2019年高考英语阅读理解文章结构图题

1、DIntegrityIntegrityisthequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetoberight.Theconceptofintegrityhasplayedakeyroleinmoralphilosophythroughouthistoryandispromotedinallsocietiesbecauseofitsimportancetosocialrelations.Individualintegrityisvitaltosociety,onethatenablespeopletomakeuseoftheircapacit

2、yforcriticalreflection,doesnotforcepeopletotakeupparticularrolesanddoesnotencourageindividualstobetrayeachother.Besides,societiescanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Individualintegritycanliftupthespiritsoftheentiresociety.Itcanshapethelivesofpeoplelivinginaparticularsociety,theliveso

3、fallfellowpeopleand,initsbroadestsense,eventhedestiny命运ofanation.Bycontrast,ifthoselivinginthesocietyarecorrupt,itcouldhavebadeffects,jeopardizingthehealthymoralityofthesociety.Ontheotherhand,asocietycanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Societyexpectsandrequiresintegrity.Asocietyconsi

4、stingofpeopleofintegrity,andpeoplewhonevercompromiseontheirprinciples,couldhaveapositivemarkonthepersonaldevelopmentofitsmembers.Beingapartofsuchamorallylivelycommunitycouldserveasabasisforabsorbingtraitsofgoodcharacter.Thiscouldbeofadistinctadvantagetoanyindividualsinthesociety.However,somesocialst

5、ructuresareofthewrongsortforsomeindividualstopursue追求integrity.Ifthatisthecase,wehavetoaskquestionsaboutthemoralnatureofsocietyfirstbeforeraisingquestionsaboutindividualintegrity.Questionsaboutintegritymayturnouttobeaboutwhatkindofsocietyitis,ratherthanabouttherelationshipbetweenindividualinterestsa

6、ndcharacteristicsofasociety.Thepursuitofadequateindividualintegrityoftendepends,notsomuchonunderstandingwhooneisandwhatonebelievesandiscommittedto,butratheriinderstandmgwhatone'ssocietyisandiniagmmgwhatitcouldbe.Undernocircumstancescanweunderestimatetheimportanceofhumanintegrityinasociety.People

7、,whoarehonest,trustworthy,compassionateandcaring,arethefactorsdecisiveinthegrowthofindividualsaswellasthedevelopmentofasociety.70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?CP:CentralPointP:Point参考答案：ACThefightisontogetridofairpollutioninourcities.Whilethebestsolutioninthelong-termwo

8、uldbetobanfossil-fueledcars,thatwon'thelpthemillionswhoaredymgmthemeantune,andsosomehigh-techsolutionsarenowonthecards.InMarch2021,10Londonpigeonsbecamefamous.ThesepigeonstooktotheskyfromPrimroseHillinnorthLondon,wearingbackpacksmonitoringairpollution.Onceintheair,thebackpackssentliveair-quality

9、updatestothesmartphonesoftheLondonersbelow.Thepigeonsandtheirbackpackswerejustthelatestinaseriesofincreasinglydesperateattemptstomonitorandcontrolairpollution.London'sairpollutionproblemhasbeengettmgworseforyears,anditoftenrisestomorethanthreetimestheEuropeanUnion'slegallimit.Anotherpromisin

10、gapproachcanbefbimdinBeijing,afterChmadeclareda"waragainstpollution'5in2021.Aseven-metre-high“SmogFreeTowerdesignedbyaDutchscientist,DaanRoosegaarde,openedinBering's751DParkinSeptember2021.Itisahuge,outdoorairpurifier.Airborneparticles颗粒aresuckedintothetowerwheretheyreceiveapositivechar

11、ge.Theparticlesarethencaughtbyanegativelychargeddust-removalplateandcleanairisblownoutoftheotherend."Changingsmogparticlesdoesnottakemuchcurrent."Roosegaardcsaid.AsforwhattodowiththecollectedPMwaste,hehascurrentlysetupabusinessmakingjewelleryoutofthewaste.PrinceCharlesownsasetof“smogfree&q

12、uot;cufflinks袖扣.Ifcollectedonatabigscale,Roosegaardcbelievesitcouldevenbeusedasabuildingmaterial.MexicoCityhasanalternativesolution.LookingtoNaturetomaximizethesurfaceareaofabuilding,AllisonDring,aBerlin-basedarchitect,managedtocatchlightandwindfromallsides.Sheisnowmakingabuildingmaterialbyburningag

13、riculturalcropby-productsintheabsenceofoxygen."Itmeanstliatyouareactuallytaknigcarbon碳outofthesky,transformingitintoamaterial,andthenusingittobuild/'saysDrmg.Thefightagainstoutdoorairpollutionisreallyjuststarting.Evenifnoneoftheideastakeoff,atleastPrmceCharles'cufflinks,thespecialbuildi

14、ngsurfaceandpigeonswearingback-packswillhavebroughttheissuemoretodiepublic'sattention.66.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point次要点C:Conclusion参考答案：BBenefitsofCross-CountrySkiingCross-countryskiingcanbeeiijoyedbyawiderangeofstudents,fromtheyoungestkinde

15、rgartnerstothosesecondarystudents.Itisreallyafunactivity,providingstudentsagentleworkoutoutsideinwinter.Whilehavingfun,studentscangainphysicalandmentalbenefits.Thephysicalbenefitsofcrosscountryskiingarewellknown.IfwelookatOlympiccrosscountryskiers,wecanseethepositiveeffectsonthebodythatresultfromtra

16、iningforcross-countryskiing.Theaveragebestfemalecross-countryskiercarries11percentbodyfat,andbestmaleskierscarry5percent.Thesepercentagesarewellbelowtheaverageforpeoplewhoareconsideredtobeathletic-17percentforfemalesand10percentformales.Thehighnumberofcaloriesburnedwhileskiinghelpstokeepskiersslimin

17、ahealthyandattractiveway.Cross-countryskiingisalsoanefficientwaytoexercisealargenumberofmusclesatonce.Becauseskiersuseskipolesasamansofpropulsion,theforcethatdrivesskiersforward,theupperbodygetsmuchmoreofworkout.Ofcourse,thelegmusclesalsodotheirfairshare.Peoplewhousecross-countryskiingasaworkoutover

18、severalweekswilldiscoverthatthemusclesoftheirentirebodyincreaseinstrength.Cross-coiuitryskimgonaregularbasishasatremendouseffectonaperson'scardiovascularsystem.Inadditiontogainingstrengthinthemusclesoftheupperandlowerbody,peoplewhousecross-countryskiingasaworkoutmethodoverseveralweekswillalsodis

19、coverthattheirheartisstronger.Astrongheartpumpsmoreefficiently,sendingoutmorebloodtothemuscleswitheachcontraction攵缩.Throughweeksofskiing,peopleoftendiscoverthattheirrestingheartratehasdecreased.HighlytrainedOlympiccross-countryskiershaverestingheartratesbetween28and40beatsperminute.Comparethattother

20、estingheartrateoftheaverageperson,whichis60to80beatsperminute!Thebenefitsofcross-countryskiingextendbeyondoverallgeneralhealth.Alotofevidenceexistsindicatingthatregularphysicalactivityincreasesthereleaseofmood-liftingendorphins内啡肽inthebody.Afteroneoftheenergeticandfunskiinglessons,studentswillbesmil

21、ingandlaughing;theywillberelaxedandinabettermoodthanwhentheystartedclass.Studentswillleaveclasswithasenseofaccomplishment,knowingthattheyhavedevelopednewskillsinafunactivity.Cross-countryskiingisagreatwaytoworkthetotalbody.Nowmoreandmorestudentsaretakingpartinthisexerciseoutsideduringthewintermonths

22、.Theyareenjoyingitandbenefitingfromit!66.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?CDCP:CentralpointP:PointSp:Sub-point次要点C:Conclusion参考答案：cDRole-PlayinginChildDevelopmentPlayingisakeycomponentinthelearningprocessforvirtuallyallofthechildren.Therearevariouswaysinwhichchildrenplay,but

23、oneofthemostimportantisrole-playing.Thisinvolvesachildengaginginanactivityduringwhichheorshepretendstobeanotherperson.Expertsonchilddevelopmentbelievethatrole-playingcanincreasetheconnectionsinchildren'sbramsthathelpthemlearn.Languageskillsaresomeofthemostimportantaspectsoflearning.Whenchildrenr

24、ole-play,theynnistworkoutstepsthatneedtobetakentocompleteatask,andcreateplanstoactoutastory.Theseactivitiesenablechildrentodeveloptheirorallanguageskills.Theybecomeabletoorganizeothersandtogivedirections.Childreiissocialskillscanalsobedeveloped.Whenengagedingroupactivities,childrenhavedifferentroles

25、.Someareleaderswhileothersarefollowers.Attimes,thechildrenwilldisagree,sotheymustleamtonegotiateandcompromisewithoneanother,andtheymustlearntoapologizewhentheyhavestrongargumentsordisagreementsaswell.Childrenfurtherlearnaboutcooperationandsharingand,hopefully,begintounderstandtlimgsfromanotherperson

26、'spointofview.Besideshelpingchildrenlearnsomekindsofskills,role-playingfosterschildrensimaginationsandcanthereforeassumeanumberofforms.Forexample,boysmaypretendtoshaveliketheirfathersorperformvarioustasksaroundtheirhomes.Girls,meanwhile,oftenpretendtobemotherstodosomedailytasks,particularlyifiti

27、nvolvescaringforyoungbabies.Sometimeschildrenmayimaginebelongingtoagroupofsuperheroesorimitate模仿real-lifesituations.Theymightdressupandassumedifferentroles.Anotherexampleistheperformingofstoriestheyreadinbooks,whichisalsoverycommonwhentheyrole-play.Anotherbeneficialaspectofrole-playingisthatitcanhel

28、pchildrendealwithcertainactionsthatmaycausethememotionalC情感的pain,suchasthefeartheyfacewhengoingtoschoolforthefirsttimeormakingavisittothedoctor.Ifchildrenrole-playsituationslikethesebeforehand,thefearthattheyexperiencewhendoingtheseactionsinrealityfrequentlylessens.Forthisreason,expertsencouragepare

29、ntstoallowtheirchildrentorole-playandeventotakepartintheseactivitiestohelptheirchildrenmastertheirfears.Role-playingcanbenefitchildreninmanyways.Tliereisnoactivityforwhichyoungchildrenarebetterpreparedthanfantasyplay.Nothingismoredependableandrisk-free,andthedangersareonlypretend.70. Whichofthefollo

30、wingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?A.B.I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion参考答案：ADHobbiesHelpCureAddictiontotheInternetWhilesomeparentshaveexpressedconcernsabouttheamountoftimetheirchildrenspentsurfingtheInternetduringthesummerbreakfromschool,itwasn'taproblemforYinQiming.Instead,

31、the37-year-oldShanghairesidentandhisdaughterdividedtheirvacationbetweencyberspaceandthe8-year-old'sotherinterests.HMydaughterhasmanyhobbiesandIandhermotherrespectherchoices,soweaccompanyhertoclassessheenjoys,suchaslearningtoplaythednimsanddrawingJ1hesaid.HShelovestoplayoutsidewithherfriends,sosh

32、edoesn'tthinktheInternetisamust-havethinginherlife.11Yinaddedthatherarelyimposesatimelimitonhisdaughter'sonlineactivity.HShesometimesusesWeChat(apopularinstant-messagingtool)onmymobilephone,butonlytocontacthermother/hesaid.HOnceshehasherownplanseverydayandrealizesthattheinternetisjustapartof

33、life,shewon'tbecomeaddictedtoit.LiLin,aprimaryschoolteacherfromLiaoningprovince,expressedasimilaropinion.HWedosomehomeworkonline,includingrecitingstories,andthechildrenusetheInternetfrequentlyeverydayoftheirlives/1shesaid,notingthatthechildren'sonlineactivityislimitedto30minutesadayatschool.

34、HWeshouldmakebetteruseoftheInternettoprovidechildrenwithmoreknowledgeandhelpthemtogrowupJsaidLi,whohasa1O-year-oldson.Thekeytopreventingchildren,especiallythoseatprimaryandmiddleschools,frombecomingaddictedtotheInternetistolimitthetimetheyspendonlineandtoensurethattheyknowcyberspacecannotreplacetrad

35、itionalformsofcommunication,shesaid.MaoFeizhu,apsychologistfromFujianprovinceinsoutheastChina,saidpeopleoverestimatetheinfluenceoftheinternet.“Manypeople,evensomeparents,believetheInternetplaysabigroleinourdailylives,andmanythingscanbecompletedonline,butthafsnotcompletelyright；,shesaid.HWecanusesoci

36、alapplicationstotalkorplaybasketballgames,andevensharewhatwearethinkingabout,butsometimesit'simpossibleforouremotionstobeaccuratelyreflectedinthisway.Whatchildrenneedisemotionalcommunicationandrealphysicalexercise.Afterall,lovecannotbeboughtonthenet/shesaid.Perhaps,thebestwaytostopyoungnetizenss

37、pendingtoomuchtimeonlineistoencouragetheirotherinterestsbutalsoaccompanythemwhentheygoonline:"notbecomeitsslaves.070.WhichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassA.B.C.D.I:IntroductionCP:CentralpointP:PointSp:Sub-pointWeshouldusetheInternet,age?C:Conclusion参考答案：A2021年二模DCollegegraduati

38、oneventuallymeanstakingmuchofyourattentioninyourfirstjobsearch.Thisprocesscanbechallenging,especiallyforthosestudentswhohadsecondthoughtsabouttheirchosenmajorandintendedcareerpath-orthosewhomajoredinafieldnotdirectlyconnectedtoaspecificcareer.Ifyouareinoneofthesegroups,fearnot!Althoughyourmajor,cour

39、sework,andacademicperformancearerelevanttolandingajob,theyarenottheonlydecidingfactorsonwhereyoucanwork.So,justhowimportantisyourmajortoyourjobsearch?Somemajorsaretieddirectlytospecificcareerfields.Forexample,ifyouwishtobecomeateacher,youwilllikelyhaveneededtocompleteaneducationprogramandeventuallys

40、itforalicensingexam.Thesameappliestomajorsinnursing.Ifyoudidnotcompleteanaccreditednursingprogram,youwontbeabletotakethemusinglicensureexam.Inthesecases,successfullycompletingaspecificmajoriscrucialtolandingajobinthematchingfield.Otliermajors,however,arecloselyrelatedtocareerpathsbutdon'tnecessa

41、rilyrequireadegreeinthearea.Forexample,studentswhomajoredinfinance,math,orstatisticsmayalsohavethenecessaryskillstobehiredasanaccountant.Althoughsocialworkmeijorsaremostpreparedtoprovidecasemanagementservicestostrugglingpopulations,studentswhomajoredinpsychologyorsociologycanbejustasqualified.Lastly

42、,therearemanyindustries,suchasprofessionalsales,educationnon-teachingpositions,insurance,andcustomerservicemanagement,whichhirenewgraduatesfromseveralmoremajors,lookingformoregeneralizedrequirements.Theymaysimplywanttoknowthestudenthascompletedhisorherbachelorsdegree,whichdemonstratescollege-levelma

43、thandwriting,criticalthinking,andproblem-solvingskills.Hopefully,asacollegestudent,youwereabletodomorethanjustattendclasses.Yournon-academicexperiencescanbeveryinfluentialonyourfuturecareeraswell.Didyouworkduringcollege,volunteer,orparticipateinaclubororganization?Ifso,andifyouenjoyedtheseactivities

44、,seekoutrelatedcareers.Ifyouvolunteeredwithanon-profitorganizationsuchasahomelessordomesticviolenceshelter,seekoutpositionsinsocialservicesrelatedtocasemanagementorvictimadvocacy辩护.Youmayqualifyforapositionregardlessofyourmajor.Althoughitoftenseemslikeyourcollegemajoralonedeterminesyourcareerfate,th

45、isjustisn,tthecase.Itmayinfluenceit,butthereareotherfactorsthatinfluenceyourcareeroptionsaswell.Ifyoudon'tknowwhatcareeroptionsoracademicadvisor.Youmaybesurprisedat170.WhichofthefollowingshowstheorganizeSNSp2considerbasedonyourmajor,talktoyourfaculty*hatopportunitiesawait!itionofthepassage?B.A.C

46、CP:CentralPointP:Point参考答案：BSp:Sub-point次要点C：Conclusion7DBothMalesAndFemalesHaveRighttoChoosePersonalityRecently,thedebateaboutmales1masculinity男子汉气概hasbeenquiteheated.Somepeoplethinkthatmalesshouldbedifferentfromfemalesandshowtheirmasculinitywhileothersholdtheviewthattoomuchemphasisonmasculinitycan

47、leadtomaleviolenceandanexcessivedesireforpowerandstatus.Whileeveryonehashisorherownopinions,whatreallymattersisthatoneshouldhavetherighttochoosetheirownpersonality-whethermasculineorfeminine.Besides,itisimportantthateveryoneshouldrespectotherpeople'schoices,andshouldnotlookdownuponothersbecausetheydonotfollowthemainstream