中考形容词、副词讲义

1、.形容词、副词中考试题对形容词的考察涉及形容词原级、比较级和最高级的各种句型，形容词作定语的位置，易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。从考察形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。 一. 形容词：形容词主要用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词在句中可用作表语、定语、补语等。1作定语，放在名词前， something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词之后；形容词修饰疑问代词时，也须放在其后。 如：Its a cold and windy day. Would you like something hot to drink? What

2、 else can you see? 你还能看见其它什么东西？2作表语，放在系动词之后。常见的系动词有be, become, get变, turn变, feel, look看起来, seem, smell, sound, taste。如： He looks happy today. Silk feels soft. 绸子摸起来很软。 Milk is able to turn bad easily in summer.3作宾补，放在宾语之后 keep/find/make/think+宾语+形容词作宾补 We are making our country strong.4. 形容词的排列顺序：如：

3、a big yellow Chinese wooden ship一个黄色的大型中国木船 前置形容词作定语的顺序为： 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠； “限定词包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词等。更多资料QQ378459309制作：表观点的 “描绘性形容词如：beautiful、bad、interesting、great等。“大长高表示大小、长短、上下等一些词big,small, ,short, tall表示“形状的词如：round, square等。年龄，新旧，颜色的形容词young，old，new，white，red等 “国籍指一个国家或地区的词。Chi

4、nese，rural乡村的 “材料的词如：wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。 “作用类别的词如：medical, college，writing desk，police car等。两个圆形的蓝色日本塑料盘 5、有关形容词的用法辨析： whole与all：记住两个词序： the whole + 名词；如：He was busy the whole morning.整个早晨他都很忙 all of the + 名词。 He can remember all the words he learns. tall与high, short与low：指人的个子树、楼时用tall与shor

5、t；如：Hes very tall/short.他个子高/矮 Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.指其他事物含价格price时一般用high与low。 A few people live on high mountains. real与true： real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的 This is a real diamond and its very expensive.true指事情或消息的可靠性“真实的-Is that true?Yes. I heard it with my own ears. interested

6、与interesting的区别： interesting指人或东西“有趣的,作定语或表语, 如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. / This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself. interested那么表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的,只能作表语 I am interested in science. excited/exciting; bored/boring等类似5nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等

7、；如：Lets go and share the nice cake./ She is a nice girl.漂亮的【good/well区别见资料】fine一般指身体或天气好 What a fine day!多好的天气！/ I am fine.我身体很好6too much与much too：too much表示“太多的,修饰不可数名词，表数量；如：I am full because I have had too much rice.much too表示“太,修饰形容词或副词，表程度。 That coat is much too dear.7 quick、fast与soon：quick与fas

8、t根本同义quick常指反响速度快After a quick lunch, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.fast往往指运动速度快, A train is much faster than a bus.soon那么表示时间上很快即将发生将来时。His father will be back to China very soon. 8lonely与alone：lonely 有感情色彩的形容词,意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的；荒凉的,作定语或表语alone adj.“单独的,单独的,客观情况,仅作表语,作为副词的alone可作状语。如：He l

9、ives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独He is a lonely person.9sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语，如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now. Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets owners like them.ill做定语意为“坏的ill words坏话二.副词 中考试题对副词的考察涉及常用副词的用

10、法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。 1. 副词的分类 副词按词汇意义可分为： 方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly 程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite 地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home 时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently 频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never 否认副词：no，not，neither，nor 疑问副词：where，how，wh

11、y 其他：also，too，only2. 副词的根本用法： 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如：We should listen to our teachers carefully. 修饰动词 He is very happy today. 表时间 “What happened?I asked, rather angrily. 修饰adv./In spring,I can see flowers everywhere. 表地点3.副词的位置 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾

12、,already、just一般放在动词的前面。I will do it omorrow. 疑问副词：how , when, where, why放在句子的开头。如Where did he go yesterday? 关系副词,连接副词放在所连接从句的开头I should like to know when the new term will begin? 频度副词通常都放在动词前面，但假设句子里面有情态动词，助动词或动词be，就放在这类动词的后面。例如： He often does this. / You must always bear this in mind. 副词排列顺序a时间，地点副

13、词，小单位在前，大单位在后b方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully. c多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。He worked very well here last week. 注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能直接修饰动词。改错： I very like English. 4. 常见副词用法辨析1already,yet与still的区别 already用于如今完成时态的肯定句句中，表示“已经； He had already left when I called.yet用于如今完成时态的

14、否认句句末，表示“还，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经。 Have you found your ruler yet？/ I havent finished my homework yet.still表事情还在进展He still works until late every night.2so与such的区别 so修饰形容词或副词；such 修饰名词。如： My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him. / He is such a boy. 他是一个这样的孩子。aso修饰的构造是“so形容词a/an可数名词单数。bsuch修饰的构造是“such a

15、/an形容词可数名词单数，c“such形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词。如 He is so clever a boy.He is such a clever boy. 改错 It is so cold weather. They are so good students. 假如可数名词复数前有many，few或不可数名词前有much，little修饰，用so不用such。如： so many如此多的；so few如此少的可以加可数名词复数。 so much如此多的；so little如此少的可以加不可数名词。 So time so people A so many B so few C so

16、much D such little3also, too, as well与either 的区别 also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否认句中，置于句末。如：My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher. My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too. I

17、cant speak French, Jenny cant speak French，either.4sometime, sometimes, some time与some times的区别 sometime 某一时间，某一时刻可指将来时，也可指过去时 / sometimes 有时，不时的 some time 一段时间 / some times 几次，几倍 如：Well have a test sometime next month. 下个月的某一时间，我们要进展一次测试。 Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not. He stayed in

18、 Beijing for some time last year. / I have been to Beijing some times. 5ago与before的区别 ago表示以如今为起点的“以前，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。 before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。如： I saw him ten minutes ago. / He told me that he had seen the film before. 6how 的几个短语：how often“多常,每隔多久,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进展提问；how soon“多久

19、以后,常用于将来时态，对in引导的一段时间提问； how long“多久用于过去时、完成时或其他时态，常对于for或since引导的时间状语提问； how many times“多少次,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进展提问； how much“多少,对程度进展提问,也可以对数量不可数或金钱进展提问。how many多少对可数名词数量进展提问。how far “多远对间隔 进展提问如： have you been like this?-For 2 days. / - does he wash his face? Once a day. Will be come back?-In five mi

20、nutes. / - is it from your home to your school?7 hard与hardly的用法: hard作为副词意思是“努力地,猛烈地, They study English very hard.hardly是否认词,意思是：“几乎不,一般与情态动词can/could连用。You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.8 now，just与just now的区别now：与一般如今时、如今进展时、如今完成时连用，意为“如今just：与如今完成时连用，表示“刚 just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚刚Whe

21、re does he live_? / We have _ seen the film. / He was here_. 三形容词，副词的比较级、最高级 1. 规那么变化2. 不规那么变化1资料P98不规那么变化表更多资料QQ378459309制作：2以下单、双音节词只能加more和most原级比较级最高级like相似的，同样的more likemost likereal真的more realmost realtired疲惫的more tiredmost tiredpleased快乐的more pleasedmost pleasedoften经常more oftenmost often四. 形

22、容词，副词等级的用法 1. 原级的用法 1有very，quite，so，too, enough等修饰的词，用原级 如：He is too tired to walk on. 2 肯定句中A+ as+adj./adv.的原级+as +B A和B一样 否认句中 A+not asso +adj./adv.的原级+as+B A 和B不一样 eg：Tom is as old as Kate./ Tom is twice as old as Kate. This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。2. 比较级的用法 1 A.+比较级+ than+ B

23、 A比B用比较级 Tom is taller than Kate. 汤姆比凯特高。 2 可以修饰比较级的词：much, a lot, far; a little，a bit; even; still,表程度It is much colder today than yesterday. 3选择疑问句中，二选一时 Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？ 4用比较级表示最高级的意思 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国长江比其它任何一条河都长。5“比较级and比较级表示“越来越 如：He is getting taller and taller./ The flowers are more and more beautiful. 6“the比较级，the比较级表示“越，就越 如：The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make. 7在比较级中为了防止重复，在than后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。 如：The weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai. 8表示倍数的比较：A.+倍数+than