进行时 如：这车属于她。3 They're all over the place.遍及全中国瞧。大厅里到处都是瓶子。Integrated skills1 Here is the po

15、ster.is还是are取决于后面以here开头的句子，如果主语是名词，则用倒装语序，连系动词是用的名词是单数还是复数。例：有张卡片给你。注意：当主语是代词时，不用倒装语序。Here they come.他们来了 ；here it is 它在这里； here you are 给你2 Go to Huangji Palace to see works of art at 11 a.m.Works of art 艺术品Work 作品，著作可数名词工作、劳动不可数名词（与job）4 It's about 40 minutes by bus.It is +所需时间+ （from S to B

16、） by +交通工具/on foot 表示“（从A地到B地）距离”句型。 也可表示成：It is +所需时间名词的所有格 +walk/ride/drive （+from A to B）例：从苏州到南京开车大约两个小时。（两种方式）Study skills1 However, the words are not equally important. 然而，单词并不都同等重要。However副词，不过，然而 有转折的含义 可位于句首、句中或句末，用逗号将句子分隔。But连词，可位于句首、句中， 后面连接一个句子时无需逗号。例：我的房间虽小，但是很舒服。2 I am talking about a

17、bookshop , not another kind of shop.Another另一个，再一个后接可数名词单数，通常指用于三者或三者以上人或物中的另一个。区分 other, the other, others, the others, anotherotherthe otherothersthe othersanother例如：Oh, the traffic is so heavy.Let's change route to the airport.A other B others C the other D anotherTask1 I'm going to show

18、you around my hometown.show sb aroundshow 及物动词名词例 Peter will带领某人参观给看给某人看某物展览展出A lead toyou _B showthearound花展building and you can meet everyone.C compare with D brush off2 can smell the flowers and hear the birds.我可以闻花香听鸟儿唱歌。(1) smell动词，意为“闻；嗅”，后接名词作宾语。如：Smell it and tell me what it is.你闻闻看，告诉我是什么。(

19、2) smell还可以用连系动词，后常接形容词作表语。如：Do these flowed smell sweet?这花闻起来香吗？(3) hear sb do sth意为“听见某人做某事"。如：I often hear her sing in the room.我经常听见她在房间唱歌。(4) hear sb doing意为“听见某人在做(一个正在进行的动作)如:I heard someone laughing in the room.我听见隔壁房间里有人在笑。除hear外，see、watch、feel、notice 等动词也有同样的用法。例：The air fresh after t

20、he rain. And the sky is blue.A feels B tastes C smells D sounds3 Sometimes we row a boat there.Sometimes 副词 有时 =at times区分 sometimes > some times、 sometime > some timesometimessome timessometimesome time5 They are all friendly.friendly 形容词 友好的对某人友好 be friendly to sb. =be kind to sbbe friendly

21、with sb和某大关系好”或 某人要好”，指的是两者的关系6 I hope you can come and visit soon!hope to do sth , 表示希望Hope及物动词 希望，用于表示可能实现的愿望，其后接动词不定式做宾语，即 做某事。若要表达“希望；”，则需要用“ hope that +从句”wish也是希望、祝愿的意思。wish 做动词祝愿某人某事 wish sb sth ;希望(某人)做某事 wish (sb) to do sth ；表示难以实现的愿望wish that +从句。做名词常用复数，表示祝愿。向你致以美好的祝愿！根据句意及相关提示写出正确的单词1. S

22、ome farmers in my town r cows and make a lot of money.2. What do you think of the cake?-It s good.3. How fast he is d the car! Its so dangerous.4. On(woman) Day, my mother often goes shopping with her friends.5. We must learn to read our books(quiet) in the library.6. I often go to the shopping mall

23、 with my parents(two) a week.7. These(student) hometown is near the capital of(they) country.8. The girl in a white dress is a friend of(he).用括号中所给词的正确形式填空1.1. Mr Li teaches(I) English.2 . Mr Li teaches(I) sister English.3 .(they) are our teachers. Where are(you)?4 .Her shoes are next to(I).(she) ar

24、e very nice.5 .(Simon) father is good at English.6 .-Where is Mike? -He is in our Maths(teacher) office.7 .My favourite festival is(child) Day.8 .Excuse me, but I cant find(man) room.9 .Can you tell me the way to(people) Park?9.1. I will tell as soon as(he) comes back.11.loves(she) notebook very muc

25、h.12.We want to borrow storybook from(you).1.It takes about twenty minutes(get) to the center of the town.2 .Why not(visit) our local theatre with us?3 .Were happy(invite) you to a farewell party for our friends.4 .Does your brother enjoy(eat) Chinese food?5 .-you(try) to learn Beijing opera?Yes, I am.6 .What will you do when you(be) free tomorrow?7 .There(be) a new bridge over the Changjiang River in several years.1. Listen, someone(sing) Beijing opera in the park.2. -they(have) a Christmas party next week? -Yes, they are.3. Our school(plan) a trip