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1、Page1AGREEMENTONIMPLEMENTATIONOFARTICLEVIOFTHEGENERALAGREEMENTONTARIFFSANDTRADE1994Membersherebyagreeasfollows:PARTIArticle 1PrinciplesAnanti-dumpingmeasureshallbeappliedonlyunderthecircumstancesprovidedforinArticleVIofGATT1994andpursuanttoinvestigationsinitiatedTheterm"initiated"asusedint

2、hisAgreementmeanstheproceduralactionbywhichaMemberformallycommencesaninvestigationasprovidedinArticle5.andconductedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisAgreement.ThefollowingprovisionsgoverntheapplicationofArticleVIofGATT1994insofarasactionistakenunderanti-dumpinglegislationorregulations.Article 2Dete

3、rminationofDumping2.1 ForthepurposeofthisAgreement,aproductistobeconsideredasbeingdumped,roducedintothecommerceofanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue,iftheexportpriceoftheproductexportedfromonecountrytoanotherislessthanthecomparableprice,intheordinarycourseoftrade,forthelikeproductwhendesti

4、nedforconsumptionintheexportingcountry.2.2 Whentherearenosalesofthelikeproductintheordinarycourseoftradeinthedomesticmarketoftheexportingcountryorwhen,becauseoftheparticularmarketsituationorthelowvolumeofthesalesinthedomesticmarketoftheexportingcountrySalesofthelikeproductdestinedforconsumptioninthe

5、domesticmarketoftheexportingcountryshallnormallybeconsideredasufficientquantityforthedeterminationofthenormalvalueifsuchsalesconstitute5percentormoreofthesalesoftheproductunderconsiderationtotheimportingMember,providedthatalowerratioshouldbeacceptablewheretheevidencedemonstratesthatdomesticsalesatsu

6、chlowerratioarenonethelessofsufficientmagnitudetoprovideforapropercomparison.,suchsalesdonotpermitapropercomparison,themarginofdumpingshallbedeterminedbycomparisonwithacomparablepriceofthelikeproductwhenexportedtoanappropriatethirdcountry,providedthatthispriceisrepresentative,orwiththecostofproducti

7、oninthecountryoforiginplusareasonableamountforadministrative,sellingandgeneralcostsandforprofits.2.2.1 Salesofthelikeproductinthedomesticmarketoftheexportingcountryorsalestoathirdcountryatpricesbelowperunit(fixedandvariable)costsofproductionplusadministrative,sellingandgeneralcostsmaybetreatedasnotb

8、eingintheordinarycourseoftradebyreasonofpriceandmaybedisregardedindeterminingnormalvalueonlyiftheauthorities3WheninthisAgreementtheterm"authorities"isused,itshallbeinterpretedasmeaningauthoritiesatanappropriatedeterminePage2thatsuchsalesaremadewithinanextendedperiodoftime4insubstantialquan

9、tities5andareatpriceswhichdonotprovidefortherecoveryofallcostswithinareasonableperiodoftime.Ifpriceswhicharebelowperunitcostsatthetimeofsaleareaboveweightedaverageperunitcostsfortheperiodofinvestigation,suchpricesshallbeconsideredtoprovideforrecoveryofcostswithinareasonableperiodoftime. Forth

10、epurposeofparagraph2,costsshallnormallybecalculatedonthebasisofrecordskeptbytheexporterorproducerunderinvestigation,providedthatsuchrecordsareinaccordancewiththegenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciplesoftheexportingcountryandreasonablyreflectthecostsassociatedwiththeproductionandsaleoftheproductunderco

11、nsideration.Authoritiesshallconsiderallavailableevidenceontheproperallocationofcosts,includingthatwhichismadeavailablebytheexporterorproducerinthecourseoftheinvestigationprovidedthatsuchallocationshavebeenhistoricallyutilizedbytheexporterorproducer,inparticularinrelationtoestablishingappropriateamor

12、tizationanddepreciationperiodsandallowancesforcapitalexpendituresandotherdevelopmentcosts.Unlessalreadyreflectedinthecostallocationsunderthissub-paragraph,costsshallbeadjustedappropriatelyforthosenon-recurringitemsofcostwhichbenefitfutureand/orcurrentproduction,orforcircumstancesinwhichcostsduringth

13、eperiodofinvestigationareaffectedbystart-upoperations.62.2.2 Forthepurposeofparagraph2,theamountsforadministrative,sellingandgeneralcostsandforprofitsshallbebasedonactualdatapertainingtoproductionandsalesintheordinarycourseoftradeofthelikeproductbytheexporterorproducerunderinvestigation.Whensuchamou

14、ntscannotbedeterminedonthisbasis,theamountsmaybedeterminedonthebasisof:(i) theactualamountsincurredandrealizedbytheexporterorproducerinquestioninrespectofproductionandsalesinthedomesticmarketofthecountryoforiginofthesamegeneralcategoryofproducts;(ii) theweightedaverageoftheactualamountsincurredandre

15、alizedbyotherexportersorproducerssubjecttoinvestigationinrespectofproductionandsalesofthelikeproductinthedomesticmarketofthecountryoforigin;(iii) anyotherreasonablemethod,providedthattheamountforprofitsoseniorlevel.4Theextendedperiodoftimeshouldnormallybeoneyearbutshallinnocasebelessthansixmonths.5S

16、alesbelowperunitcostsaremadeinsubstantialquantitieswhentheauthoritiesestablishthattheweightedaveragesellingpriceofthetransactionsunderconsiderationforthedeterminationofthenormalvalueisbelowtheweightedaverageperunitcosts,orthatthevolumeofsalesbelowperunitcostsrepresentsnotlessthan20percentofthevolume

17、soldintransactionsunderconsiderationforthedeterminationofthenormalvalue.6Theadjustmentmadeforstart-upoperationsshallreflectthecostsattheendofthestart-upperiodor,ifthatperiodextendsbeyondtheperiodofinvestigation,themostrecentcostswhichcanreasonablybetakenintoaccountbytheauthoritiesduringtheinvestigat

18、ion.Page3establishedshallnotexceedtheprofitnormallyrealizedbyotherexportersorproducersonsalesofproductsofthesamegeneralcategoryinthedomesticmarketofthecountryoforigin.2.3 Incaseswherethereisnoexportpriceorwhereitappearstotheauthoritiesconcernedthattheexportpriceisunreliablebecauseofassociationoracom

19、pensatoryarrangementbetweentheexporterandtheimporterorathirdparty,theexportpricemaybeconstructedonthebasisofthepriceatwhichtheimportedproductsarefirstresoldtoanindependentbuyer,oriftheproductsarenotresoldtoanindependentbuyer,ornotresoldintheconditionasimported,onsuchreasonablebasisastheauthoritiesma

20、ydetermine.2.4 Afaircomparisonshallbemadebetweentheexportpriceandthenormalvalue.Thiscomparisonshallbemadeatthesameleveloftrade,normallyattheex-factorylevel,andinrespectofsalesmadeatasnearlyaspossiblethesametime.Dueallowanceshallbemadeineachcase,onitsmerits,fordifferenceswhichaffectpricecomparability

21、,includingdifferencesinconditionsandtermsofsale,taxation,levelsoftrade,quantities,physicalcharacteristics,andanyotherdifferenceswhicharealsodemonstratedtoaffectpricecomparability.Itisunderstoodthatsomeoftheabovefactorsmayoverlap,andauthoritiesshallensurethattheydonotduplicateadjustmentsthathavebeena

22、lreadymadeunderthisprovision.Inthecasesreferredtoinparagraph3,allowancesforcosts,includingdutiesandtaxes,incurredbetweenimportationandresale,andforprofitsaccruing,shouldalsobemade.Ifinthesecasespricecomparabilityhasbeenaffected,theauthoritiesshallestablishthenormalvalueataleveloftradeequivalenttothe

23、leveloftradeoftheconstructedexportprice,orshallmakedueallowanceaswarrantedunderthisparagraph.Theauthoritiesshallindicatetothepartiesinquestionwhatinformationisnecessarytoensureafaircomparisonandshallnotimposeanunreasonableburdenofproofonthoseparties.2.4.1 Whenthecomparisonunderparagraph4requiresacon

24、versionofcurrencies,suchconversionshouldbemadeusingtherateofexchangeonthedateofsaleNormally,thedateofsalewouldbethedateofcontract,purchaseorder,orderconfirmation,orinvoice,whicheverestablishesthematerialtermsofsale.,providedthatwhenasaleofforeigncurrencyonforwardmarketsisdirectlylinkedtotheexportsal

25、einvolved,therateofexchangeintheforwardsaleshallbeused.Fluctuationsinexchangeratesshallbeignoredandinaninvestigationtheauthoritiesshallallowexportersatleast60daystohaveadjustedtheirexportpricestoreflectsustainedmovementsinexchangeratesduringtheperiodofinvestigation.2.4.2 Subjecttotheprovisionsgovern

26、ingfaircomparisoninparagraph4,theexistenceofmarginsofdumpingduringtheinvestigationphaseshallnormallybeestablishedonthebasisofacomparisonofaweightedaveragenormalvaluewithaweightedaverageofpricesofallcomparableexporttransactionsorbyacomparisonofnormalvalueandexportpricesonatransaction-to-transactionba

27、sis.Anormalvalueestablishedonaweightedaveragebasismaybecomparedtopricesofindividualexporttransactionsiftheauthoritiesfindapatternofexportpriceswhichdiffersignificantlyamongdifferentpurchasers,regionsortimeperiods,andifanexplanationisprovidedastowhysuchdifferencescannotbetakenintoaccountappropriately

28、bytheuseofaweightedaverage-to-weightedaverageortransaction-to-transactioncomparison.2.5 InthecasewhereproductsarenotimporteddirectlyfromthecountryoforiginbutareexportedtotheimportingMemberfromanintermediatecountry,thepriceatwhichthePage4productsaresoldfromthecountryofexporttotheimportingMembershalln

29、ormallybecomparedwiththecomparablepriceinthecountryofexport.However,comparisonmaybemadewiththepriceinthecountryoforigin,if,forexample,theproductsaremerelytransshippedthroughthecountryofexport,orsuchproductsarenotproducedinthecountryofexport,orthereisnocomparablepricefortheminthecountryofexport.2.6 T

30、hroughoutthisAgreementtheterm"likeproduct"("produitsimilaire")shallbeinterpretedtomeanaproductwhichisidentical,i.e.alikeinallrespectstotheproductunderconsideration,orintheabsenceofsuchaproduct,anotherproductwhich,althoughnotalikeinallrespects,hascharacteristicscloselyresemblingth

31、oseoftheproductunderconsideration.2.7 ThisArticleiswithoutprejudicetothesecondSupplementaryProvisiontoparagraph1ofArticleVIinAnnexItoGATT1994.Article 3DeterminationofInjuryUnderthisAgreementtheterm"injury"shall,unlessotherwisespecified,betakentomeanmaterialinjurytoadomesticindustry,threato

32、fmaterialinjurytoadomesticindustryormaterialretardationoftheestablishmentofsuchanindustryandshallbeinterpretedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisArticle.3.1 AdeterminationofinjuryforpurposesofArticleVIofGATT1994shallbebasedonpositiveevidenceandinvolveanobjectiveexaminationofboth(a)thevolumeofthedump

33、edimportsandtheeffectofthedumpedimportsonpricesinthedomesticmarketforlikeproducts,and(b)theconsequentimpactoftheseimportsondomesticproducersofsuchproducts.3.2 Withregardtothevolumeofthedumpedimports,theinvestigatingauthoritiesshallconsiderwhethertherehasbeenasignificantincreaseindumpedimports,either

34、inabsolutetermsorrelativetoproductionorconsumptionintheimportingMember.Withregardtotheeffectofthedumpedimportsonprices,theinvestigatingauthoritiesshallconsiderwhethertherehasbeenasignificantpriceundercuttingbythedumpedimportsascomparedwiththepriceofalikeproductoftheimportingMember,orwhethertheeffect

35、ofsuchimportsisotherwisetodepresspricestoasignificantdegreeorpreventpriceincreases,whichotherwisewouldhaveoccurred,toasignificantdegree.Nooneorseveralofthesefactorscannecessarilygivedecisiveguidance.3.3 Whereimportsofaproductfrommorethanonecountryaresimultaneouslysubjecttoanti-dumpinginvestigations,

36、theinvestigatingauthoritiesmaycumulativelyassesstheeffectsofsuchimportsonlyiftheydeterminethat(a)themarginofdumpingestablishedinrelationtotheimportsfromeachcountryismorethandeminimisasdefinedinparagraph8ofArticle5andthevolumeofimportsfromeachcountryisnotnegligibleand(b)acumulativeassessmentoftheeffe

37、ctsoftheimportsisappropriateinlightoftheconditionsofcompetitionbetweentheimportedproductsandtheconditionsofcompetitionbetweentheimportedproductsandthelikedomesticproduct.3.4 Theexaminationoftheimpactofthedumpedimportsonthedomesticindustryconcernedshallincludeanevaluationofallrelevanteconomicfactorsa

38、ndindiceshavingabearingonthestateoftheindustry,includingactualandpotentialdeclineinsales,profits,output,marketshare,productivity,returnoninvestments,orutilizationofcapacity;factorsaffectingdomesticprices;themagnitudeofthemarginofdumping;actualandpotentialPage5negativeeffectsoncashflow,inventories,em

39、ployment,wages,growth,abilitytoraisecapitalorinvestments.Thislistisnotexhaustive,norcanoneorseveralofthesefactorsnecessarilygivedecisiveguidance.3.5 Itmustbedemonstratedthatthedumpedimportsare,throughtheeffectsofdumping,assetforthinparagraphs2and4,causinginjurywithinthemeaningofthisAgreement.Thedemo

40、nstrationofacausalrelationshipbetweenthedumpedimportsandtheinjurytothedomesticindustryshallbebasedonanexaminationofallrelevantevidencebeforetheauthorities.Theauthoritiesshallalsoexamineanyknownfactorsotherthanthedumpedimportswhichatthesametimeareinjuringthedomesticindustry,andtheinjuriescausedbythes

41、eotherfactorsmustnotbeattributedtothedumpedimports.Factorswhichmayberelevantinthisrespectinclude,interalia,thevolumeandpricesofimportsnotsoldatdumpingprices,contractionindemandorchangesinthepatternsofconsumption,traderestrictivepracticesofandcompetitionbetweentheforeignanddomesticproducers,developme

42、ntsintechnologyandtheexportperformanceandproductivityofthedomesticindustry.3.6 Theeffectofthedumpedimportsshallbeassessedinrelationtothedomesticproductionofthelikeproductwhenavailabledatapermittheseparateidentificationofthatproductiononthebasisofsuchcriteriaastheproductionprocess,producers'sales

43、andprofits.Ifsuchseparateidentificationofthatproductionisnotpossible,theeffectsofthedumpedimportsshallbeassessedbytheexaminationoftheproductionofthenarrowestgrouporrangeofproducts,whichincludesthelikeproduct,forwhichthenecessaryinformationcanbeprovided.3.7 Adeterminationofathreatofmaterialinjuryshal

44、lbebasedonfactsandnotmerelyonallegation,conjectureorremotepossibility.Thechangeincircumstanceswhichwouldcreateasituationinwhichthedumpingwouldcauseinjurymustbeclearlyforeseenandimminent.10Inmakingadeterminationregardingtheexistenceofathreatofmaterialinjury,theauthoritiesshouldconsider,interalia,such

45、factorsas:(i) asignificantrateofincreaseofdumpedimportsintothedomesticmarketindicatingthelikelihoodofsubstantiallyincreasedimportation;(ii) sufficientfreelydisposable,oranimminent,substantialincreasein,capacityoftheexporterindicatingthelikelihoodofsubstantiallyincreaseddumpedexportstotheimportingMem

46、ber'smarket,takingintoaccounttheavailabilityofotherexportmarketstoabsorbanyadditionalexports;(iii) whetherimportsareenteringatpricesthatwillhaveasignificantdepressingorsuppressingeffectondomesticprices,andwouldlikelyincreasedemandforfurtherimports;and(iv) inventoriesoftheproductbeinginvestigated

47、.Nooneofthesefactorsbyitselfcannecessarilygivedecisiveguidancebutthetotalityofthefactorsconsideredmustleadtotheconclusionthatfurtherdumpedexportsareimminentandthat,unlessprotectiveactionistaken,materialinjurywouldoccur.3.8 Withrespecttocaseswhereinjuryisthreatenedbydumpedimports,theapplicationof10On

48、eexample,thoughnotanexclusiveone,isthatthereisconvincingreasontobelievethattherewillbe,inthenearfuture,substantiallyincreasedimportationoftheproductatdumpedprices.Page6anti-dumpingmeasuresshallbeconsideredanddecidedwithspecialcare.Article 4DefinitionofDomesticIndustry4.1 ForthepurposesofthisAgreemen

49、t,theterm"domesticindustry"shallbeinterpretedasreferringtothedomesticproducersasawholeofthelikeproductsortothoseofthemwhosecollectiveoutputoftheproductsconstitutesamajorproportionofthetotaldomesticproductionofthoseproducts,exceptthat:(i) whenproducersarerelated11totheexportersorimportersor

50、arethemselvesimportersoftheallegedlydumpedproduct,theterm"domesticindustry"maybeinterpretedasreferringtotherestoftheproducers;(ii) inexceptionalcircumstancestheterritoryofaMembermay,fortheproductioninquestion,bedividedintotwoormorecompetitivemarketsandtheproducerswithineachmarketmayberegar

51、dedasaseparateindustryif(a)theproducerswithinsuchmarketsellalloralmostalloftheirproductionoftheproductinquestioninthatmarket,and(b)thedemandinthatmarketisnottoanysubstantialdegreesuppliedbyproducersoftheproductinquestionlocatedelsewhereintheterritory.Insuchcircumstances,injurymaybefoundtoexistevenwh

52、ereamajorportionofthetotaldomesticindustryisnotinjured,providedthereisaconcentrationofdumpedimportsintosuchanisolatedmarketandprovidedfurtherthatthedumpedimportsarecausinginjurytotheproducersofalloralmostalloftheproductionwithinsuchmarket.4.2 Whenthedomesticindustryhasbeeninterpretedasreferringtothe

53、producersinacertainarea,i.e.amarketasdefinedinparagraph1(ii),anti-dumpingdutiesshallbelevied12onlyontheproductsinquestionconsignedforfinalconsumptiontothatarea.WhentheconstitutionallawoftheimportingMemberdoesnotpermitthelevyingofanti-dumpingdutiesonsuchabasis,theimportingMembermaylevytheanti-dumping

54、dutieswithoutlimitationonlyif(a)theexportersshallhavebeengivenanopportunitytoceaseexportingatdumpedpricestotheareaconcernedorotherwisegiveassurancespursuanttoArticle8andadequateassurancesinthisregardhavenotbeenpromptlygiven,and(b)suchdutiescannotbeleviedonlyonproductsofspecificproducerswhichsupplyth

55、eareainquestion.4.3 Wheretwoormorecountrieshavereachedundertheprovisionsofparagraph8(a)ofArticleXXIVofGATT1994suchalevelofintegrationthattheyhavethecharacteristicsofasingle,unifiedmarket,theindustryintheentireareaofintegrationshallbetakentobethedomesticindustryreferredtoinparagraph1.4.4 Theprovision

56、sofparagraph6ofArticle3shallbeapplicabletothisArticle.iv.,.,Forthepurposeofthisparagraph,producersshallbedeemedtoberelatedtoexportersorimportersonlyif(a)oneofthemdirectlyorindirectlycontrolstheother;or(b)bothofthemaredirectlyorindirectlycontrolledbyathirdperson;or(c)togethertheydirectlyorindirectlyc

57、ontrolathirdperson,providedthattherearegroundsforbelievingorsuspectingthattheeffectoftherelationshipissuchastocausetheproducerconcernedtobehavedifferentlyfromnon-relatedproducers.Forthepurposeofthisparagraph,oneshallbedeemedtocontrolanotherwhentheformerislegallyoroperationallyinapositiontoexercisere

58、straintordirectionoverthelatter.12.,.“一,.AsusedinthisAgreement"levy"shallmeanthedefinitiveorfinallegalassessmentorcollectionofadutyortax.Page7Article5InitiationandSubsequentInvestigation5.1 Exceptasprovidedforinparagraph6,aninvestigationtodeterminetheexistence,degreeandeffectofanyallegeddu

59、mpingshallbeinitiateduponawrittenapplicationbyoronbehalfofthedomesticindustry.5.2 Anapplicationunderparagraph1shallincludeevidenceof(a)dumping,(b)injurywithinthemeaningofArticleVIofGATT1994asinterpretedbythisAgreementand(c)acausallinkbetweenthedumpedimportsandtheallegedinjury.Simpleassertion,unsubstantiatedbyrelevantevidence,cannotbeconsideredsufficienttomeettherequirementsofthisparagraph.Theapplicationshallcontainsuchinformationasisreasonablyavailabletotheapplicantonthefollowing:(i) theidentityoftheappl