武汉大学考博 翻译 真题

1、2003年真题脱贫 defeat povertyIt has already been 30 years since Richard Nixon announced fight against cancer, during which many specialists and scholars spent a huge sum of money trying to seek various ways to crack this hard nut. However, the death rate of cancer is still nearly as high as it was in the

2、 1970s. The American womens death rate of breast cancer is 5 to 30 times as high as that of women in many other countries. In Thailand, only 2 to 5 out of every 100,000 women died of breast cancer, whereas in the united states 30 to 40 women meet that fate. Among all reasons, no one denies that diet

3、 is a large part of the reason. Some scientists hold, “its our greatest exposure to the environment because humans put 2 to 3 pounds of food into their bodies every day.” Hence we should place a great emphasis on good eating habit, though correct eating habit may not eliminate cancer, it can help re

4、duce the risk of cancer.2004An officer in charge of poverty-relief work says by the end of 2004, although the majority of poor people will have resolved their food and clothing problem, there will still be some people living in extreme poverty, who are still in need of governments financial support.

5、 In addition, the present living conditions must be improved for those who have just freed themselves from poverty. These people may fall back into poverty if hit by natural disasters, since their production and living conditions have not been changed fundamentally. Besides, the current standard for

6、 poverty line is very low, a long-term hard struggle will be required to ensure a better life for the Chinese people as a whole. Many changes are taking place in the Chinese diet. As is known to all, china has a long history in her food culture. Chinese people often spend a lot of time in cooking al

7、l sorts of delicious food by using meat, vegetables, bean products, and so on, which is extremely incompatible with the fast pace of modern society. Nowadays, we have many alternatives to choose from: nutrition-balanced healthy food, convenient and delicious fast food in addition to traditional home

8、-cooked meal. Because of short noon break, people tend to spend less time in having lunch. Thus cheaper fast food has become a favorite with Chinese people, especially the youngsters. 20051. he was a extremely conceited monster. Never for a moment did he look at the world or at people, except in rel

9、ation to himself. To himself, he was not merely the most important person in the world, but also in his eyes he was the only person who existed. He considered himself to be one of the greatest playwrights, one of the greatest thinkers, and one of the greatest composers in the world. If you hear him

10、talk, it looks as if he were the mixture of shakespeare, Beethoven, and plato. You have no trouble hearing him talk. He was one of the most exhausting conversationalists that ever lived. An evening spent with him was an evening spent in listening to his monologue. At times, he was brilliant, at othe

11、r times, he was annoyingly tiresome. But whether he was brilliant or dull, he had only one topic of conversation: himself, what he thought and what he did.2. he arrogantly thought he was always in the right. The slightest hint of disagreement, from anyone, on the most trivial point, was enough to se

12、t him off on a harangue that might last for several hours, in which he proved himself right in so many ways. With such exhausting volubility, that finally the hearers, stunned and deafened, would agree with him for the sake of peace. 2006Philologist 语言学家 grammarian 文法家Linguistics is inarguably the m

13、ost hotly contested property in the academic realm. It is soaked with the blood of poets, theologians, philosophers, philologists, psychologists, biologists, neurologists, along with whatever blood can be got out of grammarians. Most work currently done under the name of “linguistics” is purely desc

14、riptive. Linguistics seek to clarify the nature of language with out passing value judgments or trying to chart future language directions. Nonetheless, there are many professionals and amateurs who also prescribe rules of language, holding a particular standard out for all to follow. Whereas prescr

15、iptivists might want to stamp out what they perceived as “incorrect usage”, descriptivists seek to find the root of such usage. They might describe it simply as “idiosyncratic” , or they may discover a regularity that prescriptivists dislike, because it is perhaps too new or from a dialect they dont

16、 approve of. During the latter half of 20th century, the precriptive tradition has fallen under increasing criticism, manifested by their faintly disapproving tone of this entry, but prescriptive tradition is far from extinct. 20071. today, the goal of alma-ata declaration seems more distant than th

17、ey were 25 years ago. Deep economic inequalities and social injustices continue to deny good health to many people and persist as obstacles to continued health gains worldwide. There is also great variation in the pace and level of health gains among and within countries around the world. One possib

18、le explanation is that health sector reform as part of structural adjustment programmed of the world bank has not been conclusively shown to improve inequalities. In some cases, they may have worsened them. Now we are faced with 4 key challenges for health research: moral values, equality and virtue

19、, sustainable health research system, favorable research environment, knowledge production and application. To rise to the challenges, health-care system and health research system should together move into a learning and problem-solving mode, integrate innovation into their operations, better manag

20、e the opportunities for future development and growth. There are no quick fixes, no simple solutions, and much remains to be learned. 2008Nowadays, education is probably one of the most controversial and hotly-contested topics. When a countrys economic growth in the future depends more and more on s

21、cience and technology, education plays a decisive role in its future. Today enjoying the privilege of receiving education is not confined to a very small number of people. The development of education is so rapid that it has now become a huge industry. As a matter of fact, it is the biggest industry

22、, which employs more people and pays more wages than any other national enterprise. Some educational organizations are very attractive in packing whereby they can enhance popularity and attract students. In a sense, education has become a commodity. Educators may feel uncomfortable with the idea of

23、commercialization. However, except for few exceptions, most universities are already involved in the process of evolving into large-scale profitable manufactures. Cultivating mentality is no longer sought-after, promoting salable skills has become a fashion, which is the tragedy of education. Needle

24、ss to say, a certain imaginative way to rescue education from its decline and joint efforts should have appeared long ago. Competitive tests should be replaced by quality-oriented education, learning by rote should give way to cultivating creativity and ability to resolve practical problems. Only in

25、 this way can we greet a genuine progress of education. 2009Science is the body of knowledge about nature that represents the collective efforts, insights, findings, and wisdom of the human race. Science is not something new but had its beginning before recorded history when humans first discovered

26、reoccurring relationships around them. Through careful observation of these relationships, they began to know nature, and because of natures reliability, they also found that they could make predictions to enable some control over their surroundings. Scientists are a small group of people who strive

27、 to gain insight into nature, seeking order in seeming disorderliness. They are credited with a special ability to think and analyze, with infinite patience to observe and collect data. However, ability and patience dont account for all scientific discoveries, which often have much to do with creati

28、ve imagination. Indeed a leap of imagination is often the first step towards discovery. Beside, scientists are also noted for their honesty. They place a high premium on honesty largely because honesty is essential to their career. Every theory they formulate is subject to further testing. Every mis

29、take or lie is bound to be found out. Therefore, if any evidence is found contradicting their ideas, scientists dont suppress the evidence but modify or even abandon their ideas. In this way they have built up an immense body of knowledge, which helps us to better understand ourselves and the world

30、around us.2010Since china introduced the policy of reform and opening-up, it has found a road for promotion and development of human rights that suits its reality. China is a developing country in the east, with a long history and a huge population, but with a relative shortage of resources and weal

31、th. To promote human rights in such a country, china cant copy the mode of human rights development in western developed countries, nor can it copy the methods of other developing countries. China can only start from its own reality and explore a road with its own characteristics. Since the Chinese

32、reform and open-policy, china has, on the basis of summing up its historical experiences and drawing lessons from them, found a way to build socialism with Chinese characteristics, and therefore has found a way to promote and develop human rights which is in line with the countrys reality. This mean

33、s putting the rights of subsistence and development in the first place. Under the condition of reform, development, and stability, human rights development was promoted in an overall way. The characteristics of this road are, in terms of the basic orientation of developing human rights, that we stic

34、k to the principle of developing productivity and promoting common prosperity, based on the improvement of the living standards of the entire people and promoting the human rights of the entire people, in terms of the order of priority, the top priority is given to the rights to subsistence and deve

35、lopment, while taking into account peoples political, economic, social and cultural rights and the overall development of individual and collective rights. In terms of the methods of promoting and guaranteeing human rights, we stress that stability is the prerequisite, development is the key, reform

36、 is the motive power, and government according to law is the guarantee. Over the past 20 years, china has stuck to this correct road for development. As a result, not only have the living standards and mental outlook of the Chinese people changed greatly, but a set of relatively complete political a

37、nd legal systems that guarantee the peoples democratic rights have been formed. thus great progress has been made in putting human rights into a legal and institutional framework, and chinas human rights development has been improving constantly. 2012年 翻译The diversity of the worlds civilization is a

38、 basic hallmark of human society and an important driving force that propels human progress. The current world has 6 billion inhabitants living in more than 200 countries and regions. They break into over 2500 ethnic groups and speak more than 5000 different languages. Because of the difference in h

39、istorical tradition, religious belief, cultural background, social system, values, and level of development, those countries and regions are often different from one another. Its these differences that make our planet dazzling, colorful, and bustling with life. Such diversity of civilization is the

40、legacy of history and will stay with us into the future. Instead of harboring bias against or deliberately belittling other civilizations, we should give full respect to the diversity of civilization all over the world. Instead of shutting each other out in mutual exclusion, we should encourage dial

41、ogues and exchanges between civilizations so that they can learn from each other in mutual emulation. Instead of demanding uniformity and foisting ones will on others, we should promote common development of all civilizations in the course of mutual tolerance and seeking agreement while shelving dif

42、ferences. With the globalization of economy and advancement of new, scientific and technological revolution, the interconnection and interdependence among countries are developing in depth, but this doesnt mean allowing of ignoring and weakening the status and role of a nations sovereignty. Its nece

43、ssary to have greater democracy of international relations. Practices indicate that the disregard for other nations sovereignty, the practice of the big oppressing the small, the strong bullying the weak, the pursuance of hegemonism and power politics wont work.2011真题In the 20th century, mankind created material and spiritual wealth unmatched by any other era in history. It was also in these 100 years that humanity experienced unprecedented hardships, particularly