最新高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)专题训练答案及解析

1、最新高考英语阅读理解（社会文化）专题训练答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1 .阅读理解The final results of Best-Ever Teen Fiction vote are in. While it's no surprise to see Harry Potter and The Hunger Games series on top, this year's list also highlights some writers we weren't as familiar with. For example, John Green, autho

2、r of The Fault in Our Stars, appears five times in the top 100.Summer, like youth, passes quickly. But the books we read when we're young can stay with us for a lifetime. The following are the top 4 on the list. Enjoy.1. Harry Potter seriesThe Harry Potter books make up the popular series writte

3、n by J. K. Rowing. The series includes seven books. The books concern a wizard ( 魔法) called Harry Potter and his journey through Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The stories tell of him over coming dangerous obstacles to defeat the dark wizard Lord Voldemort who killed his parents when Ha

4、rry was 15 months old.2. The Hunger Games seriesIn the ruins of a future North America, a young girl is picked to leave her poor district and travel to Capitol for a battle to the death in the cruel Hunger Games. But for Katniss Everdeen, the main character in this series by Suzanne Collins, winning

5、 the Games only puts her deeper in danger as the strict social order of Panem begins to unravel ( 瓦解).3. To Kill a MockingbirdAuthor Harper Lee explores racial tensions in the fictional "tired old town" of Maycomb, Ala., through the eyes of 6-year-old Scout Finch. As her lawyer father, Att

6、icus, defends a black man accused of a crime, Scout and her friends learn about the unjust treatment of African-Americans -and their mysterious neighbor, Boo Radley.4. The fault in Our StarsHazel Grace, a teenage girl, has got all sorts of cancer inside her body, and her lungs aren't working ver

7、y well. She knows she is dying and doesn't live in hope any more. When a man named Augustus Waters suddenly appears at the Cancer Kid Support Group, Hazel's story is about to be completely rewritten.(1) What do we know about John Green?A. One of his novels tops the list.B. Many of his novels

8、 are very popular.C. He is the favorite writer of many teens.D. He was a well-known writer long before the vote.(2) Who is the author of The Hunger Games series?A. Harper Lee.B. John Green.C. J. K. Rowling.D. Suzanne Collins.(3) What is To Kill a Mockingbird mainly about?A. Lifelong friendships.B. R

9、acial discrimination.C. A man working as a lawyer.D. A little girl's difficult childhood.A. is very optimisticC. makes many mistakes(4) Hazel in The Fault in Our Stars8. writes a great storyii D. is changed by Augustus. In which part of a newspaper can we find the text probably?A. Sports.B. News

10、.C. Literature.D. Entertainment.【答案】(1) BD(3) B(4) DC【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介绍了最受青少年喜爱的四部小说。(1)细节理解题。根据第一段this year's list also highlights some writers we weren't asfamiliar with. For example, John Green, author of The Fault in Our Stars, appears five times in the top 100.可知，本年度的名单中出现了一些我们不是很熟悉的作家，比

11、如John Green,在前100里出现了五次，可知，其小说很受欢迎，故选Bo(2)细节理解题。根据第四段But for Katniss Everdeen, the main character in this series bySuzanne Collins可知，饥饿游又的作者为Suzanne Collins,故选D。(3)细节理解题。根据本部分Author Harper Lee explores racial tensions in the fictional"tired old town" of Maycomb 可知，杀死一只知更鸟，探讨种族歧视问题，故选B。(4)细

12、节理解题。根据最后一段When a man named Augustus Waters suddenly appears atthe Cancer Kid Support Group, Hazel's story is about to be completely rewritten. 可知，当 Augustus Waters出现的时候，Hazel的人生发生了改变，故选 D。(5)推理判断题题。本文主要介绍四部受青少年喜爱的小说，故与文学有关，故选Co【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。2 .阅读

13、理解While Black Friday and Cyber Monday help start the holiday shopping season, Giving Tuesday, which will be observed on November 28, attempts to inspire the season of giving. Now in its sixth year, the charitable(慈善的)day uses the power of social media to encourage organizations and individuals to do

14、nate funds or resources to worthy causes. Its mission is to bring positive change to communities through giving.Though devoting just one day to a worthy cause may not seem much, Giving Tuesday makes a surprisingly significant impact. In 2015,ORGANIZE,an online organ donor program asked people to “Gi

15、ve with your Heart ” ,by becomnrededonors. Thousands of Americans listen to the cry for help, resulting in one of the largest digital donor drives in US history.That same year, the Cleveland Library and the Pratt Library in Baltimore competed to see who could encourage more donations. While the Prat

16、t Library won with a $41,000 acquisition, the Cleveland Library was able to raise a fairly large amount for its programs as well. In 2016, the University of Michigan encouraged students and friends to donate to hourly challenges. They raised an amazing $5.5 million! The university hopes to recreate

17、the magic this year, with a virtual celebration to mark the institution's 200th anniversary.Giving Tuesday is not just a US phenomenon, but a global movement. In 2016, 98 countries participated in the event, raising $177 million, a 44% increase over 2015, when 71 nations collected $116.7 million

18、. These numbers can only increase as the day gains further recognition.Though donating funds is a great way to help, there are numerous other ways to support your local community. You can give back by volunteering at a nearby nonprofit or food bank. Social media experts can do their share by spreadi

19、ng the information and inspiring their colleagues to get involved. Another great way to celebrate Giving Tuesday is by helping those closest to you, whether that's assisting a family member with chores or helping a neighbor with yard work.(1) Why is Giving Tuesday started?A. To appeal to people

20、to perform an act of kindness.B. To promote sales of the holiday shopping season.C. To inspire the poor to have a positive view of life.D. To encourage people to donate organs for patients.(2) It can be inferred from the text thatA. people donated money actively for the two libraries in BaltimoreB.

21、the University of Michigan thought it challenging to get donationsC. Giving Tuesday hasn't been universally accepted in the world so farD. the donations to the institution were given for its 200th anniversary(3) The author tries to tell the readers _in Paragraph 5.A. why we need to volunteer in

22、our local communityB. who we will celebrate Giving Tuesday together withC. where we should donate funds to benefit other peopleD. how we can give to help those who are in great need【答案】(1) AC(3) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍Giving Tuesday并激励人们慷慨行善。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的 "WhileBlack Friday and Cyber Monday he

23、lp start the holiday shopping season, Giving Tuesday, which will be observed on November 28,attempts to inspire the season of givin g.可知，人们庆祝 Giving Tuesday的目的是激励人们慷慨行善。故选 Ao(2)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Thesenumbers can only increase as the day gainsfurther recognition.可以推断出，到目前为止在世界上庆祝Giving Tuesday还不够普遍

24、。故选Co(3)考查主旨大意。根据第五段中的")Thoughdonating funds is a great way to help, thereare numerou s other ways to support your local community. 可知，本段文章的内容主要讲述为 社会奉献有许多种方式。故选 Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅 读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3.阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。C

25、limate change is perhaps the key issue of our time. Often, however, it is presented to us as being so abstract that it seems impossibly distant. For those of you looking for something a little more concrete, a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.The

26、 report, put out by The Climate Institute, describes the effects of climate change on various coffee-growing nations and the resultant effects on the plants and those who grow them.Coffee Arabica plants, which produce 70% of all commercial coffee, can be adversely affected by even a half-degree chan

27、ge in typical weather conditions. This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.In Central America the average temperature has risen by a full degree Celsius since 1960. In Ethiopia the average temperature has increased by 1. 3 degrees. This increa

28、se is enough to have notable effects on the plants. In Tanzania the productivity per hectare of coffee has fallen by half since the 1960s due to changes in temperature.Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half. Coffee production is likel

29、y to then be pushed to higher elevations (海拔)to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas.Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in

30、 their economies. Millions of people make a living in the production, processing, transport, and sale of coffee; their livelihoods would stand to take a blow as growing areas decrease and prices rise.As the temperature keeps rising, your cup of coffee will become much more expensive, and it may also

31、 carry an aftertaste bitterer than usual, for all those workers in the coffee belt left without the means to make a living as conditions worsen. Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.(1) What does the underlined word "adversely" in Par

32、agraph 3 most probably mean?A. slightlyB. temporarilyC. harmfullyD. gradually(2) Why will people have to grow coffee in highland areas?A. To adapt to the change of temperature.“B. To increase the quality of the products.C. To reduce the cost of coffee production D. To get access to water supply more

33、 easily.(3) What conclusion can we draw from the last two paragraphs?A. The rich will get richer and the poor poorer.B. Small changes may have large effects in general.C. Developed countries ought to aid poor countries.D. Coffee trade will eventually disappear in the world.(4) How does the author fe

34、el about the future of coffee production?A. Cautious.B. Worried.C. Unconcerned.D. Hopeful.【答案】(1) CA（ 3） B（ 4） B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。到2050 年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。咖啡产业的变化会对社会造成很多影响。（ 1）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ Thissensitivity to temperature puts the plant atincreased risk of the effects of

35、climate change. 这种对温度的敏感性增加了植物受到气候变化”影响的风险。由此推断出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的产量占所有商业咖啡的70%，在典型的天气条件下，即使气温只上升了半度，也会对其产生不利影响。"adversely" 意思是有害的，故选C。（ 2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“ Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higherelevations to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to m

36、ake up for lost lowland areas. 咖啡生产很可能会被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的温度，但这将不足 ”以弥补失去的低地地区。由此推断出，人们要在高地地区种植咖啡是为了适应温度的变化，故选A。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ Coffeeis the second most traded goods bydeveloping nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies. 咖啡

37、是发展中国家的第二大贸易商品，而生产国无法出口咖 ”啡，可能会在其经济中引发巨大的连锁反应）和最后一段中的“ Not only that, but theeconomic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid. 不仅如此，其经济影响还”将使西方国家在增加对外援助方面损失数百万美元。由此推断出，这些小的变化也可能产生大的影响，故选B。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ anew report suggests that the effects of climatechange may significantl

38、y affect coffee. 一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响 ”咖啡。和第五段中的“ Indeed,studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable forgrowing coffee will be cut by half. 事实上，研究表明，到”2050 年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。由此推断出，作者对咖啡生产的未来很担忧，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选

39、出正确答案。4.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Going back to school can be an anxious time for many students. But one institution in Texas is doing its part to make sure middle schoolers are returning refreshed and inspired to learn.Through a process called the "bathroom inspiration project," t

40、eachers and administrators at Warren Middle School, spent their summer beautifying the school's restrooms by painting motivational murals （ 壁画 ） on each of the stalls （ 小隔间 ）.Forming messages like "Your mistakes don't define you" and "Scatter （ 撒播 ） kindness," the brightl

41、y colored words are exactly what a young student needs to see when having a rough day-or any school day for that matter. And now that classes are officially in session, people are already noticing a positive impact.Since posting photos of upgrades to the school in July, Principal Joshua Garcia says

42、that the alterations have aroused a great response."Students have been talking about the murals from the moment the pictures had been posted. Some even took the time to find a reason to come up to the campus to see the murals," he says. "I think what makes this small little action so

43、valuable is that it has set the tone for our campus."And not only is that important to students, parents, and fellow staff, but it is also vital for the school's new principal, who is trying to gain the trust of the community during a time in which trust is so necessary for schools."Be

44、ing new to the campus, I think the parents were able to see how much I value their children and have their best interest at heart," Garcia continues. "I have had many parents tell me how they can just feel a difference in the campus climate and how much they are enjoying seeing their child

45、ren wanting to come here. These murals have put trust back in the campus and its teachers, and by doing so we are able to build a culture in which our students want to be here and learn."(1) What has happened at Warren Middle School?A.Painting has become popular among most students.B.Some stude

46、nts have suffered great anxiety at school.C.Its toilets have been beautified with inspiring words.D.Motivational murals have been made in each classroom.(2) What does the underlined word "alterations" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.RulesB.ArgumentsC.ChangesD.Opportunities(3) What's stu

47、dents and parents' attitude toward those murals?A.NegativeB.AmbiguousC.UninterestedD.Supportive(4) What does Garcia intend to do according to the text?A.Reduce increasing anxiety.B.Build an artistic atmosphere.C.Create a trusting environment.D.Introduce a new culture to society.【答案】(1) CC(3) D(4

48、) C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，德克萨斯州的一所中学绘制卫生间文化墙，用正能 量的语言激励学生，从而获得学生和家长的一致好评。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Througha process called the ' bathroominspirationproject, ' teachers and administrators at Warren Middle School, spent their summer beautifying the school's restrooms by painting motivational murals

49、 on each of the stalls Forming messageslike ' Youmistakes don't define you' and ' Scatted ness,可知，该中学用励志语言美化了卫 生间的每一个小隔间。故选C。(2)考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"doingits part to make sure middle schoolers arereturning refreshed and inspired to learn,以及本段戈U线单词前面的Since posting photos ofupgrades to

50、the school和后面的 have aroused a great response 可推知， 该校另U具格的特色 改变引起了大家的关注。故 alterations在此意为 改变“。故选C。3 3)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Students have been talking about the murals from themoment the pictures had been posted. Some even took the time to find a reason to come up to the ca mpus to see the murals以及最后段中

51、的"I have had many parents tell me how theycan just feel a difference in the campus climate and how much they are enjoying seeing their children wanting to come here ”可推知，学生和家长对学校的这一举措持支持态度。故选D。(4)考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"itis also vital for the school's new principal, who istrying to gain the tr

52、ust of the community during a time in which trust is so necessary or schools 以及最后一段中Garcia 所说的“These murals have put trust back in the campus 可推知：校长Garcia希望创建一个家长对学校充满信任的大环境。故选 C【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅 读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选 出正确答案。5.阅读理解Nobel prize winners sometimes

53、display as much uniqueness when deciding how to spend their prize money as they did on the work that won them the award in the first place.When Sir Paul Nurse won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2001, he decided to upgrade his motorbike. A fellow winner in 1993, Richard Roberts, installed a croquet

54、lawn in front of his house. Austrian author Elfriede Jelinek, who won in 2004, said the prize meant "financial independence."Lars Heikensten, executive director of the Nobel Foundation, said there were no obvious shopping trends among winners."I think it depends a lot on which country

55、 they come from, their personal finances. what kind of incomes they have when they get the prize," he said.Real estate, however, is a popular option, at least among those willing to reveal what they spend the money on. Phillip Sharp, the American co-winner of the 1993 medicine prize, decided to

56、 splash out on a 100-year-old Federal style house. "I took that money and bought a little bit bigger house. It's a beautiful old place," he told AFP( 法新社),adding that "The money is a nice part of the process", but "the important thing about the prize is the recognition.&

57、quot;For winners of the peace prize the decision is often more clear-cut, as the honor tends to go to politicians, organizations and activists who are under more public supervision. Many, like US President Barack Obama in 2009 and the European Union in 2012, donate to charities.Literature winners te

58、nd to be more private about how they use the money, but the choice is often equally straightforward. "Even if Nobel-winning authors are quite well known, many of them will not have made much money from writing," said Anna Gunder, a Nobel literature expert at Uppsala University. While the p

59、rize might keep the wolf from the door for some years, giving them freedom to write, it can also briefly have the opposite effect. "It really changes their careers During the first year after they've won they often write less, but they generally continue after a year or two," said Gunder.11) From the passage, we learn that.A. The money is actually the best part of the Nobel PrizeB. Nobel winners have great originality in using prize moneyC. Few winners would spend their