牛津英语AUnitKnowyourselfGrammar（张）ppt课件

1、 Unit 1 Know yourself (Grammar A) 121. or 否则 相当于一个否定条件句。 Hurry up, or youll be late. 快点，否则你就要迟到了。 (If you dont hurry up, youll be late.)2. and这样的话，就会，相当于一个肯定条件句 Study hard, and you can get good grades. 努力学习，你就会取得高分。 (If you study hard, you can get good grades.)3. but 但是，可是，而 前后分句是转折关系 Mr Mott is ver

2、y poor, but he feels happy. Mott先生很穷，但他感到快乐。4. so于是，因此 并列具有因果关系的两个分句。 We wanted to learn the English songs, so we asked the teacher to teach us.我们想学英文歌，于是请老师教我们。 3The sky is blue. Everythingis beautiful.The sky is blue andand everything is beautiful.The Golden Gate Bridge is interesting. The Golden

3、Gate Bridge is wonderful.The Golden Gate Bridge is interesting and wonderful.andand4The pyramids are small butbut look just like the real ones.The pyramids are small. The pyramids look just like the real ones.The pyramids are small. We are looking forward to visiting it.The pyramids are small but we

4、 are looking forward to visiting it.butbut5I will visit Paris by myself.My mother will show mearound Paris.I will visit Paris by myself orormy mother will show me around Paris. I will go to France by plane. I will go to France by train.I will go to France by plane or by train.oror6Taking the plane i

5、s very fast.We can go there by plane.Taking the plane is very fast sowe can go there by plane. 71. I am active and energetic. I love working with people.2. He doesnt like to talk much. His work shouts.用用“and”，“but”，“or”，“so”连接句子。连接句子。I am active and energetic，and I love working with people.He doesnt

6、 like to talk much, but he is work shouts.We useand” to join ideas that are similar.We usebut to join ideas that are different. 83. I can be a good teacher. I can be a good doctor.= I can be a good teacher _ a good doctor.4. He does not like singing. He does not like dancing.= He does not like singi

7、ng _ dancing. 用用“and”，“but”，“or”，“so”填空。填空。or or We use or to introduce another possibility. In negetive sentences, (在否定句中在否定句中)we use or to join two or more ideas.9I want to share the best art with people. I am always searching for something better or different.= I want to share the best art with p

8、eople, _ I am always searching for something better or different.用用“and”，“but”，“or”，“so”填空。填空。so We use so to express the result of sth. “因此因此”10We useand to join ideas that are similar.We use but to join ideas that are different.We use or to introduce another possibility. (In negetive sentences, we

9、 use or to join two or more ideas.)We use so to express the result of sth.11一一. 用用and , but, or或或so 填空填空1.We went there by bus _ we got there on time. 2. Would you like some apples _bananas ?3. I want to go traveling , _ I havent got enough money . 4. You can find some news _ interesting stories on

10、the Internet. 5. He is only a child, _ he knows a lot.andorbutandbut125. Which is better , Class 1 _ Class 2 ?6. She is too fat, _ she has to do more exercise. 7. Peter_ James is going to give us a talk about English tomorrow. 8. I help him _he helps me.9. Tom was hungry, _ his mother made him a san

11、dwitchorsoorandso13二二. 用用and ,but ,or改写句子改写句子1. It is sunny . Our city looks more beautiful. 2. He invited me to the meeting. I am very busy so I cant go. .It is sunny, and our city looks more beautiful.He invited me to the meeting, but I am very busy so I cant go.14 3. On Sunday you can go horse ri

12、ding . You can listen to pop music at home. 4. The little boy is very young. He knows more things than the other children. On Sunday you can go horse riding or listen to pop music at home.The little boy is very young, but he knows more things than the other childern.15P12 1. Kitty is kind, but somet

13、imes she is impatient.2. Billy would not accept others advice or think twice.3. Judy is gentle, so/and she never gets angry with others.4. Suzy worries too much, so she cannot sleep well sometimes.161. Mary likes music_Tom is found of sports. A. and B. but C. both A and B2. I failed again, _ I wont

14、give up. A. and B. but C. so3. This is my first lesson, _ I dont know your names. A. and B. but C. soand : : 表对等表对等 “和、并且和、并且” but: 表转折表转折 “但是但是”so: 表因果表因果 “所以所以”and, or, but, so 基本用法基本用法174. Which do you like better, apples, _ pears? A. and B. but C. or5. Now we have no time _ money. A. so B. and C

15、. oror: 1. 用于用于疑问疑问句句, , 表表选择选择 2. 用于用于否定否定句句, , 表表并列并列186. Try your best _ youll make more progress. A. and B. but C. or7. Dont lose heart, _ youll lose all. A. and B. so C. orand and 和和 or or 都可以在祈使句中使用都可以在祈使句中使用. . and 通常是比较好的结果通常是比较好的结果; ;or 则表示不愉快或不理想的结果则表示不愉快或不理想的结果. . and, or, but, so 基本用法基本用

16、法198. Its getting warmer _ warmer. A. and B. but C. or9. He or the twins _ the USA. A. comes from B. come from C. is from10. Not Tom but I _ going to give the talk. A. am B. is C. areadj.比比 + and + adj.比比 表示越来越表示越来越A or B 和和 not A but B 结构作主语时，结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用谓语动词要使用就近原则就近原则。and, or, but, so 特殊用法特殊用法2

17、011. Although I have passed the exam, _ I am not pleased with the result. A. and B. but C. /and, or, but, so 特殊用法特殊用法although 和和 but 不能同时出现。不能同时出现。2112. Both Peter and I _ going to Guangzhou. A. are B. is C. am13. Either apples or rice _ Ok. I am hungry. A. are B. is C. /14. Neither I nor my parents

18、 _ to tell you the truth. A. wants B. want C. is going to15. Not only I but also Jane _ sure that well win. A. is B. are C. ambothandeitherorneithernornot onlybut also以上结构做主语，除以上结构做主语，除bothbothandand 谓语要用复数谓语要用复数外，其余都使用就近原则。外，其余都使用就近原则。22“so + be 动词/情态动词/助动词+主语” 小小诊所： so前面的句子都是肯定句。若前面的句子是否定句,那就不能用so

19、引导这个句子了,而应该用“Neither/Nor + be 动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”(某人也不） “ He is a Chinese.” “ So am I.” “Tom can dance.” “ So can Mary.” “Mother will go to Beijing.” “So will I.” I have been to America. So has Li Lei. She likes English. So do they. Lily played basket yesterday. So did Lucy.（某人也是） 表示前一句中主语的肯定情况也适用于后者，在时

20、态上应和前一句保持一致，但两句的主语应是不同的两人。例如：. 23“Neither/Nor + be 动词/情态动词/助动词+主语” (某人也不）表示前一句中主语的否定情况也适用于后者，前后两句的主语是不同的。 “ He isnt a Chinese.” “ Neither am I.”“Tom cant dance.” “Neither can Mary.”“Mother wont go to Beijing.” “Neither will I.” I havent been to America. Neither has Li Lei.She doesnt like English. Ne

21、ither do they. - Lily didnt play basketball yesterday. - Neither did Lucy. “I dont like playing with that girl.” “Neither does he.”24 “so +主语+ be 动词/情态动词/助动词” ( 的确如此）两句中的主语是同一人 -Its a bad day today. -So it is. -John studies English well. -So he does.25 ( ) 1.- I used to go out for a walk after suppe

22、r. - _. A.So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I D.So I did ( ) 2. -She has a nice watch. -_. A.So has she B. So she has C.So does she D.So she does ( )3.-Mary wasnt invited yesterday. -_. A.So was I B. Neither was I C.So did I D. Neither did I ( )4.-Ann has made great progress recently. -_ and_. A. S

23、o has she;so have you B. So has she;so you have C. So she has;so you have D. So she has;so have you BDBD26 Unit 1 Know yourself (Grammar B) 27 Both可作形容词、代词或副词用，意思是可作形容词、代词或副词用，意思是“两个两个”、“双方双方”、“两个都两个都”。在句中可作主语、宾语或同位。在句中可作主语、宾语或同位语。语。 如：如：Both are right.(主语主语) I like both.(宾语宾语) Both pencils are mine

24、.(同位语）同位语）三者呢？三者呢？28一、一、Both和和both of后都可接复数名词，构成名词词组。后都可接复数名词，构成名词词组。 Both后的名词前可有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词后的名词前可有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定，也可没有；作修饰限定，也可没有；both of后的名词前却一定要有后的名词前却一定要有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定。定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定。Both of后可接人称代词宾格，后可接人称代词宾格，both后则不可；但人称代词后则不可；但人称代词宾格后可接宾格后可接both。29二、二、Both与动词连用时，大多数放在系动词与动词连用时，大

25、多数放在系动词be之后，其它动之后，其它动词之前。词之前。 His parents workers. They reading. 若句中谓语动词包含情态动词或助动词时，若句中谓语动词包含情态动词或助动词时，both大多放在大多放在第一个情态动词或助动词之后。第一个情态动词或助动词之后。 The bridges be built this year. kate and Mary gone to England.30 三、三、Both可与可与and构成并列连词，连接两个性质相同并在构成并列连词，连接两个性质相同并在句中作相同成分的并行结构。句中作相同成分的并行结构。 Both he and his

26、 brother are good at English.(连接两连接两个主语个主语)她能歌善舞。玛丽既友善又漂亮。31both+ 名词复数名词复数of the ns / 代词代词. and .作作主语主语看作看作复数复数1.二个女孩都来自英国。二个女孩都来自英国。2.科学和数学二门都很难。科学和数学二门都很难。_ _ _ _ England._ _ _ _ _ England.Both girls are / come fromBoth of the girlsare / comefrom_ science _ maths _ hard.Bothandare3.I can speak _ C

27、hinese _ English.both and32四、含四、含both的句子变为否定时，是将的句子变为否定时，是将both改为改为neither。两个男孩都聪明。两个男孩都聪明。两个男孩都不聪明。两个男孩都不聪明。并不是两个男孩都聪明并不是两个男孩都聪明( (一个聪明一个愚笨一个聪明一个愚笨) )。不完全否定不完全否定含含bothand的句子变为否定句时，将的句子变为否定句时，将bothand改为改为neithernor.，连接的两个部分若是名词，可以是单数，连接的两个部分若是名词，可以是单数，也可以是复数。也可以是复数。331. not only. but (also).1. not o

28、nly. but (also).在句中常用在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分，来连接两个对等的成分，alsoalso可以省略。如：可以省略。如：He is learning not only English but He is learning not only English but (also) French. (also) French. （连接两个宾语）（连接两个宾语）他不但在学英语，而且还在学法语。他不但在学英语，而且还在学法语。She speaks Russian not only in class She speaks Russian not only in class but (a

29、lso) at home.but (also) at home.她在课堂上和家里都说俄语。她在课堂上和家里都说俄语。 （连接两个地（连接两个地点状语）点状语）34Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents are fond of watching football matches. 不但周霞，而且她的父母都喜欢看足球比赛。Not only you but also he is tired of having one examination after another.不但你，而且他也讨厌一次接一次的考试。35Not only is the teacher hi

30、mself interested in foreign films，but also all his students are beginning to show an interest in them. 不但老师自己对外国电影感兴趣，就连他所有的学生也开始对外国电影感兴趣了。Not only does Miss Li like music, but (also) she likes sports. 李小姐不但喜欢音乐，而且还喜欢体育。364. 4. not only but also 中的中的 not only 不能不能分开使用，但分开使用，但 but also 却可以分开使用。例却可以分开

31、使用。例如：如：The area was not only hit by an unexpected heavy rain， but some bridges were also washed away.375. not only but also 5. not only but also 连接两个并连接两个并列成分时，可以省略列成分时，可以省略 but but 或或 also also ，也，也可以把可以把 but also but also 都省略掉。例如：都省略掉。例如：I not only heard it but （ also ） saw it.He was not only com

32、pelled（被迫）（被迫） to stay at home，（，（ but ） also forbidden（禁止）（禁止） to see his friend.She not only finished the task ahead of time， （ but also ） she came to help us.38【注意注意】使用中注意两点：使用中注意两点：1 1、就近。指谓语形式取决于离它近的主语。、就近。指谓语形式取决于离它近的主语。Not only the students but also the Not only the students but also the teac

33、her reads English every day.teacher reads English every day.2 2、一致。、一致。not only not only 与与 but alsobut also后面所接后面所接的词类要一致。的词类要一致。She can not only sing but also dance.She can not only sing but also dance.39【用法小结用法小结】1. not only but also 1. not only but also 应连接两个相对称的应连接两个相对称的并列成分。例如：并列成分。例如： Not onl

34、y Mr Lin but also his son joined Not only Mr Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. the Party two years ago. （连接两个主语）（连接两个主语） I not only play tennis but also practise I not only play tennis but also practise shooting. shooting. （连接两个谓语动词）（连接两个谓语动词） He plays not only the piano but also

35、the He plays not only the piano but also the violin. violin. （连接两个宾语）（连接两个宾语） They speak English not only in class but They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory. also in the dormitory. （连接两个地点状语）（连接两个地点状语）40Either -or-Neither-nor-41either : 指两者中的任意一个。either.or.意为或者或者；不是就是之意。表示两者

36、之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分 neither: 指两者中没有一个，全否定。 neither.nor.表示既不也不。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。 42Bent: Hi Sam, what do you think? We can go to the tomb today. We can also go there tomorrow. Sam: Lets go tomorrow. The students are all too tired today. One complained that the room was not clean and not comfortable.W

37、e can go to the tomb either today or tomorrow.One complained that the room was neither neither clean nor very comfortable.43Ben: Well, I think the rooms are very clean and comfortable, and I slept very well in mine. Did you notice that Marco and Peter did not come to the talk?Sam: I suppose they wer

38、e tired, but thats not a very good excuse. Well, after visiting the ruins tomorrow, we can then relax. We can go to the Dragon Restaurant. The Phoenix Restaurant is also very good. Did you notice that neither Marco nor Peter come to the talk?We can either go to the Dragon Restaurant or the Phoenix R

39、estaurant.44Either you or I can go there tomorrow. subjectI either stay at home or go shopping. verbWe could choose to eat either noodles or rice . object They are going there either by train or by air. adverbial45 Neither you nor I can go there tomorrow. subjectI neither stay at home nor go shoppin

40、g. verbWe could choose to eat neither noodles nor rice . object They are going there neither by train nor by air. adverbial46When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. Either my uncle or my parents is going there tomorrow. Neither they nor she is good at drawing. He does not do it, either d

41、oes he try. Either of the films is good. There were trees and flowers on either side of the street. areneither47If you dont go to the party, I dont too.Are either you or I going there tomorrow?Both dad and mum is at home today. Neither of his cats has been fed. Both he and I are right.eitherare48Eit

42、her用于句末，表示否定的“也”，类似tooEither +nounEither of +nounEither-or-就近原则Neither用于句首，表示否定的“也”，倒装（nor）Neither+ nounNeither of +nounNeither-nor-就近原则49Neither teacher often answers the questions.这两个老师，没有一个经常解答问题。Either teacher often answers the questions.这两个老师中有一们常常解答问题。50I dont know both his teachers.他的两位老师我并非都

43、认识。（半否定）I know neither his teachers.他的老师我都不认识。（全否定）511.Jim doesnt like football. Tom doesnt like football， either. =Jim doesnt like football. Neither （nor）does Tom. =Neither Jim nor Tom likes football.2.He cant speak either Japanese or Chinese . =He can speak neither Japanese nor Chinese.52Either yo

44、u or he has lunch at school. 其一般疑问句应为：Do either you or he have lunch at school? 是你还是他在学校吃午饭？ ?53 both and， too， 用于肯定句与neither nor， either， 是相反的Susan likes playing the violin.Shirley likes playing it， too.=Susan likes playing the violin， so does Shirley.=Both Susan and Shirley like playing the violin

45、.54Amys family and classmates Amys family and classmates B1B1 Amy is writing about what her family does at the weekend. Help her complete the sentences with the correct conjunctions. 1._ my dad _ my mum goes to work at the weekend. We visit my grandparents on Saturdays. 2._ my mum _ my grandma are g

46、ood at cooking. They cook lunch for us. 3._ my mum _ my dad does the dishes after lunch. I also help with it. 4.In the afternoon, my grandpa and my dad _ play chess _ chat with each other. 5.My mum _ helps clean the rooms for my grandparents _ does some shopping for them. 55Amy and Suzy are talking

47、about what jobs their classmates can do in Amy and Suzy are talking about what jobs their classmates can do in the future. Complete their conversation with the correct the future. Complete their conversation with the correct conjunctions and the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.conjunctions an

48、d the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. B2B2Amy: Suzy: Amy: Ive learnt about jobs and personalities recently. Really? What jobs do you think our classmates can do in the future? I think Millie would make an excellent teacher. Shes (1) _ willing to work with children _ patient with them. What a

49、bout Simon? Hes active and good at playing football. I think he can be (2) _ a PE teacher _ a football player. Do you think David and Lisa can be artists? Theyre very organized, but artists should be creative. (3) _ Davids _ Lisas personality (4) _ (be) suitable for being an artist, Im afraid. Who c

50、an be a manager? (5) _ Judy _ Paul (6) _ (be) very confident and energetic. I think they can be managers. How can I learn about jobs and personalities? You can read about them (7) _ from some books _ on the Internet. Suzy: Amy: Suzy: Amy: Suzy: Amy: Suzy: Amy: 56( )1. Can I park my car here？ Yes，you

51、 can park on ( ) side of the street. （苏州市） A. either B. neither C. both D. all( )2. We asked John and Henry some easy questions，but ( ) of them could answer them. （上海市） A. none B. both C. all D. neither( )3. Which is more useful， biology or chemistry？ I think ( ) them are useful. （广州市） A. either of

52、B. none of C. both of D. all of( )4. ( ) Lily ( ) Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. （吉林省） A. Not only；but also B. Neither；nor C. Both；and D. Either；orADCD57正误辨析正误辨析1.1.误误 Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now. Both my parents are not here. They wen

53、t to the concert just now. 正正 Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. 析析 在英语中在英语中bothboth一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意义也不同于一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意义也不同于汉语，如：汉语，如：Both of us are not right. Both of us are not right. 在英语中应被理解为

54、在英语中应被理解为 我们俩不都对。我们俩不都对。 而而Neither of us is rightNeither of us is right。 才能被理解为才能被理解为 我们俩无一正确我们俩无一正确 。2.2.误误 He or his parents has some tickets for the film. He or his parents has some tickets for the film. 正正 He or his parents have some tickets for the film. He or his parents have some tickets for

55、the film. 析析 由由or or 连接两主语时，谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。连接两主语时，谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。3.3.误误 You should study hard, and you wont pass the exam. You should study hard, and you wont pass the exam. 正正 You should study hard, or you wont pass the exam. You should study hard, or you wont pass the exam. 析析 or or作为连词，

56、这里的意思为作为连词，这里的意思为 否则否则 。又如：。又如：Hurry up, or youll be Hurry up, or youll be late for school.late for school.4.4.误误 Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. 正正 Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. Though he is poor, he is ready to

57、help others. 正正 He is poor, but he is ready to help others. He is poor, but he is ready to help others. 析析 虽然虽然但是但是 是中文中的常用结构，但在英文中用了是中文中的常用结构，但在英文中用了 虽然虽然 则不要则不要用用 但是但是 ，用了，用了 但是但是 则不能再用则不能再用 虽然虽然 ，二者只可用其一。，二者只可用其一。58正误辨析正误辨析5.5.误误 Either you or I are on duty. Either you or I are on duty. 正正 Either

58、 you or I am on duty. Either you or I am on duty. 析析 eitheror eitheror 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应，连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应，这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有or, neither nor, not onlybut alsoor, neither nor, not onlybut also等。等。6.6.误误 Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school Tom is

59、 our English teacher and teaching English in our school now. now. 正正Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now.now. 析析 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重复，但不是所有词并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重复，但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时，后面的那个系动

60、词不可省都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时，后面的那个系动词不可省略，也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。略，也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。7.7.误误 My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. 正正 My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. 析析 由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是