最新生物化学及分子生物学试验常用缩略语

1、生物化学及分子生物学实验常用缩略语（教学团队的范浩讲师编制）英文缩写英文名中文名A(1)absorbance吸收率(2)absorbency吸收Acracrylamide丙烯酰胺ADPadenosinediphosphate二磷酸腺昔，腺昔二磷酸AMPadenosinemonophosphate腺背一磷酸，腺昔酸Ampampicillin氨苇青霉素AMVavianmyeloblastosisvirus禽类成髓细胞瘤病毒APSammoniumpersulfate过硫酸镂ARanalyticalreagent分析纯试剂ATPadenosinetriphosphate三磷酸腺昔，腺昔三磷酸ALTal

2、aninetransaminase丙氨酸转氨酶BACbacterialartificialchromosome细菌人工染色体BisN,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamideN,N'-亚甲双丙烯酰胺BSAbovineserumalbumin牛血清白蛋白bpbasepair碱基对ccc-DNAcovalentlyclosedcircularDNA共价闭环DNAcDNAcomplementaryDNA互补DNACEcapillaryelectrophoresis毛细管电泳Chcholesterol胆固醇CPcreatinephosphate磷酸肌酸DEPCdiethy

3、lpyrocarbonate焦碳酸二乙酯DNAdeoxyribonucleicacid脱氧核糖核酸dsDNAdoublestrandedDNA双链DNAdsRNAdoublestrandedRNA双链RNADTTdithiothreitol二硫苏糖醇EBethidiumbromide溟乙锭E.coliEscherichiacoli大肠杆菌EDTAethylenediaminetetraaceticacid乙二胺四乙酸EGTAethyleneglycolbis(2-aminoethyl)tetraaceticacid乙二醇二乙醛二胺四乙酸ELISAenzyme-linkedimmunosorbe

4、ntassay酶联免疫吸附测定（法）FAMCarboxyfluorescein竣基荧光素FCMflowcytometry流式细胞仪FITCfluoresceinisothiocyanate异硫氧酸荧光素FPLCfastproteinliquidchromatograpgy快速（蛋白）液相层析G6PDglucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase葡糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶GFPgreenfluorescenceprotein绿色荧光蛋白GSTglutathione-S-transferase谷胱甘肽S转移酶Hbhemoglobin血红蛋白HEPES4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)

5、-1-piperazineethanesulfonicacid4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸His,Hhistidine组氨酸HPLChighperformanceliquidchromatography高效液相层析Hspheatshockprotein热休克蛋白IEFisoelectricfocusing等电聚焦IPTGisopropyl-&D-thiogalactoside异丙基-3D-硫代半乳糖普kbkilobasepair千碱基对kDakilo-Dalton千道尔顿KmMichaelisconstant米氏常数LDHlacticdehydrogenase;lactatedehydroge

6、nase乳酸脱氢酶mRNAmessengerRNA信使RNAMWmolecularweight分子量NBTnitrotetrazoliumblue氯化硝基四氮唾蓝NCnitrocellulosemembrane硝酸纤维素膜oc-DNAopencircularDNA开环DNAODopticaldensity光密度PAGEpolyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PCRpolymerasechainreaction聚合酶链反应PKCproteinkinaseC蛋白激酶CPIisoelectricpoint等电点PMSFphenylmethanesulfony

7、lfluoride苯甲基磺酰氟RNaseribonucleaseRNA酶PBSphosphatebufferedsalinePBS缓冲液RNAiRNAinterferenceRNA干扰RPMroundperminute每分钟转数RQ-PCRReal-timequantitativePCR实时定量PCRRT-PCRreversetranscriptionPCR反转录PCR,逆转录PCRSDSsodiumdodecylsulfate十二烷基硫酸钠siRNAsmallinterferingRNA小干扰RNASNPsinglenucleotidepolymorphism单核甘酸多态性SSCPsingl

8、estrandconformationpolymorphism单链构象多态性SWRstandardworkingreagent标准工作液TBSTris-bufferedsodiumchlorideTBS缓冲液TETris-EDTAbuffer含Tris和EDTA的缓冲液TEMEDN,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamineN,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺TLCthin-layerchromatography薄层层析TrisN-Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane2-氨基-2-羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇UVultr

9、aviolet紫外线X-gal5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-0-D-galactoside5-漠-4-氯-3-口引噪-&D-半乳糖普YACyeastartificialchromosomevector酵母人工染色体载体生物化学与分子生物学实验常用词中英文对照（教学团队的范浩讲师编制）Aabluent洗洁剂absolute(ethyl)alcohol无水乙醇absorbance(A)吸光率，吸收率absorbency(A)吸收性，吸光度absorption吸收(作用)absorptioncoefficient吸收系数absorptionspectrum吸收光谱ab

10、stract提取acetate乙酸盐，醋酸盐aceticacid乙酸，醋酸acidity酸度，酸性acrylamide丙烯酰胺adjustablemicropipetter可调式微量移液器/加样器affinity亲和，亲和力，亲和性affinitylabeling亲和标记agar琼脂agarose琼脂糖agarosegelelectrophoresis琼月旨糖凝胶电泳agitate搅动A:GratioA/G比率，清球比率alanine(Ala,A)丙氨酸albumin清蛋白，白蛋白alcohol酒精，乙醇alcoholburner酒精灯alkalinity碱度，碱性alkalinephosph

11、atase碱性磷酸酶alphacomplementationc-互补amino氨基aminoterminal氨基(末)端，N-(末)端ammoniumpersulfate过硫酸镂ampholyte两性电解质ampliconPCR扩增产物amplification扩增analyticalbalance分析天平analyticalreagent分析纯试齐Uanhydrous脱水的，无水的annealing退火antibiotics抗生素antibody抗体antigen抗原antiseptic消毒剂，防腐剂apolipoprotein载脂蛋白apoptosis凋亡appearentmolecula

12、rweight表观分子量aseptic无菌的，防腐剂autoclave高压灭菌器automaticbiochemicalanalyzer全自动生化分析仪automaticgelimageanalysissystem全自动凝胶成像分析系统autoradiography放射自显影azotometer定氮仪Bbalance天平base碱基basesequence碱基序歹Ubeaker烧杯beakerbrush烧杯刷Beer'slaw比尔定律benchtopultracentrifuge台式超速离心、机biochemistry生物化学biochip生物芯片biomacromolecule生物大

13、分子biotin生物素biuretreaction双缩月尿反应blender搅拌器，搅碎器blood血液bloodsugar血糖blotting印迹分析blottingmembranes印迹膜blottingpaper印迹用滤纸blue-whiteselection蓝白斑筛选bluntend平端bottlebrush瓶刷bromophenolblue溟酚蓝buffer缓冲液Ccapacity容量capillaryelectrophoresis毛细管电泳capillaryelectrophoresissystem毛细管电泳仪carboxy(l)竣基catalyst催化剂catecholamine

14、儿茶酚胺cation阳离子cDNA互补DNAcDNAchipcDNA芯片cDNAlibrarycDNA文库cDNAprobecDNA探针cell细胞cellculture细胞培养cellophane玻璃纸celluloseacetatemembrane醋酸纤维薄膜centrifugalforce离心力centrifuge离心机centrifugetube离心管chromatogram层析图，色谱chromatography层析，色谱法chromatographycolumn层析柱clamp夹子clone克隆cloningvector克隆载体CO2incubator二氧化碳培养箱coomassi

15、e(brilliant)blue考马斯亮蓝coomassie(brilliant)bluestaining考马斯亮蓝染色coefficient系数colloid胶体colony菌落colonycounter菌落计数器colorreaction呈色反应colorimetry比色法competence感受态competentcell感受态细胞competitiveinhibition竞争性抑制作用complementaryDNA(cDNA)互补DNAcomponent成分，组分concentration浓度condenser冷凝器conformation空间构象conicalbeaker锥形瓶co

16、nicalbottomculturetube锥底试管constanttemperatureincubator恒温培养箱constanttemperatureoven恒温箱content含量controlexperiment对照实验cosmidvector黏粒载体，科斯质粒载体counter计数器creatine肌酸culturedish培养皿cultureflask培养瓶culturemedia培养基cultureshaker培养摇床culturevessel培养瓶culturetube培养管cuvette比色皿D2-Delectrophoresisapparatus双向电泳仪denatura

17、nt变性齐Udenaturation变性(作用)density密度densitygradientcentrifugation密度梯度离心、desiccator干燥器desiccant干燥齐Udetector检测器detergent去垢剂，去污剂dialysis透析differentialdisplayPCR差异显示PCRdigitalgelimageanalysissystem数码凝胶成像分析仪diluent稀释剂dilute稀释distilledwater蒸储水DNAblottingDNA印迹(法)DNAchipDNA芯片DNAligaseDNA连接酶DNAmarker标准分子量DNADNA

18、polymeraseDNA聚合酶DNArecombinationDNA重组DNArecombinationtechnique重组DNA技术DNArecombinationtechnology重组DNA技术DNAsequencerDNA测序仪dotblotting斑点印迹dropper滴管dryingoven干燥箱，干燥炉Eelectricstove电炉electricalreceptacle电源插座electrode电极electrolyte电解质electromagneticoven电磁炉electrophoresis电泳electronicanalyticalbalance电子分析天平el

19、ectronicbalance电子天平electrophoresiscell电泳槽electrophoresissystem电泳仪electrophoretogram电泳图(谱)electrophorogram电泳图(谱)electroporation电穿孔electroporationinstrument电穿孔转化仪electrothermalincubator电热恒温培养箱eluant洗脱液，洗脱剂eluate洗出液eluent洗脱液，洗脱剂elution洗脱enzyme酶Escherichiacoli大肠杆菌ethanol乙醇exon外显子exponentialgrowthphase指数

20、生长期expressionvector表达载体extinctioncoefficient7肖光系数extract提取，抽取提取液Ffetalcalfserum胎牛血清filter过滤filtration过滤flask培养瓶，长颈瓶flowcytometer(FCM)流式细胞仪fluorescence荧光fluorescenceintensity荧光强度fluorescenceprobe荧光探针fluorescencequantifiedPCR荧光定量PCRfluorescencespectrophotometer荧光分光光度计fluorochrome荧光染料fluorophore荧光基团for

21、ceps镣子formamide甲酰胺freezer冷冻冰箱frost-freerefrigerator无霜冰箱fullsizeultracentrifuge大型超速离心机fumehood通风橱Ggaschromatography气相层析gel凝胶gelchromatography凝胶层析gelcomb凝胶梳geldryer凝胶干燥仪gelimagingsystem凝胶成像系统gene基因genechip基因芯片genecloning基因克隆geneexpression基因表达geneinactivation基因失活geneknock-out基因敲除genelibrary基因文库genetica

22、nalyzer全自动遗传分析仪geneticengineering基因工程genome基因组genomicDNA基因组DNAgenomiclibrary基因组文库glassware玻璃仪器glassgraduateswithscale亥U度量杯glassstopper玻璃瓶塞globulin球蛋白glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase(G6PD)6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶glutamicoxaloacetictransaminase(GOT)谷草转氨酶glutamicpyruvictransaminase(GPT)谷丙转氨酶glycogen糖原gradientcentrif

23、ugation梯度离心gradientthermalcycler梯度PCR仪graduatedcylinder量筒growthmedia培养基Hhemoglobin血红蛋白heatshockprotein(HSP)热休克蛋白heatingbath加热水浴箱heat-stable耐热的，热稳定的heparin肝素highdensitylipoprotein(HDL)高密度脂蛋白高效液相层析，高效液相色谱法highpressuresteamsterilizer高压蒸汽灭菌器highspeedcentrifuge高速离心机highspeedrefrigeratedcentrifuge高速冷冻离心机h

24、ighspeedcentrifugation高速离心histidine(His,H)组氨酸homogenate组织匀浆homogenize匀浆homogenizer匀浆器homoiothermic恒温的horizontalgelelectrophoresissystem水平凝胶电泳仪horseradishperoxidase辣根过氧化物酶host宿主hybridmolecule杂交分子hybridization杂交hybridizationinsitu原位杂交Iicemachine制冰机icescoop冰勺immunoblotting免疫印迹法immunoradioautography免疫放射

25、自显影inactivation灭活incubation保温，温浴incubator培养箱induce诱导inducedmutagenesis诱变inducer诱导物induction诱导作用infection感染inhibitor抑制剂insertioninactivation插入灭活insertionsequence(IS)插入序歹Uinsituhybridization原位杂交insituPCR原位PCRinsulin胰岛素invitro体外，试管内invivo体内iodacetamide碘乙酰胺ion-exchangeresin离子交换树月旨ionexchangechromatograp

26、hy离子交换层析ionicstrength离子强度isoelectricfocusing等电聚焦isoelectricfocusingsystem等电聚焦仪isoelectricpoint(pI)等电点isoelectricseparation等电分离Jjar广口瓶Kkalium钾kinase激酶kineticcoefficient动力学系数kineticconstant动力学常数KlenowfragmentKlenow片段，DNA聚合酶I大片段Llabcart实验室样品推车labsink实验室水槽labstool实验凳laboratorynotebook实验记录本laboratorycoat

27、工作服label标签lactose乳糖laserscanningconfocalmicroscope激光扫描共焦显微镜Lambert-Beerlaw朗伯-比尔定律latexglove乳胶手套ligand配体ligase连接酶liquidnitrogen液氮liquidnitrogenstoragetank液氮储存罐loop细菌接种环lowspeedcentrifuge低速离心机lysis溶菌作用lysozyme溶菌酶Mmagneticstirrer磁力搅拌器malonicacid丙二酸marker记号笔medicinedropper滴管medium培养液methylase甲基化酶methyla

28、tion甲基化nucleicacidsequencingsystem核酸序歹U分析仪Ooligonucleotide寡核昔酸orbitalrocker旋转混匀器optimumpH最适pHoptimumtemperature最适温度outletstrip电源插座板oven烤箱methyleneblue亚甲蓝，甲烯蓝microbalance微量天平microcentrifuge微型离心机microcentrifugetube微型离心管microlitersyringe微量注射器microinjection显微注射microinjector微量注射器microplatereader酶标仪microp

29、ipetter微量移液器micropipettertip微量移液头microwaveoven微波炉milligram毫克mince切碎minigelsystem迷你凝胶电泳仪mitochondrialDNA(mtDNA)线粒体DNAmixer混合器，搅拌器mobility迁移率molecularcloning分子克隆，无性繁殖molecularhybridization分子杂交molecularweight分子量monoclonalantibody单克隆抗体mortar研钵Ppaperchromatography纸层析，纸色谱法paperlabel标签paraffinfilm密封用石蜡薄膜PC

30、Rthermocycler基因扩增仪PCRplatePCR板penicillin青霉素pestle研杵pHbufferpH缓冲液pHmeterpH酸度计pHpaperpH试纸pHtestingstripspH试纸plasma血浆plasmid质粒pipette移液管，吸量管pipettetip移液器吸头，枪头pipettor移液器polyclonalantibody多克隆抗体polymerase聚合酶，多聚酶polymerasechainreaction(PCR)聚合酶链反应polymorphism多态性，多态现象multichannelpipetter多道移液器multifunctional

31、PCR多功能PCR仪pointmutation点突变positive正的，阳的multiplexPCR多重PCRmutation突变powersupply电源precipitationreaction沉淀反应pre-castgel预制凝胶板Nnegative负的，阴性的nick缺口nicktranslation缺口平移法non-proteinnitrogen非蛋白氮NorthernblottingRNA印迹nucleicacid核酸pretreat预处理primer引物probe探针protease蛋白酶protein蛋白质proteinchip蛋白质芯片proteinexpression蛋白

32、质表达nucleicacidhybridization核酸分子杂交proteinkinase蛋白激酶purification纯化purity纯度Rradioactivity放射性radioautography放射自显影randomprimer随机弓I物randompriming随机弓I物法reagent试齐Ureagentbottle试剂瓶Real-timefluorescencequantifiedPCR实时荧光定量PCRreceptor受体referenceweightset标准祛码系歹Urefrigerator冰箱relaxedcircularDNA开环DNArepeatingpipet

33、ter连续移液器reportergene报_告基因restrictionendonuclease限制性核酸内切酶restrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphism(RFLP)限制性片段长度多态restrictionmap限制酶切图谱reversetranscription逆转录ribonuclease(RNase)RNA酶RNaseHRNA酶Hrocker混摇器rockingplatform摇床rotor离心机转头rubberpipettebulb洗耳球rubberstopper橡皮瓶塞Ssafetyglasses安全眼镜saltprecipitation盐析sampl

34、e样品sampling采样，抽样scalpel解剖刀scanner扫描器scintillationcounter闪烁计数仪scissors剪刀screening筛选sealsamplebag密封样品袋semi-drytransferunit半干转膜仪separation分离sequence序歹Usequencing测序sequenator序歹U分析仪serum血清shaker摇床，混合器shoecovers鞋套sodiumtetraphenylboron四苯硼钠solidmedium固体培养基solubility溶解度solute溶质solution溶液solvent溶齐1Jsonicosci

35、llation超声振荡sonicationprobe超声(探)头/端子sonicator超声破碎仪SouthernblotDNA印迹spatula药匙specimen样品，标本spectrofluorimeter荧光分光光度计spectrophotography分光光度法spectrophotometer分光光度计squirtbottles洗瓶standardcurve标准曲线steamsterilizer蒸汽灭菌器stir搅动stirbar磁力搅拌转子stopcock活塞，玻璃活塞stopper塞子substrate底物superhelix超螺旋结构supernatant上清液syringe

36、needle注射器针头TTaqDNApolymeraseTaqDNA聚合酶testtube试管testtubeholder试管夹testtuberack试管架testtubeshelf试管架template模板terminaltransferase末端转移酶tetracycline四环素thermoduric耐热的thermometer温度计thermostat恒温器thermostaticoscillationincubator恒温振荡培养器thermostaticoven恒温烤箱thermostaticwaterbath恒温水浴箱timer定时器thinmembraneelectropho

37、resis薄膜电泳tissue组织tissuegrinder组织研磨器tissueculture组织培养tissuehomogenate组织匀浆tracerisotope示踪同位素transaminase转氨酶transferapparatus电转仪transduction转导，转导作用transfection转染transformation转化transmittance透光度transmittancy透射比tubebrush试管刷tumblingmixer翻转混匀器Uultrafreezer超低温冰箱ultrapurifiedwatersystem超纯水系统ultrabalance微量天平u

38、ltracentrifuge超速离心机ultracentrifugation超速离心、ultrafiltrationmembrane超滤膜ultrasonication超声破碎ultrasonator超声振荡器ultrasoniccelldisruptor超声细胞破碎仪ultravioletabsorption紫夕卜吸收ultravioletlamp紫外观察灯ultra-lowtemperaturefreezer超彳氐温冰箱universalmicroplatereader通用酶标仪urea尿素UVspectrophotometer紫外分光光度计UV/VISspectrophotometer紫

39、外可见分光光度计Vvacuumdryingapparatus真空干燥器vacuumdryingoven真空干燥炉/箱vaseline凡士林vector载体verticalelectrophoresisapparatus垂直电泳仪verticalelectrophoresissystem垂直电泳仪virus病毒VISspectrophotometer可见分光光度计volumetricflask容量瓶vortexmixer漩涡?昆匀器Wwaterbathshaker水浴摇床waterbath水浴，水浴槽waterbathpot水浴锅waterstill蒸储水器wavelength波长96-well

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