2018年考研英语二真题答案解析[完整版]

1、WORD格式.WORD. 格式.2021考研英语二真题+答案缺少完型填空1-20SectionUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points).People have speculated for centuries about a future without work,.Today is nodifferent,withacademics

2、,writers,andactivistsonceagain_1_warningthattechnologyisreplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwill be defined by_2_ inequality: A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and notmutuallyexculsive_3_holdst

3、hatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one_4_bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives_5_,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed._6_,todaysunemployeddontseemtobehavingagreattime. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepressio

4、n,doubletheratefor_7_Americans.Also,some research suggests that the _8_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-healthproblems, and addiction _9_ poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage ofwell-paid jobs. Another study shows that people are often happier at work than intheir free time. Perhap

5、s this is why many _10_ about the agonizing dullness of ajoblessfuture.Butitdoesnt_11_followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithmalaise.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe_12_ofbeingunemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the _13_ of work,asocietydesignedwithothere

6、ndsinmindcould_14_strikinglydifferentcircumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the _15_ of work may bea bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a squanderingof human potential,says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University ofIrelandinGalwaywhohaswritt

7、enaboutaworldwithoutwork.“Globalsurveysfind.专业资料.整理分享.专业资料整理WORD格式.WORD. 格式.that the vast majority of people are unhappy at work.These days, becauseleisure time is relatively _16_ for most workers, people use their free time tocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional_17_oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefr

8、om a hard days work, I often feel _18_,Danaher says, adding,“In a worldinwhichIdonthavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferentperhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself_19_ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreserved for _20_ matters.1 Aboasting BwarningCdenyingDensuring2AuncertaintyBunreliabilityCinst

9、abilityDinequality3ApolicyBguidelineCpredictionDresolution4AmeasuredBdiviedCbalancedDcharacterized5AmeaningBwisdomCgloryDfreedom6AindeedBinsteadCthusDnevertheless7ArichBworkingCurbanDeducated8AsubstituteBrequirementCcompensationD explanation9AunderBbeyondCamongDalongside10Aleave behindBworry aboutCm

10、ake upDset aside11AatatisticallyBnecessarilyCoccasionallyDeconomicall12AdownsidesBchanceCbenefitsDprinciples13AcourseBheightCfaceDabsence14adisturdbrestoreCyieldDexclude15AmodelBvirtueCpracticeDhardship16AtrickyBlengthyCscarceDmysterious17AthreatsBstandardsCqualitiesDdemands18AtiredBignoredCconfused

11、Dstarved19AoffBagainstCintoDbehind20AprofessionalBtechnologicalCeducationalDinterpersonal完型填空【答案】1. B warning2. D inequality.专业资料.整理分享.专业资料整理WORD格式.WORD. 格式.3. C prediction4. D characterized5. A meaning6. A Indeed7. B working8. D explanation9. A under10. worry about11. B necessarily12. B chances13.

12、D absence14. C yield15. C practice16. C scarce17. D demands18. A tired19. C into20. D interpersonalSectionReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following fourtexts.Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Satu

13、rday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5kmaroundtheir local park. The Parkrunphenomenonbegan with adozen friends and hasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousands.专业资料.整理分享.专业资料整理WORD格式.WORD. 格式.ofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparen

14、ts;theirtimesrangefrom Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondonsOlympic“legacyisfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympicwouldbetoleveranationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierand

15、producemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.The numberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun-upto2021-butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsporta week have nearly halved. Obesit

16、y has risen among adults and children. Officialretrospections continue as to why London2021 failed to“inspire a generation.The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. Theethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-ou

17、t first-timer beingclapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.The dual aim is mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidatingfor newcomers.Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsu

18、rdinthestategettinginvolvedplaningof such a fundamentally“grassrootsconcept as community sports associations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommon goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pavetennis and netball courts, and encouraging

19、 the provision of all these activitiesin schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidethe conditions for sport to thrive. Or

20、at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph 1Parkrun has.A gained great popularity.专业资料.整理分享.专业资料整理WORD格式.WORD. 格式.B created many jobsC strengthened community tiesD become an official festival21. The authorelie es that Londons Olympic“legacyhas failed to.A boost population growthB promot

21、e sport participationC impro e the citys imageD increase sport hours in schools22. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it.A aims at discovering talentsB focuses on mass competitionC does not emphasize elitismD does not attract first-timers23. ith regard to mass sportsthe author holds tha

22、t go ernments should.A organize“grassrootssports e entsB supervise local sports associationsC increase funds for sports clubsD invest in public sports facilities24. The authors attitude to whatgo ernment ha e done for sports is.A tolerantB criticalC uncertainD sympatheticText1【答案】21. Againedgreatpop

23、ularity22. Bpromotesportparticipation23. Cdoesnotemphasizeelitism24. Dinvestinpublicsportsfacilities25. Bcritical.专业资料.整理分享.专业资料整理WORD格式.WORD. 格式.Text 2Withsomuchfocusonchildrensuseofscreens,itseasyforparentstoforgetabout their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck you in,says JennyRadesky

24、 in her study of digital play,“and digital products are there to promotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overinto the family routine.Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevi

25、cesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecame a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emailswhile the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infa

26、nts arewired to look at parentsfaces totry to understand theirworld,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive- as they often are when absorbed ina device- it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the“still face experimentdevised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick i

27、n the1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way beforeputting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermothersattention.“Parentsdonthavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,buttherenee

28、dstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachildsverbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kidsuse of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parentsshould always be

29、interactingwith their children:“Its based on a somewhatfantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if yourefailing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.Tronickbelieves that just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt meantheres no value to

30、 it- particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,.专业资料.整理分享.专业资料整理WORD格式.WORD. 格式.do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get alotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more ava

31、ilable to their childthe rest of the time.25. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to_.A absorb user attentionB increase work efficiencyC simplify routine mattersD better interpersonal relations26. Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothersuse of devices_.A takes away bab

32、iesappetiteB distracts childrens attentionC reduces mother-child communicationD slows down babiesverbal development27. Radesky cites the“still face experimentto show that_.A it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB parents need to respond to childrens emotional needsC verbal express

33、ions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeD children are insensitive to changes in their parentsmood28. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_.A protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC remain concerned about kidsuse of

34、screensD ensure constant interaction with their children29. According to Tronick, kidsuse of screens may_.A make their parents more creative.专业资料.整理分享.专业资料整理WORD格式.WORD. 格式.B give their parents some free timeC help them with their homeworkD help them become more attentiveText2【答案】30. A absorb user a

35、ttention31. C reduces mother-child communication32. B parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs33. D ensure constant interaction with their children34. B give their parents some free timeText 3Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectati

36、onsinafast-movingwordoftencausesstudentstocompletely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefallitseemssillytostayackayeardoesntit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12yearsitdoesntfeelnaturaltospendayeardoing something that isnt academic.But while this

37、 maye trueits not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.Theres always a constant fear of fallingehind e eryone else on the sociallyperpetuated“race to the finish linewhether thate toward graduate schoolmedicalschooloralucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoes not hind the succe

38、ss of academic pursuits-in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from theUnited States and Australia show that students whotake a gapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethatthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresp

39、onsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges-allthingsthat first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences canlessentheblowwhen itcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimation blunders.If youre not con

40、 inced of the inherentalue in takinga year off to exploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoice.Accordingto the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of collegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisntsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhig

41、hschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Manystudentsfindthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplication,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.Itsnotnecessarilyaadthingbut depending on the school, it can be close

42、ly to make up credits after switching.专业资料.整理分享.专业资料整理WORD格式.WORD. 格式.too late in the game. At Boston college, for example, you would have to completeanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takinga gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save mon

43、eylater on.35. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is thatA. they think it academically misleadingB. they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC. it feels strange to do differently from othersD. It seems worthless to take off-campus courses36. Studies from the US and

44、Australia imply that taking a gap year helpsA.Keep students from being unrealisticB.Lower risks in choosing careersC.Ease freshmens financialurdensD.Relieve freshmen of pressures37. The word“acclimation(Line 8Para. 3) is closest in meaning toA.AdaptationB.ApplicationC.MotivationDpetition38. A gap ye

45、ar may save money for students by helping themA. Avoid academic failuresB. Establish long-term goalC. Switch to another collegeD. Decide on the right major39. The most suitable title for this text would beA. In Favor of the GapB. The ABCs of the Gap YearC. The Gap Year Comes BackD. The Gap Year :A D

46、ilemmaText3【答案】26. B They have a lot of fun to expect in college27. D relieve freshmen of pressure28. B adaptation29. A decide on the right major30. B In favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency ofthe wildfires isa national concernbecause

47、of impact on federaltax dollars, says.专业资料.整理分享.专业资料整理WORD格式.WORD. 格式.Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2021 , the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting firesnearly double the percentage it spendonsuchef

48、forts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfindstodaysaregoingtowardsthe agencys other worksuch as forest conservations, watershed and culturalresources management, and infrastructure upkeepthat affect the lives of allAmericans.Another nationwide concern is whether public front other agencies are goingint

49、oconstructioninfirepronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollors building homes are likely to be lost to a widefire?“Its already a huge problem from a public expenditure persperctive for thewhole country,he says“We need to take a manifying glass to that. Like,“Waitaminitues,isthisOk?Dowewa

50、ntinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcertrateon lowerhazardparts of the landscape?Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society todayviews fires, researchers say.For one thing, conversation about wildfires needs to be more inclusive. Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatecha

51、ngehowthewarningoftheEarthfrom greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, itshouldnt comeatthe expenseof the rest of the equation.“The human system andlandscapes we liveonare linked, and theinteractionsgobothsways,hesays.Fallingtorecogniz

52、ethat,henotes,leadsto“anoverlysimplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem andof what the solution is becomes very limited.At the same time , people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to bewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProffesorBalchat

53、theUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfiresinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingforthelaws,politics,andpracticesthatmakeit as safe as possible, she says .“Were disconnected ourselves from living with fire,Balch says ,It isreallyimportant to understandand try and trease out w

54、hat isthe humanconnectionwith the fire today .40. More frequency wildfires have become a national concern because in 2021 theytend toA. cause a huge a rise of infrastructure expenditureB. severely damaged the ecology of western statesC. consumed a recordhigh percentage of budgetD. exhausted unprecen

55、dented management efforts41. Moritz calls for the use of“a magnifying glasstoA. raise more funds for fire-prone areas.专业资料.整理分享.专业资料整理WORD格式.WORD. 格式.B. guarantee safer spending of public fundsC. avoid the redirection of federal moneyD. find widefirefree parts of the landscape42. While admitting tha

56、t climate is a key element, Moritz notes thatA. public debates have not selected yetB. firefighting conditions are improvingC. other factors should not be overlookedD. a shift in the view of fire has taken place43. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of falling toA. understand the interrelation of man and natureB. maximize the role of landscape in human lifeC.explore the mechanism of the human systemsD. d