陕北黄土丘陵区论文陕北黄土丘陵区不同植被类型群落结构和土壤性质研究

1、陕北黄土丘陵区论文：陕北黄土丘陵区不同植被类型群落结构和土壤性质研究【中文摘要】本研究通过对陕北黄土丘陵区安塞县纸坊沟流域不同立地条件刺槐群落、沙棘群落、柠条群落、达乌里胡枝子群落、芦苇群落、冰草群落、茵陈蒿群落、沙打旺群落进行群落结构和土壤含水量、养分、酶的综合研究分析,得出主要结论如下:(1)本研究所涉及到的植物群落组成主要以双子叶植物为主,其次是单子叶植物。双子叶植物主要集中在蔷薇科、菊科和豆科,而单子叶植物主要集中在禾本科。因此蔷薇科、菊科、豆科和禾本科植物在该区的植物区系中占有重要的地位。其中刺槐群落主要由蔷薇科和菊科植物组成,沙棘群落、柠条群落、达乌里胡枝子群落、茵陈蒿群落、冰草群

2、落、沙打旺群落、芦苇群落主要由菊科和豆科植物组成。(2)在刺槐群落中,不同坡向群落均匀度指数、多样性指数、生态优势度指数差异性达到了显著水平(p沙棘群落>柠条群落,多样性指数表现为沙棘群落>柠条群落>达乌里胡枝子群落;在四种草本群落中,芦苇、沙打旺群落与茵陈蒿群落丰富度指数、均匀度指数存在显著差异(p冰草群落>沙打旺群落>芦苇群落。(3)不同植物群落土壤含水量空间变异表现为:不同立地条件的刺槐群落,在土层深度大于100cm时,阴坡群落土壤含水量大于阳坡群落;在土层深度大于120cm时,土壤含水量随着林龄的增长而增大;三种灌木群落在土层深度为0-260cm时,土壤含

3、水量变化幅度较大,且沙棘群落土壤含水量均低于其它群落;在土层深度为0-140cm时,柠条群落土壤含水量较高,而在土壤深层,达乌里胡枝子群落土壤含水量较高;几种草本群落土壤含水量表现为:芦苇群落土壤含水量相对较高,而茵陈蒿群落土壤含水量相对较低,但在土层深度为150cm以下,沙打旺群落土壤含水量均低于其它群落。(4)依据黄土高原地区土壤养分含量分级标准对不同群落土壤有机质、全氮,速效氮、速效钾、速效磷统计分析表明,该区这几种养分总体处于低水平。其中只有刺槐群落在土层深度为0-10cm时,有机质、全氮、速效钾含量属于较高水平,而速效氮、速效磷含量以及灌木、草本群落土壤有机质、全氮,速效氮、速效钾、

4、速效磷含量都属于低水平,有的甚至达到了极低水平。并且在土层深度为20cm以下时,所有群落速效钾、速效磷含量差异没有达到显著水平(p>0.05)。不同植被类型的群落对养分都具有表聚性效应。并且养分含量总体上表现为:乔木>灌木>草本,但达乌里胡枝子群落土壤养分含量不仅低于柠条、沙棘群落也低于芦苇、沙打旺群落。(5)该区不同植被类型群落对土壤酶具有表聚性效应,并且酶活性总体上表现为:乔木>灌木、草本。在刺槐群落中,可以说明坡向、林龄都是影响土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性的因子,而坡向是影响蔗糖酶活性的因子,林龄是影响淀粉酶活性的因子。(6)该区不同植被类型群落土壤pH值的变化范围较

5、小,并偏碱性,且随着土层深度的增加pH值呈增大趋势,且不同坡向pH值存在显著差异(p<0.05)。(7)通过对土壤因子间的相关分析得出,在不同植被群落中,土壤pH值与酶活性呈不同程度的负相关(p<0.05);土壤有机质与酶活性呈显著正相关(p<0.05),其中与碱性磷酸酶相关性达到了极显著水平(p<0.01);全氮与碱性磷酸酶活性也呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),并且速效氮、全氮与脲酶的相关性都达到了显著水平(p<0.05)。(8)在刺槐群落中,土壤含水量、土壤养分、土壤酶活性与均匀度指数、多样性指数、生态优势度指数均随着刺槐林龄的增长而增大。在灌木群落中,

6、丰富度指数、多样性指数与土壤养分、酶活性表现出一致的变化规律。在草本群落中,土壤含水量、养分含量、酶活性与群落丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数表现出一致的变化规律。【英文摘要】This study is a comprehensive research and analysis in community structure and soil moisture,nutrients,enzymes of locust communities in different site conditions,as well as sea buckthorn,Caragana,Lespedeza bicol

7、or,reeds,Agropyron,Artemisia and adsurgens community in Ansai County in the Hilly Area.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) There are different vegetation communities in the area,and mainly dicotyledonous plants.In locust tree,Rosaceae and Compositae are of which the major plants. Dicotyledon mai

8、nly in Rosaceae, Compositae and Leguminosae, and monocots, mainly concentrated in the grass. Therefore, Rosaceae, Compositae, Leguminosae and Gramineae flora in the area plays an important role. Locust community which mainly composed of the rose family, and Compositae, seabuckthorn communities, Cara

9、gana community, Lespedeza bicolor community, Artemisia community, wheatgrass community adsurgens community, mainly by Phragmites australis and beans Asteraceae Branch plants.(2) In the community of Robinia, the Pielous index, Diversity index, Ecological dominance index of different slopes community

10、difference achieved significant level(p 0.05). Different types of vegetation communities on nutrient accumulation effect has the table. And overall nutrient content as follows: that of tree is more than that of shrub,and that of herb is lowest, the soil nutrient of Lespedeza bicolor community is low

11、est.(5) The different vegetation types community on the soil enzyme have table effect, and the enzyme activity trees is more active than that of shrubs, herb. In the community in Robinia, show that slopes, plantation age are affected soil urease, catalase activity of factors, Slopes are the factors

12、of affect sucrase activity, forest age is influence factors of amylase activity.(6) The different vegetation types of soil pH change in a small range, and partial basic. Different slopes pH value has significant difference(p<0.05).(7) Based on the relationship between soil factor analysis, in the

13、 different vegetation community,soil pH value and enzyme activity are different degree of negatively correlated(p<0.05); Soil organic matter and enzyme activity positively correlated (p<0.05),with alkaline phosphatase which reached significant correlation(p<0.01); Total N and alkaline phosp

14、hatase activities also has significant positive correlation(p<0.01), available nitrogen, total nitrogen and urease correlation reached significant level(p<0.05). (8) In the community of Robinia, soil water,soil nutrients,soil enzymes activity and the Pielous index, Diversity index, Ecological

15、dominance index as the growth of robinia plantation age and increased. In the community of bush, the Margalefs index ,Diversity index and soil nutrients,soil enzymes activity showed consistent change rule. In the community of herbaceous, soil water, nutrient content,soil enzymes activity and the Mar

16、galefs index ,Diversity index, Pielous index showed consistent change rule.【关键词】陕北黄土丘陵区 不同植被类型群落结构 土壤含水量 土壤养分 土壤酶【英文关键词】loess hilly and gully regions of northern Shaanxi different vegetation types community structure soil water soil nutrient soil enzyme activities【目录】陕北黄土丘陵区不同植被类型群落结构和土壤性质研究 摘要 5-7

17、ABSTRACT 7-9 第一章 文献综述 13-18 1.1 选题依据、目的及意义 13 1.2 国内外研究进展 13-18 1.2.1 土壤养分研究 13-14 1.2.2 土壤水分研究 14-16 1.2.3 土壤酶研究 16-17 1.2.4 植物群落组成与群落物种多样性研究 17-18 第二章 研究区概况及研究内容与方法 18-21 2.1 研究区概况 18 2.2 研究内容 18 2.3 研究方法 18-19 2.3.1 野外调查 18-19 2.3.2 土壤含水量测定与土壤样品的采集 19 2.3.3 室内处理分析 19 2.4 数据处理 19-21 第三章 陕北黄土丘陵区刺槐群

18、落结构与土壤性质研究 21-39 3.1 刺槐群落结构特征 21-23 3.1.1 刺槐群落物种组成 21-23 3.1.2 刺槐群落物种多样性 23 3.2 刺槐群落土壤含水量空间变异 23-24 3.2.1 不同坡向刺槐群落土壤含水量空间变异 23-24 3.2.2 不同林龄刺槐群落土壤含水量空间变异 24 3.3 刺槐群落土壤养分空间变异 24-29 3.3.1 不同坡向刺槐群落土壤养分空间变异 26-28 3.3.2 不同林龄刺槐群落土壤养分空间变异 28-29 3.4 刺槐群落土壤pH 值空间变异 29-30 3.4.1 不同坡向刺槐群落土壤pH 值空间变异 29-30 3.4.2

19、不同林龄刺槐群落土壤pH 值空间变异 30 3.5 刺槐群落土壤酶活性空间变异 30-35 3.5.1 不同坡向刺槐群落土壤酶活性空间变异 30-33 3.5.2 不同林龄刺槐群落土壤酶活性空间变异 33-35 3.6 土壤性质间相关性分析 35-37 3.7 小结 37-39 第四章 陕北黄土丘陵区几种灌木、半灌木群落结构与土壤性质研究 39-54 4.1 几种灌木、半灌木群落结构特征 39-41 4.1.1 几种灌木、半灌木群落物种组成 39-41 4.1.2 几种灌木、半灌木群落物种多样性 41 4.2 几种灌木、半灌木群落土壤含水量空间变异 41-42 4.3 几种灌木、半灌木群落土壤养分空间变异 42-46 4.3.1 土壤有机质、全氮空间变异 44 4.3.2 土壤速效钾空间变异 44-45 4.3.3 土壤速效磷空间变异 45 4.3.4 土壤速效氮空间变异 45-46 4.4 几种灌木、半灌木群落土壤