2020-2021高考英语阅读理解综合练习题及详细答案

1、一、高中英语阅读理解1 .阅读理解It seems that electronic devices just keep getting smaller. Scientists in the United States have announced the creation of the first transistor with only two dimensions（二维）.A transistor is a small electronic device that transfers or carries electronic current. Scientists hope these

2、new 2D transistors will be used for building highresolution（高分辨率）displays that need very little energy.Two groups of scientists created these 2D transistors. They report that the transistors are only a few atoms thick.Usually transistors are made with the element silicon（硅）. Computer processors, mem

3、ory chips, TV screens and other electronic devices contain billions of silicon-based transistors. But these very small electrical parts have certain limitations.Dimitris Ioannou is an electrical engineering professor at George Mason University. He says the traditional transistor has been improved as

4、 much as it can be. He adds that researchers have been looking for new materials with special features and they want transistors to be seen through and soft."If the layers are very thin, the transistor can become flexible, so it doesn*t have to be rigid（坚 硬的），like it would be in a silicon chip.

5、 So people can think of applications like wearable electronics, television screens and other things,11 said Ioannou.These new transistors can also carry higher current. They also can move the current much faster than traditional transistors. This is important for high-definition screens.Dimitris Ioa

6、nnou says the scientific success could prove very useful in the future. "Now, how good and how useful it will be, it's still in the stage of research, but it certainly is an advance/' said Ioannou.（1） Which of the following statements about the newly created transistor is TRUE?A.They ar

7、e expected to be used in high-resolution displays.B.The transistors are made with the element silicon.C.They are rigid, just like traditional transistors.D.They have already been put into actual use.（2） What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A.The traditional transistors have been cha

8、nged into two-dimensional ones.B.Many of the traditional transistors have been improved over the years.C.The traditional transistor has been developed to its fullest.D.The traditional transistor has been developed quite well.（3） What is Dimitris Ioannou's attitude towards the creation of the new

9、 transistors?A.Negative.B.Neutral.C.lndifferent.Positive.【答案】（1）A（2） C（3） D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国科学家发明了新的二维晶体管，介绍了新型二 维晶体管的相关信息及未来前景。（1）考查细节理解. 根据第二段中的"Scientists hope these new 2D transistors will be used for building high-resolution （高分辨率）displays that need very little energy,可知，科学家们 希望能用这些新的二维晶

10、体管来制造高分辨率的显示器。故选A,（2）考查句义猜测。划线句句意为"他说传统的晶体管已经尽可能地改进了”可推知，传 统的晶体管已经开发到了极致。故选J（3）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的Dimitris Ioannou所说的话可推知，他对于这种新 型的晶体管持有积极乐观的态度。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细行理解，句义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅 读，考生需要准确捕捉细门信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出 正确答案。2.阅读理解I became a magician by accident. When I was nine years old,

11、I learned how to make a coin disappear. Td read The Lord of the Rings and risked coming into the adult section of the library to search for a book of spells （魔法）nine being that curious age at which you're old enough to work through more than 1, 200 pages of mysterious fantasy literature but youn

12、g enough to still hold out hope that you might find a book of real, actual magic in the library. The book I found instead taught basic sleight-of-hand （戏法）technique, and I devoted the next months to practice.Initially, the magic wasn't any good. At first it wasn't even magic; it was just a t

13、rick a bad trick. I spent hours each day in the bathroom running through the secret moves in front of the mirror. I dropped the coin over and over, a thousand times in a day, and after two weeks of this my mom got a carpet sample from the store and placed it under the mirror to eradicate the sound o

14、f the coin falling again and again.I had heard my dad work through passages of new music on the piano, so I knew how to practice slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather than speed. And then I tried the illusion （错觉）in the mirror and an unbelievable scene took place. It did not look like a m

15、agic trick. It looked like a miracle. I knew that I had got what I wanted.One day I made the performance on the playground. We had been playing football and were standing by the backstop in the field behind the school. A dozen people were watching. I showed the coin to everyone. Then it disappeared.

16、 The kids screamed. They yelled, laughed, scrambled away. Everyone went crazy. This was brilliant.（1） What did the author enter the adult section of the library to do?A. To kill his time.8. To find a book of magic. C To read The Lord of the Rings. D. To learn knowledge of literature.（2） What does th

17、e underlined word "eradicate" in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Get rid of.B. Give out.C. Imitate.D. Distinguish.（3） What contributed to the author's success?A. His mother's help.B. The secret of quick moves.C. The inspiration from his father.D. His repeated hard practice.（4） How would the au

18、thor feel about the result of his performance on the playground?A. It*s fantastic.B. It's funny.C. It's awkward.D. It's disappointing.【答案】(1)B(2) A(3) C(4) A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者变成魔术师是偶然的，并且具体讲述了自己九 岁时学习如何让硬币消失的经历。(1)考查细 理解。根据第一段中的"I'd read The Lord of the Rings and risked coming

19、into the adult section of the library to search for a book of spells "我读过魔戒，并且冒险进入 图书馆的成人区寻找魔法书，可知，作者进入图书馆的成人区是为了寻找魔法书。原文中 使用了不定式表达目的。故选丸(2)考查词义猜测。根据第二段讲述作者一开始练习让硬币消失时的练习经历，他每天 要在镜子前练1000遍左右，那么硬币也就会掉在地上1000次左右。所以划线单词所在句 子句意应为：两周后，妈妈从店里买了一块地毯，把它放在镜子下面，以掩盖硬币一次又 一次落下的声音。故选A。(3)考查推理判断° 根据第三段中的

20、“I had heard my dad work through passages of new music on the piano, so I knew how to practice slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather than speed. And then I tried the illusion (错觉)in the mirror and an unbelievable scene took place. It did not look like a magic trick. It looked like a mirac

21、le.”可知,作者是在父亲练习钢琴的 经历的启发下，领悟到了练习的真谛，最终取得了成功。故选C。(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"They yelled, laughed, scrambled away. Everyone went crazy. This was brilliant77,可知作者在操场上表演完硬币消失之后，K他同学欢呼、大 小并且都不知道是如何做到的，每个人都很疯狂。作者认为这个经历是非常棒的。故选Ao【点评】本题考点涉及细行理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一盘故事类阅 读，考生需要准确掌握细行信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出 正

22、确答案。3.阅读理解Imagine a school where self-awareness is celebrated, students are encouraged to solve maths problems by writing on the walls and applying learned lessons to real life is more important than homework. These are a few of the concepts that makes Space of Mind School unique.Located in a home b

23、uilt in 1896 in Florida, US, the program serves students in grades 2 through 12 and will accept kindergarten students next year. It also offers an after-school program for students who attend traditional schools, as well as evening programs for adults and educators and weekend events for families.Th

24、ere is a different atmosphere from that of a traditional school building. Tables and brightly colored walls are white boards. In the science room, students are studying climate changes at a weather station, while in the music room, a student is solving an equation (等式)with his academic coach while h

25、e connects music theory and maths.The daily schedule at the school also stands out. HWe don*t assign boring or exhausting homework." said Space of Mind founder and CEO Ali Kaufman. Hlnstead of homework, we ask that they go home and take a video of themselves applying a lesson they learned or co

26、oking a meal for their family that they learned how to make at school.11For lunch, instead of traditional cafeteria dishes such as pizza, the school offers organic meals made out of products from local gardens and farms. "Our students also run a business at the Delray Beach Green Market on Satu

27、rdays so they can understand sustainable living practices and how to run a business/' Kafman said."We are also the first school program in Florida to start and end each day with 15 minutes of meditation (冥起!)J Kaufman said. HThe positive results we have been seeing in the students from medi

28、tation are amazing. We are really about infusing social, emotional and creative skills with academic and life skills.11(1) Space of Mind School.A. assigns no homework.B. urges students to use what they learn.C. teaches students to earn money in class. D. focuses on knowledge learning.(2) What can be

29、 inferred from the last paragraph?A. Yoga enjoys great popularity in US.B. The practice of meditation is amazing.C. The meditation session lasts 15 minutes daily. D. The students benefit from meditation.(3) The underlined word Uinfusing" in the last paragraph probably means.A. emphasizingB. che

30、ckingC. developingD. helping(4) What is the text mainly about?A. What makes Space of Mind School outstanding.B. Why Space of Mind School is popular in US.C. How the after-class programs of space of Mind School are organized.D. How Space of Mind School cultivates students1 life skills.【答案】B(2) D(3) C

31、(4) A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 Space of Mind School 一些独特的理念和做 法。这些使得Space of Mind School与众不同。(1)考查细节理解e 根据第一段"Imagine a school where self-awareness is celebrated, students are encouraged to solve maths problems by writing on the walls and applying learned lessons to real life is more important than

32、homework. These are a few of the concepts that makes Space of Mind School unique.'1可知，Space of Mind School推崇自我意识，学生们被鼓励通过 在墙上写字来解决数学问题，并将学到的知识应用到实际生活中。故选(2)考查推理判断° 根据最后一段中的"The positive results we have been seeing in the students from meditation are amazing."可知，我们从学生的冥想中看到的积极结果是惊人

33、 的。由此可知，冥想是有好处的。故选D。(3)考查词义猜测° 根据最后一段中 的"The positive results we have been seeing in the students from meditation are amazing.”可知，冥想对学生有积极的影响。再结合划线词后的 skills可知，冥想可以“培养”学生的社交、情感和创新技能以及他们的学术和生活技能。故 选C。(4)考查主旨大意。第一段介绍了一些使得Space of Mind School独一无二的理念。第二 段是对Space of Mind School的简介。第三段介绍的是Space

34、of Mind School与众不同的氛 围。第四段介绍的是它独特的日程安排。第五段介绍的是其独特的午餐。最后一段介绍了 其首创的冥想活动。这些都使得Space of Mind School与众不同，独一无二。综上，文章主 要介绍了使得Space of Mind School突出的因素。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细行理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一 篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细廿信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行 分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4.阅读理解Norman Merriam Webster BES1850 DictionaryThis

35、 handy translator provides you with 5,000,000 total translation to and from Spanish and English! This dictionary is specially designed for all levels of language ability from beginners to advanced learners.Brand V7 Dictionary / TranslatorThis special model features the largest and most complete Russ

36、ian-English dictionary. Advanced English speech, accent correction function and specialized terms database will help you better communicate. Business organizers will allow you to stay in touch with the world through all kinds of advanced features.Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus DictionaryIt is the

37、 nearest word finder. It is also great for cross word puzzles. It will show you the time, day and date of local time zone and the same for over 100 cities throughout the world by simply entering the first letter of the name of the city.The Lingo Traveler 18It is an international translator containin

38、g over 96,000 words and 8,000 useful phrases. Equipped with a powerful databank, the Lingo Traveler 18 allows you to store all of your appointments, telephone numbers, and addresses.(1) Which dictionary can help to improve your Spanish?A. Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary B. The Lingo Tra

39、veler 18C. Norman Merriam Webster BES1850 Dictionary D. Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator(2) Which of the following is the most complete Russian-English dictionary?A. The Lingo Traveler 18B. Brand V7 Dictionary / TranslatorC. Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus DictionaryD. Norman Merriam Webster BES18

40、50 Dictionary(3) What sets the Lingo Traveler 18 apart from other dictionaries?A. It provides readers with 96,000 phrases and 8,000 words.B. It shows the time, day and date of local time zone over 100 cities.C. It offers advanced features for you to stay in touch with the world.D. It can store your

41、appointments, telephone numbers and addresses.【答案】c(2) B(3) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，推荐了一些电子词典，并介绍了每款电子词典的优 点©(1)考查推理判断。根据 Norman Merriam Webster BES1850 Dictionary 部分中的“This handy translator provides you with 5,000,000 total translation to and from Spanish and English 可知Norman Merriam Webster BES185D

42、ictionary提供了西班牙语和英语互译的五百万条 翻译，故推测该词典可以帮助学好西班牙语。选C。(2)考查细节理解。根据 Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator 部分中的“This special model features the largest and most complete Russian-English dictionary.“可知 Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator是最大和最完整的俄英词典。故选B。(3)考查推理判断。根据前面三部分的内容和The Lingo Traveler 18部分中的“the Lingo Trav

43、eler 18 allows you to store all of your appointments, telephone numbers, and addresses”可 知，只有Ling。Traveler有存储预约，电话号码和地址的功能。这是它与其它三种电子词典 的不同之处.D. It can store your appointments, telephone numbers and addresses.”它能够储 存预约，电话号码和地址''符合以上说法，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细行理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需 要准确掌握细节信息，并根据

44、上下文进行逻辑推理，而选出正确答案。5.阅读理解By analyzing the fossilized teeth of some of our most ancient ancestors, a team of scientists led by the universities of Bristol (UK) and Lyon (France) have discovered that the first humans significantly breastfed their infants (婴 JL) for longer periods than their contemporar

45、y relatives.The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning (断奶)that remain otherwise unseen in the fossil record.The team sampled minute amounts from nearly 40 fossilized teeth of our South African fossil relatives, early Homo, Paranthrop

46、us robustus and Australopithecus africanus. They measured the proportions of their stable calcium isotopes (同位素)in the tooth enamel(牙釉质),which are a function of the mother milk intake by infants. They show that early Homo offspring(后代)was breastfed in significant proportions until the age of around

47、three to four years, which likely played a role in the apparition of traits that are specific to human lineage(jfllc)/ such as the brain development.In contrast, infants of Paranthropus robustus, that became extinct around one million years ago and were a more robust species in terms of dental anato

48、my, as well as infants of Australopithecus africanus, stopped drinking sizeable proportions of mother milk in the course of the first months of life.These differences in nursing behaviors likely come with major changes in the social structures of groups as well as the time between the birth of one c

49、hild and the birth of the next.One of the study's lead authors, Dr Theo Tacail said: HThe practice of weaning - the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling - differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and

50、 modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.The development of such behavioral differences likely played major roles in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.However, getting insig

51、hts into these behavioral changes from fossils that are millions of years old is a challenge and, so far; little evidence allow discussing nursing practices in these fossil species.The findings stress the need for further exploration of calcium stables isotopes compositions in the fossil record in o

52、rder to understand the co-evolution of weaning practices with other traits such as brain size or social behaviors." co nte mpora ry- relatives/ (1) What do we know the findings of the team?A. It takes the lead in focusing on Practice weaning.B. It has disclosed the link between the weaning prac

53、tice and other traits.C. It is evident that nursing practice is associated with behavioral changes.D It's contemporary humans that spend more time breastfeeding their infants.< 2) What does the underlined phrase "such behavioral differences1' in Paragraph 7 most probably refer to?A.

54、Differences in the calcium isotope in the teeth.B. Differences in the social structure of groups.C. Differences in the practice of weaning.D. Differences in the change of behaviors.(3) What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The evolution of human lineage.B. The possible influence of nursing beha

55、viors.C. The exploration of compositions in the fossil.D. The function of mother milk at the age of infants.【答案】(1)A(2) C(3) B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过对祖先牙齿化石的研究，科学家们发现第一批 用母乳喂养婴儿的人类比同时代的其他的近亲在时间上要长很多，而这种育幼差异可能在 人类进化中扮演了重要角色，比如大脑发育和社会群体方而。(1)考查细节理解° 根据第二段中的"The results, published in the journal

56、Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning ”可知这项研究结果发表在科学进展杂 志上，为断奶行为提供了第一手资料，而这在化石记录中是看不到的。故选A。(2 )考查句义猜测。根据第六段中的"The practice of weaning - the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling - differs among the mode

57、rn members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos."可知现代人和古代人的断奶行为不同， 而且人类和猩猩以及猿猴在断奶的时间上是不同的，即不同时代/不同物种的断奶行为是有 差异的，而画线部分的such就是指上文提到的内容。故选C。(3)考查主旨大意° 根据第七段中的“The development of such behavioral differences . in the evo

58、lution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.”可知，这种行为差异的发展可能在人类血统成 员的进化中扮演了重要角色，例如与社会群体的大小和结构，大脑的发展有关。所以短文 主要是关于育幼行为可能带来的影响。故选【点评】本题考点涉及细行理解，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅 读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而

59、选出正确答案。6.阅读理解Hi, I'm Neil Harbisso. I come from a place where the sky is always grey, where flowers are always grey, and where television is still in black and white.I actually come from a world where color doesn*t exist. I was born with achromatopsia. I was born completely color-blind. So I've never seen color; and don't know what it looks like. But since the