桥式起重机维护及保养

1、起重机日常维护与保养RoutineCareandMaintenanceofCrane（一）机构的润滑LubricationofMechanism起重机设备润滑情况的好坏直接影响起重机各机构的正常运转，同时与延长机件的寿命和促进安全生产有密切的关系。因此，使用和维修人员必须经常检查各润滑点的润滑情况，按时用油枪通过各润滑点的油杯加油。Thelubricationconditionofcraneequipmentdirectlyaffectsthenormaloperationofcranemechanismsandiscloselyrelatedtoextendingtheservicelife

2、ofthemechanicsandpromotingsafetyinproduction.Therefore,theuseandmaintenancepersonnelmustcarryoutregularchecksonalllubricationpointsandfuelontimewithoilgunthroughoilcupsofthelubricationpoints.1.起重设备各润滑点的分布1. Distributionoflubricationpointsofhoistingequipment吊钩滑轮轴；Hookpulleyspindle固定滑轮轴（小车架上）；Fixedpul

3、leyspindle（onthedollyframe）钢丝纯；Steelrope各减速器；Reducers各齿轮联轴器；Gearcouplings各轴承箱（包括车轮组、卷筒组）；Bearingboxes（includinggroupwheelandgroupreel）电动机轴承；Motorbearing制动器各节点和轴栓；Nodesandaxleboltsofbrake电缆导电中滑车的轴承；Pulleybearingofelectriccable抓斗各钦点的轴。Shaftsofgrabhingejoints2.润滑条件与润滑材料2.Lubricatingconditionandmaterial

4、s起重设备必须采用合适的润滑油脂，定期润滑和及时更换，润滑装置和各润滑点必须保持清洁。下表所列为各机构主要零部件润滑时间的一般规定和推荐用的润滑材料：Appropriatelubricantgreasemustbeusedforhoistingequipment,whichshouldberegularlylubricatedandtimelyreplaced;lubricationequipmentandthelubricationpointsmustbekeptclean.Thefollowingtableliststhegeneralregulationonlubricationinte

5、rvaltimeofmajorcomponentsofvariousmechanismsandlubricatingmaterialsrecommendedtouse.厅pNo.易损零部件Wearingparts规MRegulation润滑条件Lubricatingcondition润滑材料Lubricatingmaterials1钢丝纯Steelrope-M1530k次，根据实际使用中的润滑情况决定Lubricatedonce1530daysingeneral把润滑脂加热到80c100c浸泡至饱和为宜不加热涂沫，Heatlubricant钢丝纯麻心脂(Q/SY1152-65)涂合成石墨钙基脂

6、(SYB1405-65)或其它钢丝纯润滑脂accordingtolubricationconditionintheactualusegreaseto80C100C,soakedtosaturationLinimentnotheated Steelropehempcoregrease(Q/SY1152-65) graphitecalciumbasegreas(SYB1405-65)orothersteeropelubricantgreaseeed2减速器Reducers使用初期每季换一次，以后可根据油的清洁情况半年一年换一次Replacedonceeveryquarterintheearlyus

7、eperiodand6-12monthslateraccordingtothecleannessofoil夏季summer用HL30齿轮油(SYB1103-62)WithHL30gearoil(SYB1103-62)冬季、(不-20C)Winter(notlowerthan-20C)用HL20齿轮油(SYB1103-62)WithHL20gearoil(SYB1103-62)3齿轮联轴器Gearcouplings每月一次Onceamonth工作温度-20C60cServicetemperature-20C60C高于50cHigherthan50c-20CLowerthan-20C可采用以任何元

8、素为基体的润滑脂，但/、能混合使用。冬季宜用1.2号，夏季宜用3.4号。Lubricantgreaseadoptinganyelementasthebasecanbeus(butcannotbemixed.No.1.2ispreferredinwinterandNo.3.4insummer.用工业锂基润滑脂(QSY1110-65冷季用1号,夏季用2号。Industriallithiumbasegrease(QSY1110-65);No.1forwinterandNo.2forsummer采用1、2号特种润滑脂(Q/SY1119-70)No.1andNo.2speciallubricantgre

9、ase(Q/SY1119-70)4滚动轴承Rollingbearing36个月一次Once36months5滑动轴承Slidingbearing酌情Casebycase6卷筒内齿盘Innerfluteddiscofreel每大修时加满Topupineveryheavymaintenance7电动机Motor年修或大修Annualoverhaulorheavymaintenance一般电动机GeneralmotorH级绝缘和湿热地带H-gradeinsulationandhotandhumidzone复合铝基润滑脂(Q/SY1105-66)Compoundaluminumbasegrease(Q

10、/SY1105-66)3号锂基润滑脂No.3lithiumbasegrease注：表中所列Q/SY系列系辽宁省营口市润滑油脂厂厂标代号；SYB系石油部部颁标准代号。Note:thelistedQ/SYseriesistheblemcodeofLubricatingOilandGreaseFactoryinYingkouCity,LiaoningProvince;SYBistheministerialstandardcodeofthePetroleumDepartment.（二）机构设备的维护和保养CareandMaintenanceofMechanicalEquipment1 .钢丝纯1. S

11、teelrope.报废标准：按GB6067-85起重机械安全规程中有关规定执行。Discardstandard:accordingtotherelevantprovisionsinGB6067-85"HoistingMachinerySafetyRegulations”.钢丝绳使用的安全程度由下列项目判定（见.10款）Thesecuritylevelofsteelropeisdeterminedbythefollowingitems（referto.10）a、断丝的性质和数量；Natureandnumberoffilamentbreakageb、绳端断

12、丝；Rope-endfilamentbreakagec、 断丝的局部聚集；Partialaggregationoffilamentbreakaged、 断丝的增力口率；Increasingrateoffilamentbreakagee、绳股断裂；Strandbreakagef、由于纯芯损坏而引起的纯径减小；Reductionofropediametercausedbythedamageofropecoreg、弹性减小；Reductionofelasticityh、夕卜部及内部磨损；Externalandinternalwearandteari、夕卜部及内部腐蚀；Externalandinter

13、nalcorrosionj、变形；Deformationk、由于热或电弧造成的损坏。Damagescausedbyheatorelectricarc所有的均应考虑以上各项因素并遵循各自的标准。然而，钢丝绳的损坏往往是由各个因素综合积累造成的，这就应由主管主管判别并决定钢丝纯是报废还是继续使用。Alltheabovefactorsshouldbetakenintoaccountandfollowtheirrespectivestandard.However,thedamageofsteelropeisoftencausedbytheaccumulationofvariousfactors,whi

14、chrequiresthesuperintendenttojudgeanddecidetodiscardorcontinuetousetherope.在所有情况下，检验人员应弄清钢丝绳的损坏是否由机构上缺陷所造成，如果是这样，应建议在换新钢丝绳之前消除这缺陷。Inallcases,inspectorsshouldascertainwhethertheropedamageiscausedbymechanismdefects;ifso,itshouldberecommendedtoeliminatethedefectbeforereplacingtherope.2.5.1 绳端断丝Rope-end

15、filamentbreakage当纯端或其附近出现断丝时，即使数量很少也表明该部位应力很高，可能是由于纯端安装不正确造成的，应查明损坏原因。如果纯长允许，应将断丝的部位切去重新合理安装。Whenfilamentbreakageoccursattheropeendornearby,evenifthereisonlyasmallnumber,italsoindicatesthatthestressofthatpartisveryhigh,whichmaybebecauseoftheincorrectinstallationofropeend;thecauseofdamageshouldbeiden

16、tified.Iftheropelengthallows,cutoutthesitewherefilamentbreakageoccursandconductareasonablere-installation.2.5.2 断丝的局部聚集Partialaggregationoffilamentbreakage如果数年丝紧靠一直形成局部聚集，则钢丝纯应报废。如这种断丝聚集在小于6d的纯长范围内，或者集中在任一支纯股里，那么，即使断丝数比表列的数值少，钢丝绳也应予以报废。Ifforyearsthefilamentsgatherformingpartialaggregation,theropesho

17、uldbescrapped.Ifthefilamentbreakageaggregateswithinthescopeofropelengthlessthan6d,orconcentratesinanyonestrand,evenifthenumberofbrokenwiresislessthanthevaluelistedinthetable,thesteelropeshouldalsobescrapped.2.5.3 断丝的增加率Increasingrateoffilamentbreakage在某些使用场合，疲劳是引起钢丝绳损坏的主要原因，断丝则是在使用一个时期以后才开始出现但断丝数逐渐增

18、加，其时间问隔越来越短。在此情况下，为了判定断丝的增加率，应仔细检验并记录断丝增加情况。判明这个规律”可用来确定钢丝纯未来报废的日期。Insomeuseoccasions,fatigueisthemainreasoncausingthedamageofsteelwirerope;filamentbreakagebeginstooccurafteraperiodoftime,butthenumberofbrokenwiresgraduallyincreasesanditsintervaltimebecomesshorterandshorter.Inthiscase,inordertodeterm

19、inetheincreasingrateofbrokenwires,carefullyinspectandrecordtheincreaseofbrokenwires.Identifyingthis"law"canbeusedtodeterminethefuturescrappingdateofsteelrope.2.5.4 纯股断裂Strandbreakage如果出现整根纯股的断裂，则钢丝纯应报废。Ifthebreakageoccurstoawholestrand,thesteelropeshouldbescrapped.2.5.5 由于纯项损坏而引起的纯么减小Reduc

20、tionofropediametercausedbythedamageofropecore当钢丝绳的纤维芯损坏或钢芯(或多层结构中的内部纯股)断裂而造成纯显著减小时，钢丝绳应报废。Whenthefibercoreofsteelropeisdamagedorsteelcore(ortheinternalstrandinmulti-layerstructure)fracturesanditcausessignificantreductionofropediameter,theropeshouldbescrapped.微小的损坏，特别是当所有各纯股中应力处于良好平衡时，用通常的检验方法可能是不明显的

21、。然而这种情况会引起钢丝绳的强度大大降低。所以，有任何内部细微损坏的迹象时，均应对钢丝绳内部进行检验予以查明。一经证实损坏，则该钢丝纯就应报废。Minordamage,especiallywhenthestressofallthestrandsisingoodbalance,maybeunobviouswiththeusualtestmethod.However,thismaygreatlyreducethestrengthofsteelwirerope.Therefore,whenthereareanysignsofinternalslightdamage,theinteriorofstee

22、lropeshouldbeinspectedtomakeclearthesigns.Oncethedamageisproven,theropeshouldbediscarded.2.5.6 弹性减小Reductionofelasticity在某范些情况下，钢丝绳的弹性会显著减小，若继续使用则是不安全的。Insomecases,theelasticityofsteelropewillbesignificantlyreducedandcontinuedusewouldbeunsafe.钢丝绳的弹性减小是较难发觉的，如检验人员有任何怀疑，则应征询钢丝纯专家的意见。然而弹性减小通常伴随下述现象：Iti

23、sratherdifficulttofindthereductionofthewireropeelasticity;ifinspectorshaveanydoubts,theyshouldconsulttheropeexpert.However,thereductionofelasticityisusuallyaccompaniedbythefollowingphenomenon:a纯径减小；Reductionofropediameterb、钢丝绳捻距伸长；Prolongedlaylengthofsteelropec、由于各部分相互压紧，钢丝之间和纯股之间缺少空隙；Asvariousparts

24、arecompressedagainsteachother,thereislackofgapamongwiresandstrands.d、纯股凹处出现细微的褐色粉末；Finebrownpowderappearsintheplaceofstrandcavity.e虽未发现断丝，但钢丝纯明显的不易弯曲和直径减小比起单纯是由于钢丝磨损而引起的也要快得多。这种情况会导致在动载作用下突然断裂，故应立即报废。Althoughbrokenwiresarenotfound,theelasticityreductioncausedbyobviousdifficultyofbendinganddiameterre

25、ductionisquickerthanthatsimplycausedbywearandtearofwires.Thissituationwillresultinasuddenfractureunderdynamicload,sotheropeshouldbeimmediatelyscrapped.2.5.7 夕卜部及内部磨损Externalandinternalwearandtear产生磨损的两种情况：Thetwosituationcausingwearandtear:a、内部磨损及压坑Internalwearandindentation这种情况是由于纯内各个纯股和钢丝之间的摩擦引起的，特

26、别是当钢丝绳经受弯曲时更是如此。Thissituationisduetothefrictionamongstrandsandwiresintherope,especiallywhenthewireropeissubjecttobending.b、外部磨损Externalwear钢丝纯外层纯股的钢丝表面的磨损，是由于它的压力作用下与滑轮和卷筒的纯槽接触摩擦造成的。这种现象在吊载加速和减速运动时，钢丝绳与滑轮接触的部位特别明显，并表现为外部钢丝磨成平面状。Thewearonthewiresurfaceoftheouterstrandsintheropeiscausedbythefrictionin

27、thecontactwiththeropegrooveofpulleyandreelunderitspressure.Whenthesuspendedloadisaccelerationanddecelerationmovements,thisphenomenonisparticularlyevidentatthecontactareaofwireropeandpulleyanditisshownthattheexternalwiresarewornintoaplanar.润滑不足，或不正确的润滑以及还存在灰尘和砂粒都会加剧磨损。Lackoflubrication,improperlubric

28、ation,ortheexistenceofdustandgritwillacceleratethewear.磨损使钢丝绳的断面积减小因而强度降低。当外层钢丝磨损达到其直径的40%时，钢丝纯应报废。Thewearsreducethesectionalareaofsteelropeandthusreducethestrengthoftherope.Whenthewearofouterwirereaches40%ofitsdiameter,theropeshouldbescrapped.当钢丝绳直径相对于公称直径减小7%或更多是，即使未发现断丝，该钢丝纯也应报废。Whenthediameterof

29、steelropedecreasesby7%ormorecomparedtothenominaldiameter,evenifnobrokenwireisfound,thewireropeshouldalsobescrapped.2.5.8 外部及内部腐蚀Externalandinternalcorrosion腐蚀在海洋或工业污染的大气中特别容易发生。它不公减少了钢丝纯的金属面积从而降低了破断强度，而且还将引起表面粗糙并从中开始发展裂纹以致加速疲劳。严重的腐蚀还会引起钢丝纯弹性的降低。Corrosionswillhappenveryeasilyintheseaorintheatmosphere

30、subjectingtoindustrialpollution.Itnotonlyreducesthemetalareaofthewireropeandthusreducesthebreakingstrength,butalsowillcausearoughsurfacewhichmaybedevelopedintocracksacceleratingfatigue.Seriouscorrosioncanalsoreducethereductionofropeelasticity. 外部腐蚀Externalcorrosion外部钢丝的腐蚀可用肉眼观察。当表面出现深坑，钢丝相当松弛

31、时应报废。Thecorrosionofexternalwirescanbeobservedwiththenakedeye.Whenthereisdeeppitonthesurfaceandthewireisquiteloose,theropeshouldbescrapped. 内部腐蚀Internalcorrosion内部腐蚀比经常伴随它出现的外部腐蚀较难发现。但下列现象可供识别：Theinternalcorrosionisdifficulttofindthantheexternalcorrosionoftenaccompanyingtheinternalcorrosion.Ho

32、wever,thefollowingphenomenacanbeidentified:a、钢丝绳直径的变化。钢丝绳在绕过滑轮的弯曲部位直径通常变小。但对于静止段的钢丝绳则常由于外层股出现锈积而引起钢丝绳直径的增加。Thechangeofwireropediameter:Thediameterofthebendingpartthroughthepulleyusuallydecreases.Butthediameterofsteelropeinthestillpartusuallyincreasesduetorustaccumulationoftheouterstrands.b、钢丝纯外层纯间的空

33、隙减小，还经常伴随出现个层纯股之间断丝。Thegapreductionbetweentheouterwireropesisalsooftenaccompaniedbyfilamentbreakageinthesinglestrand.如果有任何内部腐蚀的迹象，应由高度重视人员对钢丝绳内部检验。若确认有严重的内部腐蚀，则钢丝绳应立即报废。Ifthereareanysignsofinternalcorrosion,theinspectionofthesteelropeinteriorshouldbeattachedgreatimportancetobytestingpersonnel.Ifseri

34、ousinternalcorrosionisidentified,theropeshouldbeimmediatelyscrapped.2.5.9 变形Deformation钢丝绳失去正常形状产生可见的畸形称为变形这种变形部位可能引起变化它会导致钢丝绳内部应力分布不均匀。Lossofnormalshapeandvisiblemalformationofwireropeareknownas"deformation".Thiskindofdeformationmaycausetheunevendistributionofinternalstressinthesteelrope.

35、钢丝绳的变形从外观上区分，主要可分下述几种：Distinguishedfromtheappearance,thedeformationofsteelropecanbemainlyclassifiedasthefollowingtypes: 波浪形Wave-type波浪形的变形是：钢丝绳的纵向轴线成螺旋线形状。这种变形不一定导致任何强度上的损失，但是变形严重即会产生跳动造成不规则的传动。时间长了会引起磨损及断丝。Wave-shapeddeformationis:theverticalaxisoftheropeturnsintothespiralshape.Thisdeformati

36、ondoesnotnecessarilyleadtoanylossofstrength,butseriousdeformationwillleadtojumpinessandcauseirregulartransmission.Suchdeformationforalongtimecancausewearandfilamentbreakage.出现波浪形时，在钢丝绳长度不超过25d的范围内，若d1之，则钢丝纯3应报废。Whenthewaveshapeoccursandthelengthoftheropeisnomorethan25d,ifd1号,theropeshouldbescrapped.

37、式中d为钢丝绳的公称直径；d1钢丝纯变形后包络直径。Intheformuladisthenominaldiameterofsteelrope;d1referstoenvelopingdiameteraftersteelwireropedeforms. 笼关畸变Cage-typedeformation这种变形出现在具有钢芯的钢丝绳上。当外层纯股发生脱节或者变得比内部纯股长的时候就会发生这种变形。笼状畸变的钢丝纯应立即报废。Thisdeformationappearsinthewireropewithsteelcore.Whentheouterstrandsbecomedetache

38、dorbecomelongerthantheinternalstrands,thekindofdeformationwilloccur.Theropedeformedintocageshapeshouldbeimmediatelyscrapped. 纯股挤出Strandextrusion此种状况通常伴随笼状畸变一直产生。绳股被挤出说明钢丝纯不平衡。纯股挤出的钢丝绳应立即报废。Thissituationusuallyoccursaccompanyingcage-typedeformation.Thestrandextrusionmeanstheimbalanceofsteelrop

39、e.Theropewhosestrandisextrudedshouldbeimmediatelyscrapped. 钢丝挤出Wireextrusion此种变形是一部分钢丝或钢丝束在钢丝绳背着滑轮槽的一侧拱起形成环状。这种变形常因冲击载荷而引起。若此种变形严重时，则钢丝纯应报废。Thiskindofdeformationisbecausepartofthewiresorwiretendonshogformingintoringshapeonthesideagainstthepulleygroove.Thisdistortionisoftencausedbyimpactload.

40、Ifsuchdeformationissevere,theropeshouldbescrapped. 纯径局部增大Partialincreaseofropediameter钢丝绳直径有可能发生局部增大，并能波及相当长一段钢丝纯。纯径增大通常与纯芯畸变有关(如在特殊环境中，纤维芯因受潮而膨胀)，其必然结果是外层纯股产生不平衡，而造成定位不正确。绳径局部严重增大的应报废。Thereispossiblypartialincreaseofropediameterandcanspreadtoquitealongrope.Theincreaseofropediameterisusually

41、associatedwiththedistortionoftheropecore(forexample,inaspecialenvironment,thefibercorewillinflateduetodamp),anditwilldefinitelyleadtotheimbalanceofouterstrandsandincorrectpositioning.Theropewhosepartialdiameterisseverelyenlargedshouldbescrapped. 扭结Kink扭结是由于钢丝纯成环状在不可能绕其轴线；转动的情况下被拉紧而造成的一种变形。其结

42、果是出现捻距不均而引起格外的磨损，严重时钢丝绳将产生扭曲，以致只留下极小一部分钢丝纯强度。Kinkoccurswhentheropeistensedupintherotationbecausethering-likeropecannotwindarounditsaxis.Thiswillresultintheunevennessoflaylengthandextrawear.Whenthissituationissevere,theropewillbedistortedandonlyaverysmallpartoftheropestrengthremains.严重扭结的钢丝绳应立即报废。The

43、steelropehavingseverekinksshouldbeimmediatelyscrapped. 纯径局部减小Partialdecreaseofropediameter钢丝绳直径的局部减小常常与纯芯的断裂有关。应特别仔细检验靠纯端部位有无此种变形。Thepartialdecreaseofropediameterisoftenrelatedtothefractureofropecore.Carryoutparticularlycarefulexaminationtocheckwhetherthereissuchdeformationintherope-endpart.

44、纯径局部严重减小的钢丝纯应报废。Thesteelropewhosepartialdiameterseverelydecreasesshouldbescrapped. 部分被压扁Partsflattened钢丝绳部分被压扁是由于机械事故造的。严重时，则钢丝纯应报废。Thepartsofsteelropeareflattenedduetomechanicalaccident.Ifitissevere,theropeshouldbescrapped. 弯折Bending弯折是钢丝绳在外界影响下引起的角度变形。Bendingistheangledeformationof

45、steelropecausedundertheoutsideinfluence.这种变形的钢丝纯应立即报废。Thesteelwireropehavingsuchdeformationshouldbeimmediatelyscrapped.2.4.10由于热或电弧的作用而引起的损坏Damagescausedbyheatorelectricarc钢丝绳经受了特殊热力的作用其外表出现可资识别的颜色时，该钢丝绳应报废。Ifinfluencedbyspecialheatthesteelwireropeshowsidentifiablecolor,theropeshouldbescrapped. .维护：

46、钢丝纯应定期检查，必须特别注意钢丝纯末端的固定情况。为了避免钢丝绳迅速磨损，应保持钢丝绳处于良好的润滑状态。润滑前须用钢丝刷子刷去钢丝绳上的污物并用煤油清洗，再按规定用热油润滑。Maintenance:wireropeshouldberegularlycheckedandspecialattentionshouldbepaidtothefixationsituationoftheropeend.Inordertoavoidrapidwearofsteelwirerope,wireropeshouldbemaintainedingoodlubrication.Beforelubrication,

47、usesteelwirebrushtorodthedirtontherope,washitwithkerosene,andthenconductlubricationwithhotoilaccordingtotheregulation. .更换：更换新的钢丝纯必须符合原设计型号、规格及钢丝纯公称抗拉强度等要求。钢丝绳禁止接起来使用。钢丝纯压板纯夹等处螺检必须坚固牢靠。Replacement:Thenewwireropemustbeconsistentwiththeoriginaldesignmodel,specifications,nominaltensilestrengthofwirerop

48、eandotherrequirements.Itisprohibitedtousetheconnectedsteelrope.Theboltsatpressurepad,ropeclamp,etc.mustbefirmandsolid.2.传动轴2.Propellershaft1轴的弯曲度不得超过1（1为轴的有效长度），超过此值时应校直或换2000新轴。尤其是高速轴，弯曲度过大会产生振动。但允许低速轴的弯曲度超过11（1为轴的有效长度）或超过1mm才丁以更换。1000Thecurvatureoftheshaftshouldnotexceed1(1representstheeffective20

49、00lengthoftheshaft),andtheshaftsshouldbealignedorreplacedifthecurvatureexceedthevalue,especiallythehigh-speedshaft,vibrationwillappearwhenthe11000curvatureistoobig.Butthecurvatureoflow-speedshaftisallowedtoexceed1(1representstheeffectivelengthoftheshaft)ortheshaftshouldbereplacedonlywhenthecurvature

50、exceeds1mm.3. 轴承4. Bearing轴承应保持良好的润滑状态。重新涂油前，轴承应当用汽油洗净，注意涂油量应为轴承体空腔的三分之二。正常情况下，轴承温升不超过6070,轴承的音响均匀。当轴承的温升过高、噪音很大时，必须检查，如发现轴承内外圈滚道、滚珠(柱)表面产生磨损条、剥落小坑、裂纹或轴承径向间隙增大到0.2毫米时，应予以更换。Thebearingshouldbekeptinlubricationstate.Beforere-oil,thebearingshouldbecleanedwithpetrol,andtheoilamountshouldbe2/3ofthecavity

51、ofbearing.Undernormalcircumstances,theelevatedtemperatureshouldnotexceed6070,andthesoundofbearingshouldbeeven.Thebearingmustbeinspectedwhenthetemperatureistoohighandthenoiseistoobigandshouldbereplacedwhenfeatherwear,pointcorrosionorcracklearefoundontheinnerorouterringracewayoronthesurfaceoftheball(c

52、olumn)orthediametralclearanceofthebearingincreasesto0.2mm.5. 制动轮6. Brakewheel制动轮的制动磨擦面不应有缺陷和油污，制动轮磨损超过5mm或表面磨出大于4mm深的沟槽时应报废。Thereshouldbenodeficiencyorgreasydirtyonthebrakingfrictionsurfaceofthebrakewheel.Thebrakewheelshouldbediscardedasuselesswhentheattritionexceeds5mmorthereisgroovedeeperthan4mmwo

53、rnonthesurface.因使用不当造成键槽扩宽的(不包括滚键)制动轮允许在原键槽位置错开120。再插键槽一次继续使用。但安装后的制动轮径向跳动不得超过下表的规定。Brakeswhosekeyways(excluderollingkey)arewidenedduetoimproperusageisallowedtobecontinuouslyusedbystaggering120attheoriginalkeywaypositionandinsertingakeywayonce.Buttheradialrunoutoftheinstalledbrakewheelshouldnotexcee

54、dtheregulationsinthefollowingtable.制动轮直径Diameterofbrakewheel<50120<120250<250500<500800跳动wRun-out径向Radial0.05端面Headface50.37. 吊钩8. Liftinghook报废标准 Scrappingstandards吊钩出现下述情况之一时，应报废：Whenoneofthefollowingsituationsoccurs,theliftinghookshouldbediscarded:a.裂纹。a. Crackle.

55、b.危险断面磨损达原尺寸的10%。b. Theattritionofthecriticalsectionreaches10%oftheoriginalsize.c.开口尺寸比原尺寸增加15%。c. Theopeningsizeincreasesby15%ascomparedwiththeoriginalsize.d.扭转变形超过10。d. Thetorsionaldeflectionexceeds1。e.危险断面或吊钩颈部产生塑性变形。e. Plasticdeformationisfoundonthecriticalsectionorhookneck.f.板钩衬套磨损达原尺寸的50%时，应报废

56、衬套。f. Whenplatehookbushingiswornby50%oftheoriginalsize,thebushingshouldbediscarded.g.板钩心轴磨损达原尺寸的5%时，应报废心轴。g. Whentheplatehookarboriswornby5%oftheoriginalsize,thearborshouldbediscarded.板钩的怫钉松动数达总数的10%时，应更换怫钉。 When10%oftherivetsoftheplatehookloose,therivetsshouldbereplaced.保护 Protectiona.禁止在钩上进行补焊；a.

57、Strictlyforbidtomakerepairweldingonthehook;b.每年至少检查一次吊钩螺母，吊钩钩柄的螺纹连接，当有锈蚀并起泡时即应更换；b. Thenutofliftinghookandthescrewjointshouldbeinspectedatleastonceeveryyear.Theyshouldbereplacedimmediatelywhenthereiscorrosionandblister;c.用于水爆清砂或其它有经常腐蚀场合的吊钩，应增设防护罩以防止腐蚀性物质浸害吊钩柄、吊钩螺母等。c. Protectioncoversshouldbeaddedontheliftinghooksusedforwaterexplosionblastcleaningorusedinothercorrosionoccasionstoavoidcorrosivesubstanceerodingliftinghookhandleandliftin