重庆师范大学考研真题英语专业

1、r )nhicb *imM best tfaMp Am* mr牡代L重庆师范大学2010年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（初试）招收专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：英语语言学、文体学、英美文学、英语国家文化研究、英语教学理论及应用、现代英语研究、社会语言学、翻译理论考试科目：基础英语科目代码：618考生不得在本试题上答题或任意涂写I. Multiple choice. (20 points)Section A: Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which would best keep the meaning

2、of the underlined word or phrase. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.1. The formulation of the writer s idea took half an hour.A. exact stateme ntB. detailed descripti onC. gen eral in terpretati onD. brief gen eralizati on2. Un able to sleep, the patie nt thrashed about in bed.A. twisted B. twi

3、tched C. tossed about D. tossed off3. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species prevail in the forests.A. coexistB. i nvadeC. domin ateD. gather4. The unjust peace agreeme nt set the scene fora no ther war.A. set offB. resulted in C. started withD. made ready for5.

4、My chief object ion to the book is that the characters are stereotyped.A. overdone B. lack in in dividualityC. poorly draw nD. i ncomplete6. He staked all his money on the result of the card game.A. . betB. putC. riskD. issued7. All his attempts to argue to save the bus in ess were futile.A. valuabl

5、e B. worthwhile C. uselessD. unn ecessary8. When Frank had found a movie he liked, what others said cut no ice with him.A. had much effect onB. had no effect onC. made a deep impressi on on D. made a slight impressi on on9. Nothing on earth can countervail the loss of one s health.A. coun tertur nB.

6、 compe nsate forC. prevail D. coun teract10. They accorded due praise to him for exceedi ng his fellow-workers in product ion.A. matchedB. sublimedC. revealed D. awardedSection B (1 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word o

7、r words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.11. Good motion pictures create.reality.A. delusi onB. allusi onC. illusi onD. illustrati on12. Civilized people ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputesby fighting.A. in s

8、teadB. ratherC. uni essD. other tha n13. , I don t know what we should have done without him.A. In prin cipleB. in gen eralC. In theoryD. In point of fact14. The loss in that fire disaster amounts to ¥14 billion.A. in the aggregate B. all in allC. in the total D. all in one15. Being a stranger,

9、 he took hisfrom the actions of the natives.A. no ticeB. cueC. opinion D. sig n16. I can t understand theof anyone who would doterrible thing like that.A. men talityB. powerC. i ntellige nee D. fun ctio n17. Stronger pressures have beenon the national character.A. at workB. affect ing C. in play D.

10、running18. A cigar-shaped body of gas was raised and eventuallyfrom the surface of the sun.A. desce ndedB. abstracted C. outr un D. reflected19. Condemned todeath, Socrates could have escaped but chose to die by drinkingpoisonseek ing truth even to death.A. strongB. deadC. dyi ngD. lethal20. The sci

11、entists have made a new plan for widespreadof antibiotics for non-medical use.A. explorati onB. expediti onC. exte nsion D. exploitati onII. Proofreading and error correction. (10 points)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, onl

12、y ONE word is involved. Y ou should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.ExampleWhen A art museum wants a new exhibit,it n ever buys things in fini shed form and hangs them on the wall.When a n atural history museum wants an exhibition, it

13、must ofte n build it.1 在 When后面加an2 去掉 never3 将 exhibition 改为 exhibitGood Manners, Good BusinessNobody actually wants to cause offence, but as bus in ess becomes ever more intern ati on al, it in creas ing easy to get it wrong. There may be a sin gle Europea n market but it does not mean that man ag

14、ers behave the same in Greece as they do in Denm ark.In many Europea n coun tries the han dshak ing is an automatic gesture .In France good manners require on arrivi ng at a bus in ess meeti ng a man ager shakes hands with every one prese nt. This can be dema nding task and, in a crowded room, may r

15、equire gymnastic ability if the furthest hand is to be reached.(1).(3).(8).(9).(10).Han dshak ing is almost as popular as other coun tries in clud ing Germa ny, Belgium and Italy. But for Northern Europea ns, such as the British and Scandin avia ns, are not quite so fond of physical dem on strati on

16、s of frien dli ness. In Europe the most com mon challe nge is not the content of the food, but in the way you behave as you eat. Some things are just not done. In France it is not good manners to raise trick questio ns of bus in ess over the main course. Busin ess has its place: after the cheese cou

17、rse. Except you are prepared to eat in sile nee you have to talk about somethi ng someth ing, that is, other tha n the bus in ess deal which you are con ti nu ally chew ing over in your head.III. Reading comprehension. (30 points)In this section there are three reading passages followed by a total o

18、f fifteen multiple-choicequestions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneIn the past few years, discoveries about Mars have indicated that evidence of life will eventually be found there. But visits to the Red Planet may confound the ability to tell the true

19、origin of Martian life. Did huma ns bring it, or did it arise on Mars before huma ns arrived?Patter ns in the Martia n soil suggest past water flow, and scie ntists are fairly certa in that there are vast frozen ice caps at the planet pedes. Water is, as far as scientists know, the essential ingredi

20、ent for life. Astrobiologists are concerned with the origi n, distributio n, and dest iny of life in the uni verse. As earthbo und huma ns in a pre-i ntergalactic travel era, they must look for places on Earth havi ng con diti ons similar to those existing on other planets. But that' sadougdiaon

21、) lfrth. Mars is a great place for red soil, but itnot too hospitable to life.For one, Mars average temperature is -60°Celsius (C) -76 ° Fahrenheit (F). The atmospheric pressure is less than one-hundredth that on Earth ssurface, and Mars very thin atmosphere is almost entirely carbon dioxi

22、de (CO 2), with a pinch of nitrogen (N) and very little water (H 2O) vapor or oxygen (O 2). In addition, Mars doesn htave an ozone (O3) layer and thus is bombarded by three times the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation as on Earth. This UV pounding effectively shreds any of the basic carbon-based b

23、uilding blocks of life, preventing their aggregation into the increasingly complex molecules associated with even such single-celled prokaryotes as bacteria.Yet, just as Earth has experienced major climatic changes through geologic time, so has Mars. At brief periods of its history, Mars has been co

24、mparatively warm and humid, and astrobiologists believe that these periods may have been conducive to life. Interestingly, scientists have found two very different earthly environments that may be analogous to Mars during a warm period and the frozen Mars of today: The hot-vent systems of Yellowston

25、e National Park in Wyoming and the icy deserts of Antarctica.Yellowstone s steamvinegnts are 90°C (193 °F) and provide an extremely acidic environment for any life-forms hardy enough to survive there. The pH, which is 1, can dissolve metals. The primary organisms living there are a bacteri

26、um associated with diseases such as leprosy and a photosynthetic alga that is one of the most acid-tolerant organisms of its kind. The alga probably obtains energy through photosynthesis, but the bacterium may get its energy from the surrounding metal-rich environment. Astrobiologists believe that t

27、his hot-vent ecosystem may be a good model of Mars during its warmer period: acidic, metallic, and hot. In addition, these organisms fossilize, holding a hope that even if life on Mars has died out, evidence in the form of fossils might remain.But during the more-prevalent cool periods, Mars is more

28、 like the icy deserts of Antarctica, where the very salty environments, averaging about -32 °C (-25 °F), harbor a common type of Penicillium bacterium, as well as a fungus that usually thrives on insects not present in Antarctica s dry valleys. How these organisms arrived is a mystery, as

29、is how they survive. The extreme saltiness of the environment lowers the freezing point of the water to as low as -56 °C (-69 °F), so that these organisms are in liquid water even in the extreme cold. This environment may be similar to the habitat under the Martian ice caps.Everyone must b

30、e aware of the possibility that the rovers and probes have already inadvertently brought earthly life to Mars. A scientific committee recently reported that there are some organisms capable of surviving the flight to Mars in the rovers circuitry. Once there, these organisms might even be able to sur

31、vive the extreme UV pounding if concealed under as little as 1 millimeter of soil. Thus, scientists must be extremely careful both in sterilization techniques here at home and in interpretations of any signs of life found on the Red Planet.1. Which of the following shows that there may be life on Ma

32、rs?A. Past water flow.B. Ozone layer.C. Atmosphere.D. Temperature.2. Which of the following is true?A. Astrobiologists II are scientists who study life beyond Earth,B. Astrobiologists go to other planets to study life there.C. The life astrobiologists have in mind is completely different from the li

33、fe we know on earth.D. Astrobiologists find the conditions on Mars conducive to life.3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. The bacterium and alga found in hot-vent Yellowstone show that there may have been life on Mars.B. The study of Yellowstone ecosystem shows that it i

34、s possible to find signs of past life on Mars.C. The Antarctic environment is similar to that under the ice caps of Mars.D. The astrobiologists study the ecosystem in Yellowstone and the Antarctica in order to learn whetherit is possible to find life on Mars.4. The purpose of this article is toA. ex

35、plain why we believe life can be found on Mars.B. call for people to protect the origins of life on Mars.C. show the evidence of life on Mars.D. prove the similarities between the earth and the Mars.Passage TwoSomeday some one -perhaps a composer is already at work on it -will write a great operatic

36、 cycle on the rise and fall of oil. In Wagner Ring it wasgosld that was taken from the Rhinemaidens, to the curse of all who possessed it until the commodity could be returned to the river whence it came.In the case of oil, it isblack gold I that has been wrested from the earth where it has lain for

37、 milliyears, to bring wealth and misery in equal measure upon those who find it, those who own it and those who consume it. Only when the world can move away from the corrosive and corrupting substance can society be at ease with itself.That is one narrative as the world faces the prospect that the

38、peak of oil production is being reached and that, from now on, output will fall, prices will rocket and the industrialized and industrializing nations will find themselves in a fierce scrabble to ensure available supplies.Then there is a different narrative, in which oil has been the great liberator

39、 of the past century; the fuel that has enabled hundreds of millions of ordinary people to embrace travel and an industrializing world to gain the energy to fuel its power and drive its manufacture.Without it the citizen would have remained trapped and economies would have been unable to prosper. Lo

40、ok only to New Orleans, a city emptied, to see what happens when you have no electricity and no transport.And on to this narrative. Of course, there is the tale of the industry that made it happen, the global oil giants that prefigured the worldwide companies of today, the sevensisters (hIalf of the

41、m, the bastard children of John D. Rockefeller disms embered Standard Oil) that controlled for so long the supply and distribution of the fuel and which gave rise, in its turn, to a countercartel of oil exporting countries in OPEC.It is no accident that Roman Abramovich, Mikhail Khodorkovsky and oth

42、er Russian oligarchs have virtually all made their money out of the privatization of the Soviet hydrocarbons industry, nor that three of the top 10 companies in the world are oil giants.Oil is unique in the extent to which it relies not on manpower but on knowledge and technical investment to find i

43、t, get it out, process it and refine it. Money is what it takes to develop it, and money is what you make from it. It is also unique in the extent to which it is found not where it is needed but in the most isolated and most inhospitable parts of the world. It s not that oil, and natural gas., don I

44、n traces and small quantities they crop up almost everywhere.But only in certain parts are the oil and gas caught in reservoirs big and porous enough tothe volumes that make it worthwhile. These, by a quirk of fate, lie largely in the deserts of Arabia and the Middle East, and the offshore waters of

45、 the continental shelves.Oil is politics and politics is oil. For the producer it brings revenues beyond measure but few jobs andlittle local direct ben efita sure recipe for corrupti on and con spicuous gover nment con sumpti on. Which isexactly what has happened in Nigeria and Kuwait. To the produ

46、cing country, at least, oil is a curse. Even Saudi Arabia has found its finances wrecked and its society pulled apart by it, while no one could argue that it has been the savior of either Iran or Indonesia.For the consumer, oil brings endless concerns about security of supply and foreign dependence.

47、 A sure recipe for political meddling and unholy alliances between Western states and foreign tyrants. Not for nothing has America, which once had plentiful supplies of its own and now depends on imports for half its consumption, forged special links with Saudi Arabia and other producers.Nor can oil

48、 be excluded to put it mildlyfrom President Bushcuslactaiolns when he invaded Iraqand instructed his troops to direct themselves first to guarding the oil installations. Iraq, with the greatest untapped reserves of the Middle East, was meant to provide a new, securer source of oil for America to cou

49、nterbalance an ever more volatile Saudi Arabia. Saddam Husseins greatest sin in Western eyestake over Kuwait and then threaten Saudi Arabias oil.And so it is that the invasion of Iraq to unseat him has helped bring about a further oil crisis, the third in30 years in which the price of oil has double

50、d, strategic reserves have been broken into and oil supplies overstretched. The first crisis, in 1973, was brought about by the Arab imposition of selective cutbacks in the wake of the Arab-Israeli war. The second was caused by the fall of the Shah of Iran in 1978. The latest has been engendered by

51、rising demand in China, falling supply because of Iraq and Hurricane Katrina, and a shortage of refining capacity. One crisis could be regarded as a warning; two as shock treatment. A third can only be viewed (by many of the experts, at least) as the beginning of the end.Is it?5. According to Paragr

52、aphs 1-7,A. a group of oil exporting countries formed OPEC to protect their legitimate rights in internationaloil market.B. oil has always been regarded as both a blessing and a curse.C. the seve n sistersult in ati onal compa nies mon opolize the world oil market.D. Russia s oil industry belongs to

53、 the state.6. Which of the following CANNOT be in the omitted part?A. Oil.B. Stone.C. Gold and silver.D. Coal.7. It can be inferred from the last paragraph but two thatA. the United States intended to control Iraq for its oil.B. Saudi Arabia has been a major supplier of oil for the United States.C.

54、the United States wanted to replace Saudi Arabia with Iraq for oil supply.D. disagreement between Saudi Arabia and the United States was growing.8. Which of the following is NOT true according to the author?A. Oil is the real motivation behind the US attack of Iraq.B. Saddam Hussein s sins are only

55、excufsoersthe western nations to secure their own oil supply.C. Oil has saved Iran but brought war to Iraq.D. Many western nations have given up their moral principles in face of oil.9 All the three oil crises in 30 years are NOT related toA. political changes.B. the war.C. the Middle East.D. intern

56、ational conflict.10. Which of the following would be the most likely ending of this article?A. But it is as well to remember that in Wagner sepic the gods who had built a great new home through labor bought by the gold destroyed themselves.B. The question now is whether this third shock is a replay

57、of 1973 or 1978 or perhaps different and more frightening than either.C. If we are to use more oil at the present rate of growth, most of it will have to come from OPEC, which may not be able or want to provide it.D. The end of the oil era is upon us.Passage ThreeIt was 2 a.m - the universal cue for

58、 closing time. Claude Willis III, overruled the signal. He would linger as long as necessary to address concerns and calm nerves.His marathon day had just begun. Since GM put the plant on death watch in November and pitched early retirement and buyout enticements to its work force nationwide, Shop Chairman Willis and other union heads have tried to shepherd 2,700 hourly employees through a maze of information toward what many label a life-altering decision.It s you