《新编简明英语语言学教程》1-6章复习题集

1、英语语言学概论课程复习题集 （1-6章）2012-5-16 更新Chapter I Introduction2012II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:1. If a linguistic study describesand analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to bed_escriptive.（prescriptive /lay down rules）2. Chomsky d

2、efines “ competence （语言能力）as the ideal users knowledge of therules of his language.3. Langue的言）refers to the a bstract linguistic system shared by all themembers of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions,（惯伤J）and application of the rules.43. D uality is one of the

3、 design features of human language which refers tothe phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.5. Language is a system of a rbitrary vocal symbols used for humancommunication.6. S ocialinguistics is the stu

4、dy of language in relation to society.7. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called y_tax.8. Human capacity for language has a enetic basis, but the details of languagehave to be taught and learned.9. Performance _借言能力）_ r

5、efers to the realization of langue in actual use.10. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of suchapplications is generally known as a_pplied linguistics.11. Language is p in that it makes possible the construction andocialinterpr

6、etation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard be 12. Linguistics is generally defined as thes cientific study of language.13. To help define and maintain interpersonal relations is the s functi

7、on of language.III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.1. The description of a language in a fixed instant 时亥 U )is a study.A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. systematic2. The application of linguistics principles and the

8、ories to language teaching and learning is called.A. sociolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. computational linguisticsD. Applied Linguistics3. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be.A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguistic4. Which

9、of the following is not a design feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Meaningfulness5. Modern linguistics regards the written language as.A. primaryB. correctC. secondaryD. stable6. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because .A. in

10、linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueD. All of the above7. Many modern linguists have criticized traditional gramm

11、arians for adopting a approach to language study.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. prescriptiveD. descriptive8. A historical study of language is a study of language.C. prescriptiveD. comparative9. According to F. de Saussure,refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech

12、community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. Language10. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between and meanings.A. senseB.soundsC. objectsD. ideas11. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediat e 当前） situations of the speaker. This featur

13、e is called, A. displacementB. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural transmission12. The distinction between langue and parole was made by early last century.A. American linguist N. ChomskyB. Swiss linguist F. de SaussureC. American linguist Edward SapirD. British linguist J. R. Firth13. The fact that di

14、fferent languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is.A. arbitrary B. rational C. logical D. cultural2. What are the main features of human language that have been specified by C. Hockett to show that it is essentially different from animal communication sys

15、tem?Chapter 2 : Phonology11. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:27. Affricate_（破差音）refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds.28. A_rticulatory_ （发音）phonetics describes the way our speech organs work to produce the spee

16、ch sounds and how they differ.29. The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b_ilabial_ sounds.30. Of all the speech organs, the _ongue is the most flexible, and is responsiblefor varieties of articulation than any other.31. English consonants can be classified

17、 in terms ofnanner of articulation or in terms of p_lace of articulation设音部位）.32. When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly （可听见的） released and the air passing out again is called a s_top.33. S_uprasegmental_音段）feat

18、ures are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tonef调）,intonation （语 调），etc.34. The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called sequential 仔歹!J）rules.35. The transcription （标音） of speech sounds with letter-symbols o

19、nly is called broad transcription （宽式） while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics （变音符）is called narrow transcription.（严式）36. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation_（语调）.3

20、7. P_honology is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of aparticular language and how sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication.38. If you say door, new, two, senior, zoo, you will notice that the first sounds in all these words area_lveolar（齿音艮音）sounds.

21、 The t and s are voiceless, and d, n and z are voiced. Only n is nasal.39. The articulatory apparatus （器官）of a human being are contained in threeimportant cavities: the pharyngeal （咽月空）cavity, the oral（ 月空）cavity and the nasal cavity.40. T_one （音调）are pitch （音调）variations, which are caused by the di

22、ffering rates of vibration （震动）of the vocal cords （声带）and which candistinguish meaning just like phonemes （音位）.41. Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: word stress ans_entence stress.III. There are four choices following each of the statements below.

23、 Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:1. The study of thephysical properties of speech sounds is called phonetics.A. acoustic （声学）B. articulatory C. Auditory （听觉） D. allomorphic2. The sound /f/ is.A. voiced palatal affricateB. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless velar fricative D. voice

24、less labiodental fricative（齿音，摩茶）3. Of all the speech organs, the is/ are the most flexible.A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords4. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are sounds.A. voicelessB. voicedC. vowelD. consonantal5. is a voicedalveolar （齿音艮） stop.A. /z/B. /d/ C. /k/D./

25、b/6. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones.A. identicalB. sameC. exactly alikeD. similar7. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are

26、said to be.A. in phonemic contrast （音位对立）B. in complementary distribution （同一音位的不同变体）C. the allophones音位变体）D. minimal pair （对小对立体） 9. A vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintainingthe highest position.A. backB. centralC. frontD. middle10. Palatal (鄂音)semi-vowel refers

27、to the sound.A. nB. hC. wD. j11. A phoneme is a group of phonetically similar sounds called.A. minimal pairsB. allomorphsC. phonesD. allophones12. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segme

28、nts are called.A. phonetic componentsB. immediate constituentsC. suprasegmental featuresD. semantic features13. A(n)is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phoneB.soundC. allophoneD. phoneme14. The different phones which can re

29、present a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the of that phoneme.A. phonesB.soundsC. phonemesD. allophones15. A vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintainingthe highest position.A. back B. central C. frontD. middle16. The sounds that begin and end the

30、 words church and judge are voiceless and voiced, respectively.( C )A. stopsB. fricativesC. affricatesD. plosivesIV. Answer the following question:1. How are the English consonants classified?2. Explain with examples the sequential rule, and the assimilation rule in phonology.Chapter 3 : MorphologyI

31、I. Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:1. Root is the part of the word left when all the affixes（司缀）are removed.2. Morpheme 丽素）is the smallest meaningful unit of language.3. Bound_ morphemes are those thaCannot be used independentlyout have to be combined with o

32、ther morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.4. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and d_erivational affixes.5. A s is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original wordand it may case change its part of speech.6. C_ompound is the combination of two or sometimes

33、 more than twowords to create new words.7. The word snowfall is a word formed by joining two separate words, i.e.“snow” an“fall. This newly formed word is generally regardedorapound.III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that canbest complete the statement:1. The morph

34、eme “vision“ in the common word “television“ is a（n）.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme2. The compound word “ bookstore“ is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound .A. is the sum total of the meaning of its componentsB. can a

35、lways be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D. None of the above.3. -s in the word “books is.A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root4. Which of the following is NOT a compound word?A. Rainbow B. Milkshake C. Icy

36、-cold D. Unpleasant5. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of.A. the first elementB. the second elementC. either the first or the second elemD. both the first and the second elements.6.are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined wi

37、th other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A. Free morphemesB. Bound morphemesC. Bound wordsD. Words7.is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A. Syntax B. Grammar C. Morphology D. Morpheme8. The meaning carried by the

38、 inflectional morpheme is.A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic9. Bound morphemes are those that.A. have to be used independentlyB. can not be combined with other morphemesC. can either be free or boundD. have to be combined with other morphemes.10. modify the meaning of the stem, but u

39、sually do not change the part of speech of the original word.A. Prefixes B. Suffixes(后缀)C. Roots D. Affixes11. are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists.A. WordsB. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences12. “-s in the word “books is .A. a derivative affixB. a stem

40、C. an inflectional affixD. a root13. Which of the following does NOT belong to“open class words ” ？A. Nouns B. Adjectives C. Conjunctions D. Adverbs14. In the word unreliable, the prefix un-” “is a(n)morpheme.A. freeB. boundC. rootD. inflectional15. Morphemes that represent “tense ” ,number ：gender

41、： case ” aspect, degree and so forth are called morphemes.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational16. The English word “modernizers is composed of morphemes.A. fourB. threeC. twoD. five17. Which of the following affix differs from others?A. TyB. Fess C. Tng D. fulV. Think of a morpheme suffix a

42、nd a morpheme prefix, give their meaning, and specify the types of stem they may be suffixed to. Give at least two examples of each.Suffix:Meaning:Stem type:Examples:Prefix:Meaning:Stem type:Examples:Chapter 4 : Syntax11. Diagram the constituent structure of the following sentenceand name the differ

43、ent constituents. （ IC analysis）The passenger train from Chicago will arrive in Atlanta after midnight.Chapter 5 SemanticsII. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:1. Semantics can be defined as the study of meaning.2. The conceptualist view holds that

44、 there is nodirect link between a linguisticform and what it refers to.3. R_eference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world;it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.4. Words that are close in meaning are call

45、es_ynonyms.5. When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are calledh_omophones 回音异型异义）.6. Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship （关系）between the two items are calledrelational opposites.氏系反义）7. What is communicated by virtue of what languag

46、e refers to is the r meaning of a word.8. Relational oppositesare pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items.9. C omponential（成分分析）analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.10. Whether a sentence is seman

47、tically meaningful is governed by rules calleds restrictions, which are constraints on what lexical items can go with whatothers.11. According to the n theory of meaning, the words in a language are taken tobe labels of the objects they stand for.111. There are four choices following each statement.

48、 Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:1. The naming theory is advanced by.A. PlatoB. BloomfieldC. Geoffrey LeechD. FirthA. the conceptualist viewC. the naming theory4. “Can I borrow your bike?”A. is synonymous withC. entails2. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps. This state

49、ment representsB. contexutalismD. behaviourismB. is inconsistent with“ You have a bike：D. presupposesB. Componential analysisD. Grammatical analysis5.is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.A. Predication analysisC. Phonemic analysis

50、6. “alive” and dead areA. gradable antonymsB. relational oppositesC. complementary antonymsD. none of the above7. deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SemanticsD. Sense8. refers to the phenomenon that words hav

51、ing different meanings have the same form.A. PolysemyC. HomonymyB. SynonymyD. Hyponymy9. Words that are close in meaning are called.A. homonymsB. polysemyC. hyponymsD. synonyms10. The kind of antonymy between married and single is one ofA converse B relationalC complementary D gradable11. According

52、to the componential analysis, the word“girl ” and “womandiffer in the feature of .A. HUMNAN B. ANIMATE C. MALE D. ADULT12. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by.A. grammatical rulesB. selectional restrictionsC. semantic rulesD. semantic features13. The words stationary and stationery are i

53、dentical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning. They are.A. complete homonymsB. homographsC. hyponymsD. homophones14. In the following pairs of words, are a pair of complementary antonyms.A. old and youngB. male and femaleC. hot and coldD. buy and sell15. The relationship between violet” “

54、 andtulip is.A. co-hyponyms B. superordinate C. hyponyms D. antonyms16. “Can I borrow your bike? ” You have a bike. ”A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposesIV. Answer the following questions.1. How can words opposite in meaning be classified? To which category does each

55、of the following pairs of antonyms belong?deep/shallow (gradable antonymsmarried/single (complementary antonyms)sour/sweetgradable antonyms teacher/student(elational opposites) asleep/awakecomplementary antonyms)2. What are the major types of synonyms in English?（dialectal synonyms;stylistic synonym

56、s;synonyms in emotive and evaluative meaning; collocational synonyms;semantically different synonyms）3. What might make a grammatically meaningful sentence semantically meaningless?Chapter 6 : PragmaticsII. Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:1. P_ragmatics is t

57、he study of how speakers of a language use sentences toeffect successful communication.2. The notion of context is essential to the pragmatic study of language.3. All the speech acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same illocutionary（言外之力）point, but they differ in their strength or force.4. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an u.5. The meaning of a sentence is a_bstract, and decontextual