消化与营养练习题1

1、营养一、单项选择题1 以下哪种氨基酸对于婴幼儿来说是必需氨基酸（B）A精氨酸   B组氨酸    C丝氨酸      D胱氨酸2 浮肿型蛋白质热能营养不良主要是由于缺乏哪种营养素（A  ）A蛋白质      B热能       C维生素      D矿物质3 下列哪种营养素缺乏会引起巨幼红细胞贫血（C）A锌  

2、;   B铁   C叶酸    D尼克酸4 下列非超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的主要组成成分是（A）A铜    B铁    C锌      D硒5 牛奶中含量最低的矿物质是以下哪一种（B  ）A钙     B铁      C钾      D钠6 膳食中可促进铁吸收的因素是（

3、A  ）A抗坏血酸    B脂肪酸         C草酸      D植酸7 具有抗氧化作用的维生素是（C  ）A维生素A    B维生素D       C维生素E       D叶酸8 食物中长期缺乏维生素B1易引起（C ）A蛋白质热能营养不良  

4、;   B癞皮病     C脚气病        D败血病9 人体所需的一部分尼克酸vitamin PP可由体内哪种氨基酸转化（C）A苏氨酸    B赖氨酸     C色氨酸Trp     D蛋氨酸10 下面那种食物中蛋白质含量最高（D）A肉类    B奶类    C水果  &#

5、160;    D大豆11 RDA指的是（A ）A推荐营养素供给量  B适宜摄入量  C可耐受的高限摄入水平  D估计平均需要量12粮谷类食物蛋白质的第一限制性氨基酸为（D  ）A苯丙氨酸  B蛋氨酸   C苏氨酸   D赖氨酸13消瘦型蛋白质热能营养不良主要是由于缺乏哪种营养素：（B）A蛋白质   B热能    C维生素        D矿物质14 下列哪

6、项是糖尿病患者的典型症状之一  （B）A肥胖     B多尿     C高血压         D佝偻病15 维生素B2的良好来源是  （D）A白菜       B菠菜        C大米      D动物肝脏16 与老年人容易发生的腰背

7、酸痛有较密切关系的营养素是  （B）A钠    B钙           C铜        D维生素A17 下列哪项不是脂类的营养学意义  （D）A促进脂溶性维生素吸收B提供能量 C构成机体组织和重要物质  D提供必需氨基酸18 下列哪项不是维生素的特点  （C）A天然食物组成成分  B维持健康所必需   C每日需要较多

8、60; D维持人体生长19 维生素A的主要来源是  （D）A马铃薯     B梨子    C小麦   D动物肝脏20. 味觉减退或有异食癖可能是由于缺乏(A)  A.锌     B.铬     C.硒     D.钙21 下列哪项不是维生素D在人体的缺乏症  （B）A在成人发生骨软化症      &

9、#160;    B在儿童发生癞皮病C在婴幼儿发生佝偻病           D在老年人可发生骨质疏松症22 婴幼儿常见的营养问题不包括  （D）A缺铁性贫血                   B缺锌所致生长发育迟缓C缺乏维生素D所致佝偻病   &

10、#160;   D缺钙所致骨质软化症23老年人发生腰背酸痛时在营养学上首先应考虑的疾病是  （D）A骨质软化症  B类风湿性关节炎  C更年期综合征  D骨质疏松症24钙的最好来源是  （C）A小虾皮   B各种瓜子  C奶及奶制品  D白菜25下列有关脂类的说法中哪一项不正确  （A）A促进必需氨基酸吸收           B胆固醇是合成维生素D的原料C每克可提供9kcal

11、能量         D可提供脂溶性维生素26 被世界卫生组织列为营养调查中必测项目的三项指标是  （D）A坐高、身高、头围             B体重、身高、头围C胸围、头围、体重             D体重、身高、皮褶厚度27糖尿病患者的理想体重（Kg）计算

12、公式为  （B）A.身高（cm）100   B.身高（cm）105   C.身高（cm）110   D.身高（cm）11528 治疗时应适当增加膳食纤维摄入的疾病是  （A）A高脂血症    B骨质疏松症     C缺铁性贫血        D生长发育迟缓29尿负荷试验可用来评价下列哪些营养素的体内营养状况  （B）A维生素E   

13、60; B赖氨酸     C维生素A   D尼克酸30下列哪组全部是人体必需氨基酸  （B）A天门冬氨酸、苯丙氨酸  B亮氨酸、赖氨酸  C缬氨酸、精氨酸  D苏氨酸、脯氨酸31与儿童佝偻病关系较密切的营养素有（C）A铁、碘   B氯化钾、必需脂肪酸   C钙、维生素D   D葡萄糖、必需氨基酸32 人体营养状况评价不包括（C）A膳食调查  B临床生化检测  C个人经济状况调查 D人体测量33 硫胺素缺乏所致疾病是（

14、D）A光过敏性皮炎   B癞皮病   C骨质疏松症   D脚气病34 孕妇营养不良对母体及胎儿的影响不包括（A）A母体发生骨质疏松症              B胎儿宫内发育迟缓C低出生体重儿                   

15、 D胎儿先天畸形35 与能量代谢无关的维生素是（B）A硫胺素  B维生素A   C尼克酸  D核黄素36 锌吸收与下列哪一项因素无关（B）A植酸  B维生素K  C膳食纤维  D维生素D37 婴幼儿常见的营养问题有（A）A蛋白质-热能营养不良  B骨质软化症   C高胆固醇血症  D高血脂症38 下列哪些矿物质在孕妇膳食中强调要增加  （C）A钙、氯、钠、钾   B铁、锌、铬、锰   C钙、铁、锌、碘   

16、D铜、钙、碘、硒39下列哪项不是维生素A缺乏时眼部的表现（B）A干眼病、角膜溃疡  B色盲症   C生长发育受阻  D皮肤粗糙Topic: Carbohydrates   Top of Form 1.         The short term requirement for dietary carbohydrate A.     is based on energy needB.   

17、;   is based on the type of carbohydrate neededC.     there is no short-term requirementD.     is based on gender and body size2.         Digestion of carbohydrate in the large intestine A.   

18、60; does not occur  B. involves the bacterial flora  C. includes only galactose  D. none of the above3.         In general, feeding sucrose to mammals: A.     increases sucrase activityB.      decreas

19、es sucrase activityC.     has no effect on sucrase activityD.     none of the above4.         The glycemic index: A.     measure of blood glucose levelsB.      a measure of th

20、e relative ability of a carbohydrate to raise the blood glucose levelC.     a measure of glycogen concentration of the muscleD.     none of the aboveE.         Top of Form5.        

21、; Which is not a physical property of dietary fiber: A.     water-holding capacity  B. binding free fatty acids  C. bile acid binding  D. none of the above6.         Dietary fiber can: A.     reduce postpr

22、andial glycemic responseB.      increase postprandial glycemic responseC.     has no effect on postprandial glycemic responseD.     none of the above7.         The plasma cholesterol lowering eff

23、ect of water-soluble fiber affects mainly A. saturated fatty acids   B. HDL fractions  C. LDL fractions   D. none of the above8.         In general, dietary fiber: A.     significantly increases vitamin absorptionB.

24、      significantly decreases vitamin absorptionC.     has no effect on vitamin absorptionD.     none of the above9.         Dietary fiber: A.     increases transit time in th

25、e large intestineB.      decreases stool weightC.     concentrates large intestinal contentsD.     none of the above10.     The two most prevalent saturated fatty acids in the American Diet are: A.   myris

26、tic acid and palmitic acidB.    stearic acid and palmitic acidC.   stearic acid and oleic acidD.   linoleic acid and lauric acid11.     Bile acids help to: A.   break the bonds of triglyceridesB.    esterfy fatty acidsC.

27、   solubilize fatty acidD.   have no effect on fatty acid digestion12.     Which fatty acid does not have an effect on serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations: A. lauric acid    B. myristic acid     C. palmitic acid  &

28、#160; D. stearic acid13.     Which lipoprotein is considered the major atherogenic agent A. LDL    B. VLDL      C. HDL      D. LLDL14.     The major action of n-3 fatty acids on plasma lipoprotei

29、ns is: A. to lower LDL     B. to lower HDL    C. to lower triglyceride levels  D. to increase HDL1. Which amino acid is not considered essential: A. Histidine B. tryptophan C. proline D. valine2.        The amount of nitrogen

30、 excreted regardless of the amount of dietary intake is called: A. nitrogen balance B. obligatory nitrogen loss C. urea D. nitrogen catabolism3.        An amino acid score is used to: A. adjust for possible differences in amino acid composition among foodsB. establ

31、ish the amino acid recommendationC. establish amino acid recommendations for pregnancy and lactationD. account for differences in digestibility among amino acids4.        The protein requirement for those over the age of 51 is: A. greater than that for younger popu

32、lationsB. the same as that for younger populationsC. lower than that for younger populationsD. There is no requirement for those over 51 years of age.5.        According to the RDA, the 70% adjustment in the protein requirement for lactation represents: A. an unkno

33、wn factorB. an adjustment for statistical error arising from the factorial methodC. an adjustment to correct for the efficiency in the conversion of dietary protein to milk proteinD. the average nitrogen in milk protein6.        The equation of high quality protein

34、s is most likely only accurate in which populations: A. Adolescence B. early infancy C. adulthood D. all populations7.       It can be argued that _and _are the only true dispensable (non-essential) amino acids because they can be synthesized by mammals via reductive am

35、ination of the appropriate keto acid. A. glutamic acid and serineB. lysine and theronineC. glycine and leucineD. there are no dispensable amino acids8. Young et al. suggest that the nitrogen balance studies of Rose: A. may have overestimated basal amino acid needsB. were highly accurate in estimatin

36、g basal amino acid needsC. may have underestimated amino acid needsD. represented the maximal amount of daily nitrogen needs9. The transport for di- and tripeptide absorption in the intestinal lumen is: A. the same as that for signal amino acidB. a Na+ dependent transport systemC. a passive transpor

37、t systemD. a Na+/K+ exchange system10.   It is estimated that at least _of basal energy expenditure is used in maintaining whole-body protein synthesis. A. 10% B. 20% C. 30% D. 40%Topic: Lipids 1. The two most prevalent saturated fatty acids in the American Diet are: A.   &#

38、160; myristic acid and palmitic acidB.      stearic acid and palmitic acidC.     stearic acid and oleic acidD.     linoleic acid and lauric acid2.         Bile acids help to: A.   

39、  break the bonds of triglyceridesB.      esterfy fatty acidsC.     solubilize fatty acidD.     have no effect on fatty acid digestion3.         Which fatty acid does not have an effect on s

40、erum LDL-cholesterol concentrations: A. lauric acid B. myristic acid C. palmitic acid D. stearic acid4.         Which lipoprotein is considered the major atherogenic agent A. LDL B. VLDL C. HDL D. LLDL5.         The majo

41、r action of n-3 fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins is: A. to lower LDL B. to lower HDL C. to lower triglyceride levels D. to increase HDL6.         Top of Form Monounsaturated fatty acids: A.     increase serum lipid similar to SFA'sB.&

42、#160;     decrease serum lipid as compared to SFA'sC.     have no effect on serum lipid levelsD.     none of the above7.         In general, hydrogenated fatty acids used in foods (margarines, sho

43、rtenings, etc.): A.     decrease serum lipid levelsB.      increase serum lipid levelsC.     unknown, as there have been no controlled experiments to test thisD.     none of the above8.     

44、    Which of the following fatty acids is the most likely one that will effect serum cholesterol levels: A. C8 B. C18 C. C14 D. none of the above9.         In general, studies in nonhuman primates have found that the relationship between dietary

45、 SFA's and serum cholesterol: A.     is significantly different than that observed in humansB.      does not include SFA's, but is more related to PUFA'sC.     are not valid because nonhuman primates do not have serum chole

46、sterolD.     none of the above10.     Dietary intake of SFA's is: A.     a poor predictor of serum triglyceride levelsB.      a good predictor of serum triglyceride levelsC.     no controlled

47、 studies have been completedD.     none of the aboveTop of Form11.     In one study, substituting monounsaturated fat for half of the saturated fat was found to reduce CHD risk more than substituting carbohydrates for half of the saturated fat. True False12.&#

48、160;    31 . Trans-fatty acids appear to have their greatest effect on: A. HDL B. Triglycerides C. LDL D. VLDL13.     32. Which of the following does not effect the measurement of serum HDL? A.     fluctuations in weightB.    

49、;  fastingC.     excessive alcohol intakeD.     short term (1-2 days) changes in one's diet14.     In a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine researchers showed that women eating a diet high in monounsaturated fats

50、 were better protected against heart disease than were women consuming diets high in poly-unsaturated fats. True False15.     Serum HDL concentration is not an important marker for heart disease. True FalseTopic: Vitamins 1.         Dietary

51、 supplement manufacturers are required to: A.     provide the FDA with data on the safety of the new supplementB.      provide extensive research evidence on the safety of the product.C.     submit to the FDA information that supports

52、their conclusion that a new ingredient can reasonably be expected to be safe.D.     provide nothing to the FDA2.         Which federal agency regulates claims made in the advertising of dietary supplements. A. USDA   B. NIH 

53、C. FDA   FTC3.         According to Dr. P. Thomas, osteoporosis is uncommon in several countries with relatively low calcium intakes. True   False4.         The supplement industry is required to foll

54、ow several federal manufacturing and formulation standards. True  False5.         The Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study suggested that: A.     Vitamin E supplementation had no effect on the incidence of heart diseaseB.   

55、;   Vitamin E supplementation reduced the risk of nonfatal heart attack by 77%C.     vitamin E supplementation increased the risk of fatal heart attack in smokers by 16%D.     Vitamin E supplementation reduced the risk of nonfatal heart attack in wom

56、en only.6.         Although one study showed that selenium supplementation may prevent certain types of cancer, which of the below is not a reason that cast serious doubts on the results: A.     The study sample was too small.B.  

57、    The study was designed to investigate only the effect of selenium supplementation on cancer.C.     The study was performed on women only. D.     The study was performed on a population that had low selenium intakes.7.    

58、     Evidence that supplemental zinc strengthens the immune system is fairly strong. True  False8.         Select the best answer concerning the effect of dietary protein on calcium metabolism: A.     The effect of

59、dietary protein on bone calcium content is likely to be small.B.      Dietary protein decreases urinary calcium excretion.C.     Dietary protein decreases glomerular filtration rate.D.     The current RDA for calcium may not off-set th

60、e effect of protein on calcium metabolism.9.         True or False: Absorption of colloidal minerals is enhanced because of their natural negative charge. True  False10.     Which of the following does not distinguish guidelines from n

61、utrient standards? A.     They frequently are established for food components for which RDAs have not been establishedB.      They include recommendations for nonessential food componentsC.     They are expressed in relation to the tot

62、al dietD.     They are recommendations, not requirements11.     Which organizations oversee the publication of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? A. USDA and DHHS  B. USDA and NIH   C. NIH and DHHS   D. DHHS and FDA12.  &#

63、160;  Which of the following statements is true concerning the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? A.     Information on the food guide pyramid should not be includedB.      The vegetarian diets are not compatible with the dietary guidelinesC. 

64、60;   Weight gain with age is discouraged13.     Which of the following is considered a food guide? A.     The RDAsB.      The Food PyramidC.     The Dietary Guidelines for AmericansD.   

65、60; The Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act14.     Select the most accurate statement concerning the Food Pyramid: A.     The total amount of fat in the diet should be kept below 25%B.      The amount of energy provided by a diet f

66、ollowing the Food Pyramid range from 900-1500 kcalsC.     100% of the RDA for protein vitamins and minerals (except iron) will be met by following the recommendation of the Food PyramidD.     Serving sizes and serving amounts are given for all categories on th

67、e Food PyramidTopic: Energy Balance 1.         Validity refers to: A.     repeatability or reproducibility of resultsB.      whether the method measures what it is supposed to measureC.     if th

68、e answer that you received is the correct oneD.     if the testing device is working correctly2.         Although weighted-food dietary records are considered by most to be highly accurate, some have found that: A.     c

69、aloric intake increases over time using this methodB.      estimates of micronutrients are normally under-reportedC.     caloric intake decreases over time using this methodD.     estimates of macronutrients are normally over-reported3

70、.         Which is not a weakness of the 24-hour food recall method: A.     portion size is difficult to estimate accuratelyB.      trained interviewers are requiredC.     intakes tend to be unde

71、rreported compared with other methodsD.     time period is defined4.         Which method of dietary intake was used primarily for the surveys conducted by the USDA and the USHHS: 5.         A. 24-hou

72、r recall B. food frequency questionnaire C. food record D. diet history6.         Which is not a strength of the food frequency method: A.     procedure can be administered by mailB.      response rates are highC.&#

73、160;    period of recall is preciseD.     respondent burden is usually light7.         The discovery that the life-sustaining process of respiration was merely a form of chemical combustion was made by: 8.   &#

74、160;     A. Rubner B. Lusk C. Lavoisier D. Ravussin9.         The greatest contributor to total daily energy expenditure is: A.     thermic effect of exerciseB.      resting metabolic rateC. 

75、;    facultative thermogenesisD.     thermic effect of food10.     The effect of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on the thermic effect of food appears to be mediated through: A.     alpha1-adrenoreceptors B. beta2-adrenorece

76、ptors C. alpha2-adrenoreceptors D. beta3-adrenoreceptors11.     Any decrease in RMR with age can generally be explained by: A.     a decrease in FFM B. altered thyroid function C. altered SNS function D. decreased thermic effect of food12.   

77、60; Regarding facultative thermogenesis, it has been suggested that: A.     absolute energy intake is more important than energy balanceB.      energy balance is more important than energy intakeC.     energy intake is more important t

78、han energy expenditureD.     energy expenditure is more important than energy intake13.     What type of food intake measurement was used in the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII)? 14.     A. 24-hour recall B. food rec

79、ord C. in person interviews D. food frequency15.     As consumption of reduced fat foods has been rising, so has calorie consumption. 16.     True False17.     According to the CSFII, men and women: A.     consume more t

80、han the recommended intake of fiber.B.      consume less than the recommended intake of fiber.C.     consume about the recommended intake of fiber.D.     There is no recommendation for fiber intake.18.     Which fac

81、tor is most consistently linked to long term weight loss and maintenance? 19.     A. low-fat diet B. low-calorie diet C. low-carbohydrate diet D. physical activity20.     On any given day, about 79% of Americans eat fruit. 21.     True FalseTopic: Nutritional Standards     1.         The other country or countries involv