新概念英语第二册笔记_第51课

1、对美德的奖赏Lesson51RewardforVirtueWhydidHugh'sdietnotwork?Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.Hebeganhisdietaweekago.Firstofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwereforbidden.ThelistincludedmostofthethingsHughloves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocol

2、ate;andsweets.YesterdayIpaidhimavisit.IrangthebellandwasnotsurprisedtoseethatHughwasstillasfatasever.Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk.Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.WhenIaskedhimwhathewasdoing,hesmiledguiltilyandthenputtheparcelonthedesk.Heexplainedthathisdietwassostri

3、ctthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!参考译文我的朋友休一直很胖,但是近来情况变得越发糟糕,以致他决定节食.他是一星期前开始节食的.首先,他开列了一长长的单子,上面列了所有禁吃的食物.这单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的：黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果.昨天我去看望了他.我按响了门铃,当看到休仍和往常一样胖时,我并不感到惊奇.他把我领进屋,慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌

4、子下面.显然他感到很为难.当我问他正干什么时,他疚地笑了,然后把那个大包拿到了桌上.他解释说,他的饮食限制得太严格了,以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下.接着他给我看了包里的东西.里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果！Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语rewardn.报偿virtuen.美德dietn.节食forbidv.禁止一forbadeforbiddenhurriedlyadv.匆忙地embarrassv.使为难guiltilyadv.内疚地strictadj.严格的rewardv.给奖赏occasionallyadv.偶尔地一.单词讲解：rewardn.报偿同义词compensa

5、te,pay,award反义词punish,punishmentrewardedrewardedrewardingn.报酬、奖赏、酬、赏金eg:Hereceivedamedalinrewardforhisbravery.他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章eg:A10-millionrewardhasbeenofferedforthecaptureofBinLaden.悬赏一千万美元捉拿本拉登oeg:Heworkedhardwithout(any)hopeofreward.他辛勤工作,但却不期待得到报酬.V.给予报酬,酬,报答eg:Isthishowyourewardmeformyhelp?你就这样报

6、答我又你的帮助吗？eg:Youwillbefullyrewardedwithallyourefforts.你所有的努力都将得到充分的回报.eg：Iwillrewardyoulater.以后我会报答你.rewardingadj.报酬的,有益的,值得的arewardingexperience次富有价值的经历virtuen.美德同义词goodness,righteousness,morality复数virtues(1)美德、善、清高(反意词：vice恶行,缺德行为)amanofvirtue有德之人eg:Honestyisavirtue.老实是一种美德.leadalifeofvirtue过高尚的生活e

7、g:Virtueisitsownreward.(谚)做好事即乐在其中.eg:Allofthevirtuesgethere.全聚德(2)优点、长处eg:Thebigclasshasthevirtueofmakingmorefriends.大量的美德使能交更多的朋友.eg:Myroomhasvirtueofbeingwarmeveninwinter.我的房间有个好处即使是冬天也很温暖.Virtualadj.'v?:tju?l实质的,实际上的eg:Ourdeputymanageristhevirtualheadofthebusiness.我们的副经理是公司的实际负责人.dietn.节食同义词

8、foodanddrink,food,foodstuffs,victuals复数dietsdieteddieteddieting(1) 节食goonadiet=beonadiet实行节食loseweight减重<->putonweight=gainweight增胖(2)(日常的)饮食abalanceddiet均衡的饮食；dietsheet(病人的)规定食谱forbidv.禁止,不许O1O2+v-ing.同义词prohibit,disallow,bar,ban反义词permit,allowforbidforbadeforbiddenforbiddingforbid+n./doingeg

9、:Whocanforbidourmarriage?谁可以禁止我们的婚姻？eg:Smokingisforbiddeninthisbuilding.在这幢楼里吸烟是被禁止.forbidsb禁止某人.eg：Ifyouwanttogo,Ican'tforbidyou.如果你想去,我不能阻止你.eg:Hedidn'tlikehisdaughter'sboyfriend,andforbadehimintothehouse.他不喜欢他女儿的男朋友,并禁止他进了屋.forbidsbtodo禁止某人做某事eg:Myfatherforbademetowatchtelevision.我的父亲

10、就禁止我看电视.eg:Itisforbiddentosmokeinthisroom.(NoSmoking)在这个房间禁止吸烟.forbiddenadj.被禁止的forbiddenfruit禁果；非法的欢愉forbiddenground禁区、必须防止的问题、犯忌讳的问题theForbiddenCity故宫,紫禁城eg:Godforbidthatweshouldhaveclasstomorrow.上帝保佑,我们明天不用上课.hurriedlyadv.匆忙地、草率地hurriedadj.仓促的,慌忙的；ahurriedtrip匆忙之旅ahurriedmeal匆忙吃了顿饭hurriedlyadv.&#

11、39;h?ridli匆忙地；speakhurriedly匆促地讲hurryv.匆忙,催促,赶紧eg:Don'thurry.不要急.eg:Hurryup.快点eg:Withthis,thewomanhurriedaway/off.说完了,该女子匆匆离去.eg:Hehurriedhome.他匆匆赶回家.eg:Hehurriedtoschool.他急忙赶到学校.hurryto+地点：匆忙赶到某地eg:Hehurriedbacktohisoffice.他急忙赶回他的办公室.eg:Theyhurriedintothecar.他们急忙上车.embarrassv.使窘；使不好意思,使局促不安H.同义

12、词disconcert,discomfit,abash,confound变化形动变embarrassedembarrassedembarrassingembarrasssb使某人难堪eg:Yoursharpwordsembarrassedhimalot.你尖酸的话令他很难堪.eg:Areyoutryingtoembarrassme?你想要我难堪？eg:Don'tembarrassthembyasking/withpersonalquestions.不要问他们令人难堪的个人问题.eg:Shewasembarrassedbyhisloudlaughter.他的大笑令她感到为难.embarr

13、assingadj.令人困惑的、难堪、为难的embarrassedadj.感到困惑的、难堪、为难的eg:Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.显然他感到很窘.financiallyembarrassed=shortofmoney囊中羞涩、经济受窘embarrassmentim?b?r?sm?ntn.窘迫；困惑；为难好东西太多而难以选择anembarrassmentofriches东西多得令人为难；财富多得成了累赘blushinembarrassment因难为情而脸红区别：embassy?emb?sin.大馆；大使馆全体成员guiltilyadv.疚地(1)责

14、任、罪行、罪状eg:Guiltwaswrittenalloverherface.她的罪过都写在脸上了；她在脸上写满了疚.establishthesuspect'sguilt证实嫌疑犯有罪eg：Hedeniedhisguilt.他否认自己有罪.eg：Heconfessedhisguilt.他成认自己有罪.(2) 不安、疚feelingofguilt疚感、罪反感方、罪G意识guilty'giltiadj.有罪的,疚的guiltless(innocent,clear)'giltlisadj.不熟悉.的,无罪的eg:Ifeelguiltyaboutcuttingclasses.

15、旷课我感至U疚.eg:IfeelguiltybecauseIhavenomoneytolendyou.由于我没有钱借给你感到疚.eg：Notguilty.裁决某人无罪.eg:Theboyswereguiltyoftheft.男孩子们犯了盗窃罪.guiltilyadv.eg:Shesmiledguiltilyasshesawme.当她看见我时她为难地笑.strictadj.严格的、严厉的(+with)同义词harsh,exact,precise,rigorous反义词lenient,loose,lax变化形形变stricterstrictest(1) adj.严格地、严厉的bestrictwit

16、hsb对某人严厉=bestrictinsb对某人严厉bestrictinone'swork/study对工作/学习严格eg:Firstofall,youmustbestrictwithyourself.首先,你必须严格要求自己.astrictteacher一位严格的老师；strictrules严格的规定(2) adj.严密地、正确地thestricttruth确凿的事实、绝对真实inthestrictsense严格说来strictly'striktliadv.严格地,完全地eg:Strictlyspeaking,youarenotfitforyourjob.严格来说,你是不适合

17、这份工作.eg：Smokingisstrictlyprohibited.严禁吸烟、吸烟被严格地禁止.occasionallyadv.偶尔地、偶尔,间或同义词sometimes,nowandthen,onceinawhileadv.nowandthen,attimes偶而地eg:Ioccasionallygotothemovieswithhim.我偶尔和他去看电影.occasionaladj.偶而的occasionalvisits偶尔的拜访eg:Wellhaveoccasionalsnowduringthenight.晚上偶而会下一阵雪.occasion?kei?nn.时刻,场合；盛会；时机；起

18、因vt.引起ononeoccasion一次,onanotheroccasion另一次onthis/thatoccasion在这种/那种场合eg：It'salwaysthesameonthiskindofoccasions.在这种场合总是这样的.eg:HehashadfewoccasionstospeakFrench.他很少有时机讲法语.二.Keystructures:一般过去时一般过去时：表过去某时发生的动作或处于的状态,通常表过去的时间状语连用,也可通过上、下文表达时间eg:Igotonthebusandsatdown.Eg：ThemagazineIorderedwassenttot

19、hewrongaddress.eg:Afirebrokeoutinourtownrecentlyandalargefactorywasburnttotheground.burnttotheground彻底烧毁注意动词不规那么过去式、过去分词eatateeaten；wearworewornwinwonwon;fallfellfallenbeatbi:tvt.打；战胜vi.跳动n.跳动(声)；节拍一beatbeatenforbidf?bidvt.不许,禁止一forbadeforbiddenloselostlost;breakbrokebrokenhidehidhidden;ring打一rangru

20、ngburnburnt/burnedburnt/burnedleadledledrisevi.升起；起立(床)；上涨n.上涨；升高一roserisenlielaivi.躺,平放；位于；伸展；说谎n.谎话一laylainlayleiv.置放；铺；产(蛋,卵)；设置；主一laidlaidcreepkri:pvi.爬行,匍匐；蹑手蹑足地走,缓慢地行进一creptcreptleapli:pvi.跳；冲vt.跃过n.跳跃；激增,骤变leaptleapttearti?,te?n.眼泪；破洞,裂口v.撕(裂),被撕破一toretornExerciseIwas(be)gladtogetyourletter.H

21、owdidyoulike(like)theirperformanceWhoput(put)forwardthissuggestion?(4) YesterdayIpaid(pay)himavisit.(enter)theroom.Everybodyrose(rise起立)whenheentered三.课文讲解：Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.我的朋友休一直很胖,但是近来情况变得越发糟糕,以致他决定节食冰sothat如此以致；结果使,以致eg：It'ssoco

22、ldthatthepondhasfrozen.eg:IransofastthatI'dgotapaininmyside.so-astodo到做某事的程度eg:Shewassokindastohelptheoldladyoffthebus.Xdecidetodosth决定做某事冰goonadiet节食Hebeganhisdietaweekago.Firstofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwereforbidden.他是一星期前开始节食的.首先,他开列了一长长的单子,上面列了所有禁吃的食物.Xfirstofall首先eg:Firstof

23、allshejustsmiled,andthenshestartedtolaugh.最初她只是微笑,后来才放声大笑.Xwriteout全部写出Xalistof一的清单、一份listn.putaperson'snameonthelist把歹U入takeaperson'snameoffthelist把除名drawuplistofmembers编造会员listpricen.订价,价目表所列之价格、标价v.eg:Mynameisnotlistedinthetelephonedirectory.我的名字没有被列在簿里ThelistincludedmostofthethingsHughlo

24、ves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocolate;andsweets.这单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的：黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果Xincludev.包括,把.列入算入做为整体的一局部,它的主语可能是人或物,在意义上与putin相似.eg:Iincludedeggsinthelistofthingstobuy.我将蛋列入了要买的物品单eg:Yourdutiesincludemakingthetea.你的任务包括泡茶eg：AmIincludedintheteam?我属于对里吗？contain包含,容纳,的里面有或装着,始终表示在某个容器或

25、物体之,通常与thereis/arein的结构互换,不能用进行时.eg:Thatboxcontainsoldletters.=Thereareoldlettersinthatbox.eg:Heincludedalotoffunnystoriesinhisspeech.=Hisspeechcontainedalotoffunnystories.eg:Therocketcontainsanumberofscientificinstruments,includingatelevisioncamera.火箭包含一些科学仪器,其中包括电视摄像机potatoes,sweets可数名词YesterdayIp

26、aidhimavisit.昨天我去看望了他.paysbavisit=visitsbpayattentiontoeg:Youshouldpayattentiontowhatyourparentssay.payfor补偿,受的报应eg:You'llhavetopayforyourselfishnesssomeday.有一天你将会为你的的自私付出代价为.付款eg:Nowyoucanpayformydinner.现在你可以替我付饭钱了payback归还,还钱给(某人)；回报,向报复eg:Hepaidbackhisdebts.他归还了借款Irangthebellandwasnotsurprise

27、dtoseethatHughwasstillasfatasever.我按响了门铃.当看到休仍和往常一样胖时,我并不感到惊奇.ringvi./vt.eg:Thetelephonerangjustnow.(vi.)eg：Irangthebell.(vt.)asfatasever原句：asfatasheeverwas状语从句Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk.他把我领进屋,慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面.leadv.showtheway,especiallybygoinginfront给.指路,领路eg:Heled/sho

28、wedtheguestintohisstudy.eg:I'llshowyouaround.我会带你四处看看Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.WhenIaskedhimwhathewasdoing,hesmiledguiltilyandthenputtheparcelonthedesk.显然他感到很为难.当我问他正干什么时,他疚地笑了,然后把那个大包拿到了桌上.Heexplainedthathisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.他解释说,他的饮食限制彳#太严格了,以致不得不偶尔

29、奖赏自己一下.Xsothat如此以致；结果使,以致Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.接着他给我看了包里的东西.showeg:Heshowedmehisphotographs.eg:Youmustshowyourticketatthebarrier.必须在检票处出示票*barrier?b?ri?n.栅栏,关卡,检票口；障碍,隔膜；屏障Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果！Xbarn.条abarofchocolateabarofsoapn.块月巴皂aba

30、rofredacrossthewesternsky日落时,西边天空有道红晖酒吧：barmaidn.酒吧女招待,酒吧女效劳员barman=bartendern.酒吧的侍者；酒保、调酒师；酒吧男效劳员法庭上将法官囚犯,律师等与听众隔开的栏杆behindbars在狱中不可数名词,表示“一个"概念时,需加"abarof"类似的定语:apieceofnews一条新闻；anitemofnews一那么消息、一条新闻apieceofwork一份工作；aburstofapplause一阵掌声*burstb?:stvt.使爆裂vi.爆炸；挤满n.爆炸；爆发*applause?pl?:

31、zn.鼓掌,掌声afitofanger阵愤怒*fitfitadj.适宜的,健壮的v.适合,安装n.适宜,发作anitemoftruth点真相；anarticleofclothing件衣服*article?atik?ln.物件；文章,论文；条款；冠词agrainofrice一粒米*graingreinn.谷物；谷粒,颗粒,细粒；少量,微量alumpofsugarn.一块方糖*lumpl?mpn.小方块,肿块vt.归在一起vi.结块冰sweetBr.【英】餐后的甜点UC、甘口食物巢子力L=dessert(Am.)eg:Idon'twantanysweet.我不要甜点sweets【英】糖果P

32、=candy(Am.)eg:Pleasehelpyourselftosomesweets.rewardforvirtue对美德的奖赏四.SpecialDifficulties:1、raise及物动词/rise:不及物动词,不能加宾语：它们的区别不在于意思,而在于词性eg:ThatboyalwaysraiseshishandwhenIaskaquestion.我问问题时、那男孩总是举起手eg:Thatshelfwastoolowsoweraiseditfewinches.这架太低,因此我们提升了几英寸eg:Heavyrainshaveraisedtheleveloftheriverthisyea

33、r.eg:Ialwaysriseatsixo'clock.我总是6点起床eg:Aftertheconcert,everybodyroseandclapped.演唱会结束后,大家起立,鼓掌eg:Thesunhasjustrisen.太阳刚刚升起.2、lay:及物动词/lie不及物动词:laytheegg/lieinbedeg:Laythoseparcelsonthefloor,please.请把那些包放在上eg：Where(smybook?Ilaiditonthatshelfamomentago.我的书呢？刚刚我把这本书放在书架上了eg:Haven'tyoulaidthetabl

34、eyet?还没把桌子摆好吗？eg：It'snicetogetupinthemorning,butit'snicertolieinbed.eg:Ilayinbedtill10o'clocklastSundaymorning.eg:Thechildrenareplayingagame.They'vealljustlainonthegrass.3、beat后面接对手win不能接对手:Ibeatyou.eg:ArsenalbeatManchesterUnitedlastSaturday.上星期六阿森纳队击败曼联队.eg:Arsenalwonthegame.阿森纳队赢得了

35、比赛Exercise练习：Choosethecorrectverbsinthefollowingsentences:*verbv?:bn.动词选择正确的动词：1. Everybody(raised)(rose)whenheenteredtheroom.2. Ihavebeen(laying)(lying)hereforhalfanhour.3. Mrs.Jones.(laid)(lay).thetablebeforebreakfast.4. Theairplane(raised)(rose)intotheair.5. I'mnotverygoodatchess.Healways(wins)(beats)me.6. 'Didyou(win)(beat)orlose?'Iasked.1.rose2.lying3.laid/beforebreakfast.不能用"lay"由于第三人称单数4.rose5.beats有对手6.win后面没对手五.Exercise:1. Hesmiledguiltily