高中英语语法之动词过去分词

1、高中英语语法之动词过去分词简介规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了.2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成.Heisretired.他已退休.3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.过去分词构成规则1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed。

2、"work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2) 、以“e结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d°”ive-lived-lived,(3) 、以“辅音字母+y结”尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“ed。”study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried,(4) 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed。”stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped-dropped2、不规则动词，见不规则表一、当过去分词作为表语Thecityiss

3、urroundedonthreesidesbymountains.这座城市三面环山.【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.(1) Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)(2) Thelibraryisnowclosed.图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing形式来修

4、饰物.(3) ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.二、当过去分词作为定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面

5、语中.Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3. 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.三、当过去分词作为状语1

6、. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.（1）Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.【注意】written为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost（迷路）;seated（坐）;hidden（躲）;stationed（驻扎）;lost/absorbedin（沉溺于）;born（出身于）;dressedin（穿着）;tiredof（厌烦）.（2）Lost/Absorbedindeepthou

7、ght,hedidn'thearthesound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.（1）Givenanotherhour，Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题.（given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I，即I被再给一个小时.）（2）_Seenfromthetopofthehill，thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮.（seen为过去分词作状语，表"被看"，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必

8、须是城市，而不是"我们"，因为"我们"应主动看城市.）【注意】如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.（1）Thesignalgiven，thebusstarted.信号一发出，汽车就开动了.（thesignal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句主语thebus就不是given的逻辑主语.（2）Herheadheldhigh，shewentby.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.（herhead是heldhigh的逻辑主语，因此主句主语she就不再是heldhigh的逻辑主

9、语.）3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.（1）Caughtinaheavyrain，hewasallwet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了.（caughtinaheavyrain为过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain.）（2）_Growninrichsoil，theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快.（growninrichsoil为过去分词作条件状语，它来源于条件状语从句Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil.【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可

10、保留连词，构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语.Whengivenamedicalexamination，youshouldkeepcalm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.4. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.Hestoodtheresilently，movedtotears.=Movedtotears，hestoodtheresilently.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶.四、当过去分词作为宾语补足语（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see,w

11、atch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等.（1）IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.（过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;）（2）_Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他发现他的家乡变化很大.（过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found）2. 表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have,make,get,keep,leave等.（1）I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发.(2)He

12、gothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了.(3) Don'tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完.3.表示思维活动的动词如consider，know，think等后。如：(1)Iconsiderthemattersettled.我认为这件事解决了。(2)Ithoughtmyselfwrongedsomehowinthebargain.我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。4.表示爱憎?意愿的动词如want，wish，like，hate等后。如：(1)Iwantedtwoticketsreserved.我要预定两张机票。(2)Hed

13、idn'twishitmention他不愿这事被提起。【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.Hehadhismoneystolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如:Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿断了.(自己的经历)五、"with+宾语+过去分词"的结构此结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,

14、withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)(4)_Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前眼睛注视着他.(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿.练习1. Mr.Smith

15、,ofthespeech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring2. Ongettingtothekindergarten,themotherwasgladtoseeherbabywell.A.lookedforB.caredforC.takecareofD.caredafter3. Thetwooldsisters,solong,heldeachotherandburstintotears.A.beingseparatedB.havingbeenseparatedC.having

16、separatedD.hadbeenseparated4. Let'shavearest.Theworkmademevery.A.tired;tiredB.tiring;tiringC.tired;tiringD.tiring;tired5. Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphonetothesystem,sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewitheachprogramthatturnsout.A.addingB.tohaveaddedC.toaddD.added6.

17、 Asweallknow,newspapers,magazinesandradiosaswellastelevisionbroadcastscankeepusaboutwhatishappeningintheworld.A.informingB.toinformC.informedD.beinginformed7. Everyonewasbyhisprogresswhichhemadeduringthetwomonths.A.surprised;surpriseB.surprised;surprisedC.surprised;surprisingD.surprising;surprising8

18、. Whenheturnedaround,hefoundapairofeyeshim.A.lookingB.watchatC.fixingonD.staringat9. Thefilmyousawlastlightwasmadeonatruestorythathappenedmanyyearsago.A.baseB.tobebasedC.basedD.basing10. Afterhiswork,theteachercametohelpmewithmyEnglish.A.finishedB.beingfinishedC.havingfinishedD.befinishing11. Follow

19、thedirectionsonthebottlecarefullywhenthemedicine.A.youwilltakeB.takingC.totakeD.taken12. Thestudents,theirteachers,camehome.A.followedB.followC.followingD.willfollow13. Thelong-lastingwar,filledwithbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople'sasdness,noresult.A.reachedB.toreachC.wouldreachD.reaching14. Theyspe

20、ntthenightintheroom.A.havinglockedB.lockingC.tobelockedD.locked15. Hewrotealettertotheking.A.hopingtobesetfreeB.tosethimfreeC.sothatbesetfreeD.askedtobesetfree16. Stevenhasdevotedallhislifetofilms,andKate,hiswife,isalsotothedutyofherprofession.A.make;devotedB.making;devotingC.making;devotedD.make;de

21、voting17. inthedark,hisheadhitagainstatree.A.WalkingB.HewaswalkingC.WalkedD.Whenhewaswalking18. Timeshouldbemadegooduseourlessonswell.A.oflearningB.tolearnC.tolearningD.oftolearn19. Thefilm,truestoryofthisRedArmygeneral,attractedpeople'sinterestallovecountry.A.isbasedonB.isonthebaseofC.whichisth

22、ebaseofD.basedupon20. Shereturnedhomefromthemarketonlytofindthedooropenandanumberofthings.A.stoleB.missingC.missedD.losing21. itrains,wewillstayathome.A.SupposedB.SupposingC.TosupposeD.Ifsuppose22. withyours,ourlibraryistoosmallasize.A.Comparing;inB.Comparing;ofC.Compared;inD.Compared;of23. It's

23、dangeroustocarryahotpanwithoil.A.burningB.burntC.burnD.burns24. Weweretoldthatthestonefigurebacktothe16thcenturywasofgreatvalue.A.datedB.datingC.comingD.kept25. Theboylayonhisback,histeethandhisglaringeyesstraightupwards.A.set;lookedB.set;lookingC.setting;lookedD.setting;looking26. intheforest,hehad

24、toaskforhelpbysendingoutsignals.A.HavinglostB.LosingC.LostD.Hewaslost27. TheGoldenGateBridge,severalhundredyearsago,isworldwidefamous.A.whichisbuiltB.whichbuiltC.havingbuiltD.built28. Isuggestedthecheatintoprison.A.referredtobeingputB.referredbeputC.referredshouldbeputD.referredtobeput29. ,Iwentoutf

25、orawalk.A.TherewasnothingtodoB.TherebeingnothingtodoC.TherehadnothingtodoD.Hadnothingtodo30. Hereturnedhometolearnthatthegirlhadbeenmarriedthesecretaryvillage.A.becameengagedtohimB.wasengagedtohimC.engagedtohimbeforeD.gotengagedtohim31. atfailinginthemathsexam,Johnwouldn'tliketotalkaboutittohisp

26、arents.A.DisappointedB.TobedisappointedC.DisappointingD.Havingdisappointed32. inthedarkcave,hewasnotafraidofbeingfoundbyenemysoldiers.A.Hidden;armedB.Hide;armedC.hidden;armD.Hiding;armed33. Tohavethewonderfulclothnewclothes,theyhadthemachinealldaylong.A.madeof;runningB.madeof;runC.madeinto;workingD.

27、madeinto;work34. TheWorldTradeOrganizationfinallyopeneditsdoortoChinaonNovember10,ourChinese15-yearwait.A.toendB.endedC.endingD.ends35. Ifinwetsand,thevegetablescanfreshforalongtime.A.beingburied;remainB.buried;remainC.buried;beremainedD.burying;remain36. overandoveragain,buthestillcouldn'tunder

28、stand.A.HavingexplainedB.havingbeenexplainedC.ExplainingD.Ithadbeenexplained37. Everything,theplanisfairlypractical,youcanputitintopractice.A.consideringB.takenintoconsiderationC.toconsiderD.takingintoconsideration38. fromthemoon,ourearth,withwaterseventypercentofitssurface,appearsasablu“eball”.A.Se

29、en;coveredB.seeing;coveringC.Seen;coveringD.Tosee;tocover39. Agreatbigfellow,around250pounds,walkedwithslowheavynoisyfootstepsuptotheproducercounterinthesupermarket.A.weighedB.weighingC.weighsD.weighty40. -Theplanisofgreatimportancetoeverybody.-Isee.Heissuretofinishitontime.A.madeB.makingC.tobemadeD

30、.tomake41. Fromthedatesonthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked42. Hearingthegoodnews,Ifeltaheavyloadmymind.A.takingoffB.tobetakenoffC.havingtakenoffD.takenoff43. Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,withtheireyesA.widelyopenB.wideopened

31、C.widelyopenedD.wideopen44. Thescientistcametothemeetingwithhiswifehim.A.beingsupportedB.supportingC.supportedD.support45. Thenoiseofthemachinescanbeclearlyheardinourclassroom.A.fixedB.beingfixedC.tobefixedD.havingbeenfixed46. Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydisputeD.assettledwit

32、htheaudienceonbenches,C.seatedD.seat'tseemsodisappointing.D.TobelookedatA.beingsettledB.tobesettledC.hadsettled47. Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,chairs,orboxes.A.havingseatedB.hisway,thesituationdoesnA.TolookatB.LookingatC.Lookedat49.inarecenttotaling$21,000.A.Tobejudgedth

33、ebestC.Judgedthebest50.Thepresidentpromisedweregoingon.A.informB.informingsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipsB.HavingjudgedthebestD.JudgingthebesttokeepalltheboardmembersC.beinformedD.informedofhowthenegotiations51. withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.A.

34、TofaceB.HavingfacedC.FacedD.Facing52. WhenthefirstEnglishsettlersarrivedintheNewWorld,theIndiansjewellerymadeofanimalbonesgreetedthemwarmly.A.wearingB.towearC.wornD.havingworn53. ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepicturesinyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formi

35、ngD.havingformed54. Whenfirsttothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced55. Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhenatthemeetingbymyboss.A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned56. inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthatheha

36、dlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited57. Theflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt58. Thedisc,digitallyinthestudio,soundedfantasticattheparty.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded59. Havi

37、ngbeenattackedbyterrorists,.A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists60. bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanthertwodaysonthefarm.A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted61. Theoldman,abroadfortwentyy

38、ears,isonthewaybacktohismother.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked62. LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown63. theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwodays.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Notcompleted64.

39、 Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren'acstionsagainstthelawsgetparents.A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry65. Helookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting66. Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyouwon'thavetimetobeforetheparty.A.getchangedB.get

40、changeC.getchangingD.gettochange67. Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,.A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted68. Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked69. Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriagethegirlandtookheraway,int

41、othewoods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing70. time,he'llmak-eclasfisrsttennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given71. Generallyspeaking,accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken72.

42、Friendshipislikemoney:easiermadethan.A.keptB.tobekeptC.keepingD.beingkept73. Unlesstospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited74. Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainswhethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen75. Th

43、eresearchissodesignedthatoncenothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun76. tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'shealth.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed77. Thebelltheendoftheperiodrang,ourheateddiscussion.A.indicating;interruptingB.indicated;in

44、terruptingC.indicating;interruptedD.indicated;interrupted78. MrReedmadeuphismindtodevotedallhehadtosomeschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup79. fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsu

45、ffered80. Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout81. in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding82. Thepictureonthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.han

46、gsD.beinghung83. TheboywaslastseenneartheEastLake.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay84. thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven85. Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake86. inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose87. Theladysaidthatshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20do