全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)第四册课后习题答案

1、全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】习题答案主编：李荫华上海外语教育出版社Unit 1Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russianwinter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleons military campaign against RussiaPart Thr

2、ee Paras 12-20 Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet Union Part Four Para 21 Conclusionthe elements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitlers blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalins scorched earth policySection Two Pa

3、ras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20 the Russiancounter-offensive and the outcome of the warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll

4、 12) in the case of 2. 1) is faced with 2 ) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production inmany factories has been brought to a h

5、alt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers strike3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator

6、has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainousregions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Fai

7、lure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the S

8、econd World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks. II.More Synonyms in Context1) During the FirstWorld War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting

9、took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body

10、, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeksand nobody knew anything about it.3) Its said he dropped dead from a heart attac

11、k when he was at work4) Dont sit too close to the fire to keep warmyou could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Clo

12、ze(A)1. invasion 2. stand in the way3. Conquest 4. catching. off his guard5. launching 6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing.to a halt(B)1. allow 2. reckoned3. highly 4. forecasts5. rapidly 6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doh

13、erty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in onthe farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the mostsophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the proje

14、ct manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground.Ou

15、r troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged

16、down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take agamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsiusand the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arriv

17、ed at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched

18、 10) in theair 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)incorporates all the latest safety features2) two trees ten feet apart3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction sit

19、e4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClippedWords Ble

20、ndsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast te

21、levision broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4.disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7.working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. 1) computerized 2) start up 3

22、) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6)monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11)calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect16) vapor2. 1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact1

23、0) fatalitiesII. Translation11) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that

24、atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invent

25、ion, revolutionized transportation,changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing andmanufacturing cars makes it possi

26、ble to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of

27、 getting stuck in traffic jams. Unit 3 TextAContent questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old t

28、ennis player who wanted to work on his weakness - backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms

29、 in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants

30、.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successfulinterviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win.

31、1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile, the NewYork Marathon andthe Vietnamveteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) a New York cabdriver.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) in

32、terview (3) grill (4) clippings(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating 8hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted(out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations10) sparkled 11) took a crack a

33、t 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderellas wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the Kings palace3) will be in readers hands soon4) do

34、 your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1applicants,veteran, the prospective2From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave 2. used to avoid repetition 3

35、. Clean 4. get along5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete 7. study 8. be enough 9. beacceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, Ill talk aboutmyself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something he

36、re for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. Im going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai

37、.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6)

38、 structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibit II. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of

39、the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Workin

40、g together, well have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structure

41、s were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a jobapplicant to do his homework while seeking employment. Frommy standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.

42、I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars ayears in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much

43、about his prospective employer as possible dont have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Text AText rganization 1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-3 Introduction to Davos Man and the World EconomicForumPart Two Paras 4-5 Debate over the impact of globalization on currentsociety and cultureP

44、art ThreeppppPTThreeThreeParas 6-8 History of globalization and its recent trends and futureprospectsPart Four Paras. 9-11 Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges itfaces2. Main Events1. Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country.2. Davos Man sees their identi

45、ty as a mater of personal choice, not an accident of birth.3. Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.4. Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast, interconnectedmarket-place in which

46、 corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services. VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulum

47、s2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3.1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the worlds biggest car maker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers

48、 was at odds with his wife over money matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)She doesnt even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5. a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful o

49、f/be endorsed by/on a large scaleII.Word FormationWTO World TradeOrganization 世界贸易组织GDP Gross domestic product 国内生产总值ATM Automated teller machine 自动出纳机VAT Value-added tax 增值税CAD Computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计IT Information technology 信息技术IDD International direct dialing 国际直拨 MTV Music television 音乐电视

50、Radar Radio detecting and ranging 雷达IOC InternationalOlympic Committee 国际奥委会VIP Very important person 贵宾，大人物Laser Light amplification by stimulated emission ofradiation激光CPU Central processing unit 中央处理器III. Usage 1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The re

51、ason(he gave) that he didnt notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime s

52、oon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. academics3.a variety of5. vanish7. endorsing9. sweeping aside11. erasing(B)1. aided 2.effects3.distances 4. connected5. invested 6. features7. prevailing 8. qualitatively9. volume 10. DistinguishingII. Translation1.) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the Euro

53、pean economy, John has moved his assets fromEurope to elsewhere.2. networking4. growth6. facilitate8. outlook10. patriotic12. strike a balance 2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary care

54、s more about her personal growth.4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.2Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, youngfa

55、rmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in rece

56、nt years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The internet hasstrengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. Theyfollow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them dont seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.Unit 5 TextAoganization 1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1 It is no easy to judge people, for they arent alw