高考英语一模试卷分类汇编阅读理解(附答案)50

1、高考英语一模试卷分类汇编阅读理解（附答案）50一、高中英语阅读理解1 .阅读理解People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.The results sho

2、w that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.Jam

3、es Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. "An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key

4、 role," he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he said. "This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease among taller people."Bu

5、t while height has increased around the world, the trend in many African countries causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds."One reason for these decre

6、ases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,"said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential( 潜力)in terms of height

7、.Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications "How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades t

8、o come."11) What does the global study tell us about people's height in the last century?A. The increase in people's height has been quickening.B. The increase in women's height is bigger than in men's.C. There is a remarkable difference across continents.D. There has been a not

9、iceable increase in most countries.(2) What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A. They enjoy an easier life.B. They tend to live longer.C. They risk fewer deadly diseases.D. They have greater expectations in life.(3) What does the underlined word "reversed" in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Slo

10、wed down. B. Gone upwards. C. Changed to the contrary. D. Come to life again.(4) What does James Bentham suggest we do?A. Ensure children's proper nutrition and healthcare.B. Improve the economic situation of some countries.C. Watch the global trend of increasing height closely.D. Attach great i

11、mportance to environmental protection.【答案】（ 1 ） D（ 2） B（ 3） C（ 4） A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的” Peoplehave grown taller over the last century, withSouth Korean women sh

12、ooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014. 在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了“20 厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5 厘米。一项全球研究调查了1914 年至 2014年间 200 个国家 18 岁青年的平均身高。"可知，这项全球研究调查了1914

13、年到 2014 年200 个国家 18 岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。故选D。（ 2 ） 考 查 细 节 理 解 。 根 据 第 四 段 中 的 ” Beingtaller is associated with longer life expectancy 可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。故选 “B。（ 3）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的” While height increased in Uganda and Niger during theearly 20th century 而在“ 20 世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及” withheightd

14、ecreasing among 18-year-olds. 在 “ 18岁的人群中，随着身高的下降。可知，reversed 的意思是 " 反转" 。故选C。（ 4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的” If we give children the best possible start in life now,they will be healthier and more productive for de cades to come. 如果我们现在给孩子们最好的 “人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。可知，他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。故选A。【点

15、评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。2 阅读理解In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity（ 繁荣 ）. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one pe

16、rson against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minde

17、d pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualitiesis sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competiti

18、on. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: &q

19、uot;I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try."What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the

20、true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissoke(缓解)can we discover a new mea

21、ning in competition.(1) Why are some people in favor of competition?A. Because they think competition pushes society forward.B. Because they think competition improves social abilities.C. Because they think competition builds up a sense of pride.D. Because they think competition develops people'

22、s relationship.(2) What does the underlined phrase "the most vocal" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. People who try their best to win.B. People who highly value competition.C. People who are strongly against competition.D. People who mostly rely on others for success.(3) Which viewpoint does the

23、 author agree to?A. Self-worth relies on winning.B. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.C. Competition leads to unfriendly relationship.D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.(4) What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.B. People hold dif

24、ferent opinions about competition.C. Failures are necessary experience in competition.D. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.【答案】(1) AC(3) D(4) B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们对于竞争所持的不同观点。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Some value ihighly, believing that it is responsible forsocial progress and pro

25、sperity."可知，一些人赞成竞争是因为他们认为竞争促进社会的进步 和繁荣。故选Ao（ 2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ theystrongly blame competition" 他们强烈谴责竞争；以及"youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents orsociety"遭受来自父母或社会的竞争压力的年轻人，可推知，画线部分的意思是"强烈反对的 " 。故选C。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的” Only as th

26、is basic andoften troublesome fear beginsto dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition. 只有当这种基本的、常常令人烦恼“的恐惧开始消失时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义。可推知，作者认为竞争要摆脱对失败的恐惧。故选D。（ 4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段” In modern society there is a great deal of argument aboutcompetition. Some value it highly, believing that it is respon

27、sible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. 在现代社会，关于竞争有很多争论。有些人“非常重视它，认为它对社会进步和繁荣负有责任。其他人说竞争是不好的;它使一个人反对另一个人;这会导致人与人之间不友好的关系。以及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍人们对于竞争所持的不同观点。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及

28、细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行 分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3 阅读理解My father loves his garden. He planted some seeds in it. But at that time I didn't understand why working in the dirt excited him so much.Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured i

29、n an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips so she couldn't take care of the garden. I didn't want my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered. I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long

30、 as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often so I didn't think much about the garden.One Saturday morning, my father said to me, "Christine, the vegetables should be about ready to be picked. Let's have a salad today!" I went out to the garden and was upset to see that ma

31、ny of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs. There were hundreds of bugs all over them!I panicked for a moment, but then I quietly went to the nearest store to buy some vegetables.When I gave the salad to him, he said, "Oh, Christine, what a beautiful salad! I can't bel

32、ieve the carrots are this big already. You must be taking very good care of my garden." I felt a little bit guilty.Coming home, my mother saw the bag from the supermarket in the kitchen. I was embarrassed and I admitted, "Dad wanted a salad, but the garden was a disaster. I didn't want

33、 to disappoint him so I went to the store." She laughed but promised to help me in the garden and weeks later I was finally able to pick some.I carefully made a salad and took it to my father. He looked at it with a hint of a smile."Christine the carrots are smaller in this salad, but they

34、 taste better."Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they maybe. Perhaps this was one of the reasons for my father's love of gardening.（ 1 ） Christine originally said she would do the gardening

35、because she .A.knew it was important to her fatherB.wanted to improve her gardening skillsC.was asked by her father to do itD.was interested in growing vegetables（ 2） Which of the following was a problem in the garden?A.Animals often dug in the garden.B.Insects destroyed the lettuce and carrots.C.Th

36、e plants were given too much water.D.The vegetables were marked incorrectly.（ 3） Christine could secretly make the salad from store-bought vegetables because .A.her father couldn't see the garden's progressB.her father was in hospital at that timeC.her mother helped her to buy the vegetables

37、D.her mother helped her to make a spray（ 4） What did Christine learn through her experience of gardening?A.Always prepare for a rainy day.B.Don't be disappointed by bugs.C.Hard work can be rewarding.D.Working alone produces results.【答案】（ 1 ） A（ 5） B（ 6） A（ 7） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了帮养病的爸爸照顾花园的经历让C

38、hristine 明白了努力工作是值得的。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"My father loves his garden."及第二段中的"I didn'twant my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered." 可知， Christine 的爸爸很喜欢花园，她不想让爸爸在养伤期间担心他的花园没人照顾，所以Christine 说她会帮他照顾花园，也就是说Christine 知道花园对爸爸很重要才说帮他照顾花园，故

39、选A。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"I went out to the garden and was upset to see thatmany of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs." 可知， Christine 去花园看 到许多莴苣叶和胡萝卜被虫子吃掉了一半，由此可知，花园的一个问题是昆虫破坏了莴苣和胡萝卜，故选B。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injur

40、ed in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while." 可知， Christine 的爸爸在一次事故中受了重伤，需要卧床养伤，看不到菜园的进展，所以Christine 才能偷偷地用商店里买来的蔬菜做沙拉，故选A。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effortinto caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small the

41、y maybe." 可知，现在，Christine 更好地理解，为某事付出大量的努力可以帮助你更好地欣赏成果，不管成果有多小，言外之意，这个经历让Christine 明白了努力工作是值得的，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4 阅读理解A society that lives by the plastic fork may very well die from it. That's how things are looking. Anyway, for a wo

42、rld so used to disposable（ 一次性的） habits, any hope for a solution（ 解决方案）also increasingly seems to be buried.Sure, there have been some hopeful ideas. Boyan Slat, the Dutch inventor developed a plan for Covering the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Not long after it started, Slat's system experienced

43、 "material fatigue（ 疲劳 ）"-likely the result of being strained（ 使受到压力） by all that trash-and thetask was delayed.All the while, the plastic increases. Its growth is very fast, according to Linda Wang, a professor of chemical engineering at Purdue University. She says, "We'll have m

44、ore plastic than fish by 2050." Yet Wang, along with other researchers at Purdue, may have a solution not only to this plastic problem, but also to the growing need for clean energy. Her team has developed a system that turns waste, a durable, lightweight material that accounts for about a quar

45、ter of all plastic waste, into a highly pure form of gasoline.Publishing their findings in the journal Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, the scientists' state that instead of making plastic go away, they can break it down and reuse it, using chemistry to destroy what chemistry brought to th

46、e world when plastic was developed back in 1907.The process uses "supercritical" water-heated to around 450 degrees Celsius （842 degrees Fahrenheit）,beyond the key point at which distinct liquid and vapor phases（ 气液态 ） exist-to boil plastic waste into an oil, the researchers explain. It ta

47、kes a couple of hours for the supercritical water to complete the transformation, but the result is a kind of oil that can be used as gasoline or fuel. It can also be turned into other products.The researchers have only made the transformation in a laboratory setting so far, but they suggest turning

48、 the process to a commercial scale（ 规模 ） may not be far off. And considering the 300 million tons of plastic into the environment every year, that day can't come soon enough. But it will come in time.（ 1 ） Why is the plastic fork mentioned in paragraph 1?A. To indicate the hopeless future of hum

49、an life.B. To figure out the solution to reducing plastics.C. To show the seriousness of the plastic problem.D. To tell people to give up an unhealthy lifestyle.（ 2） What can we know about Slat's system?A. It proves harmful to the Pacific.B. It has been abandoned completely.C. It has received ma

50、ny people's opposition. D. It met with difficulty while being carried out.（ 3） What is the advantage of Wang's system?A. It can save fish in the ocean.B. It can recycle and reuse plastic.C. It can surely lower the prices of gas and fuel.D. It can make plastic products more affordable.（ 4） Wh

51、at is the author's attitude towards Wang's system?A. Hopeful.B. Disapproving.C. Cautious.D. Uncertain.【答案】（ 1 ） C（ 2） D（ 3） B（ 4） A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Linda Wang 的新系统，它可以回收利用塑料。（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ That's how things are looking. Anyway, for a world soused to dispo sable habits, any hope f

52、or a solution also increasingly seems to be buried. 可知，人 们习惯了使用像塑料叉子之类的塑料制品，以至于找到解决塑料问题的解决方案的机会很渺茫。由此可推断，文章提到塑料叉子是为了表明塑料问题的严重性。故选C。（ 2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ Notlong after it started ， Slat's system experienced'material fatigue likely the r esult of being strained by all that trash. 在启动后不久，“Slat 的系

53、统 就经历了“材料疲劳”，这可能是所有垃圾造成的。可推断，Slat 的系统在实施的过程中遇到了困难。故选D。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ Yet Wang, along with other researchers at Purdue, mayhave a solution not only to this plastic problem, but also to the growing need for clean energy. Her team has developed a system that turns waste, a durable, lightweight mat

54、erial that accounts for about a quarter of all plastic waste, into a highly pure form of gasoline. 然而，王和普渡大学的其他研究人员可能不仅解决了这个塑料问题，而且解决了对清洁能源日益增长的需求。她的团队已经开发出一种系统，可以将废物（一种耐用、重量轻的材料，约占所有塑料废物的四分之一）转化为高纯度的汽油。可知，Wang 的系统可以回收利用塑料。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ that day can't come soon enough. But it will come

55、in time. 那一天来得越早越好。但它迟早会到来。可推断，作者对 ”Wang 的系统满怀希望。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5 阅读理解At 88, my grandmother Vera has dementia and barely recognizes me. But I'm determined tohelp her age with dignity and grace in her home for as long as she can.Since 20

56、15, I've been a manager at Honor, a technology company that uses a website and an app to pair professional caregivers (we call them Care Pros) with loved ones who need a hand. I want to make sure we are offering all our clients ( 客户),including my grandmother, a service that is affordable, with p

57、eople who are reliable, diverse and skilled. On Sundays. Amy, my grandmother's most-loved Honor professional caregiver, comes over to get her dressed for church. She loves the time she spends with Amy. That's the best gift I can give her and the best gift I can give myself. Care giving can e

58、xhaust a family emotionally and physically. At Honor, we're trying to create something that makes it easier for women to be moms, daughters, and sisters all at once. That's why this company was built.What sets Honor apart from other care giving services is that we're equally focused on t

59、reating the Care Pros well. We pay higher-than-average rates and they can get health benefits and sick leave. Most of our Care Pros are women, and a lot of them arc single mothers. The technology behind our app allows Care Pros to set parameters ( 参数)based on when, where, and how much they want to work so they can control their schedules. The company also allows continuity of care. Each Care Pro notes in the caregivers' app how the client is feeling or what should happen on the following shift. That way, the client'