人教版高考英语基础知识、词汇短语、句式归纳必修1：unit5

1、高考英语基础知识扫盲 -人教版必修一 -unit 5【基础词汇】1.republic n. 共和国 ;共和政体2.principle n. 法则;原则 ;原理3.mankind n. 人类4.guidance n. 指导 ;领导5.legal adj. 法律的 ;依照法律的6.fee n. 费（ 会费、学费等 ）; 酬金7.youth n. 青年 ;青年时期8.league n. 同盟 ;联盟 ;联合会9.stage n. 舞台;阶段 ;时期10. quote n. 引用语 ;语录11. release vt. 释放;发行12. blanket n. 毛毯 ;毯子13. terror n. 恐

2、怖 ;可怕的人 ;恐怖时期 ;恐怖活动14. sentence vt. 判决;宣判15. anti-black adj. 反黑人的【高频词汇】1.meanadj.吝啬的；自私的;卑鄙的2.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的3.fou ndvt.建立;建设4.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的5.lawyer n.律师6.hopefuladj.怀有希望的；有希望的7.votevt.&vi.投票;选举 n.投票;选票;表决8.attackvt.进攻;攻击;抨击9.willingadj.乐意的；自愿的10. escape vi.&vt. 逃脱;逃走;避开11.be

3、g vi. 请求;乞求12.relativen.亲戚;亲属13.presidentn.总统;会长;校长;行长14.opinionn.意见石法;主张15. warm-hearted adj.热心肠的【核心词汇】1.qualityn 质量;品质;性质 qua ntityn.数量（形近词）2.activeadj.积极的;活跃的act v.行动actionn.行为;行动3.selfish adj.自私的selflessadj.无私的;忘我的 selflessly adv 无私地;忘我地4.devotevt.（与 to 连用）献身;专心于 devoted adj.忠实的;深爱的5.violenee n.

4、暴力;暴行violentadj.暴力的6.equal adj.相等的;平等的 equallyadv 相等地;平等地7.fairadj.公正的；公平的 unfairadj.不公正的；不公平的8. educate vt 教育;训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n 教育9.crueltyn.残忍;残酷cruel adj.残忍的10. rewardn 报酬;奖金 rewardvt.酬劳;奖赏【词汇联想】1.后缀-ent 形容词与-ence 名词大集合 violent 暴力的 violence 暴力 sile nt 沉默的 sile nee 沉默 different

5、不同的 difference 差异 patient 有耐心的patienee 耐心 confident 自信的confidence 信心evide nt 明显的 evide nee 证据intelligent 聪明的intelligence 智力in depe ndent 独立的independence 独立2.加后缀 “-ty ”构成的名词 cruel 残忍的 cruelty 残忍 difficult 难的 difficulty 困难3.find 与 found 的过去式与过去分词 findfound foun 发现found foun ded foun de 建立4. mea n 用法小结

6、be mean to st 对某人吝啬mea n to do sth 打算干某事mea n doing sth 意味着做某事means 方法meaning 意思5. quality 联想篇qua ntity n.数量 qualify vt. 使合格 qualificati on n.资格 be of high/good quality 好品质quantities of/a large quantity of 大量的6. attack 用法小结make an attack on 攻击;袭击;抨击 under attack 遭到攻击 ;遭到袭击 a heart attack 心脏病爆发7 .表示“

7、人物特点 ”的形容词全扫描 generous 慷慨的active 积极的 ;活跃的warm-hearted 热心肠的creative 富有创造力的devoted 有献身精神的en ergetic 有活力的 intelligent 聪明的 ambitious 有雄心壮志的 confident 有信心的en thusiastic 充满热情的【短语】1. put sb.in prison 把某人关进监狱2. blow up 使充气 ;爆炸3. come to power当权 ;上台4. be sentenced to 被判处.（徒刑）1. 求助于 ;致力于 turn to2. 失业out of wo

8、rk3. 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中4. 丧失勇气或信心lose heart5. 设立 ;建立set up6. 事实上as a matter of fact【短语联想】1. “ aT头短语一览as a matter of fact 事实上as a result 结果as follows 如下as men ti oned above 如上所述2. heart 相关短语一览learn sth.by heart 背诵;记牢lose heart 丧失勇气或信心lose one s hea 爱上;喜欢上break one s hefif 某人伤心put one ahento 专心于【句式】We

9、first broke the law in a way which was peaceful;when this was not allowed. onlythe ndid we decide to an swer viole nee with viole nee.首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律；而当这种方式也得不到允许时，只有到这 个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。考点提炼“only 状语(从句)”放于句首，主句用部分倒装的形式。【句子仿写】in trouble1. 只有到那个时候他才意识到他错了。Only the n did he realize that he was wrong.2.

10、 只有到我又一次失败的时候我才意识到知识的价值。Only whe n I had ano ther failure did I realize that kno wledge is valuable.【语篇填空】Elias was a poor black worker in South Africa while Nels on Man dela was theblack lawyer,who offered 1. guidanee(guide)to the poor black people on theirlegal problems.When Elias was in a very di

11、fficult period of his life,he 2. went (go)toNels on Man dela for advice.Elias had very little 3.education(educate)because his family couldn afford fhe school fees and the bus fare.He hadstudied for only two years in school.The n he man aged to get a job in a gold min e.But4. without a passbook to li

12、ve in Johannesburg he was afraid to be out of work.NelsonMandela offered him help and that was one of Elias 5. happiest (happy)days.WhenMandela organized the ANC Youth League,Elias joined 6. it as soon as possible.At that time,black people almost 7. lost (lose)all their rights.They chose to attackthe laws 8. peacefully (peace).lf this was not allowed,they decided to answ