【良心出品】Unit10TheNewImmorality练习答案

1、Unit 10The New ImmoralityConsolidation ActivitiesI. Text Comprehension1. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose.A. To condemn the absurdity of a paradox.B. To argue that humanity is a matter of the private morality, a sense of purely personalhonor, honesty, and integrity.

2、C. To reveal the academic corruption on university campus in the USA.D. To review the data of a questionnaire distributed to some undergraduates.Key: B 2. Judge, according to the text, whether the followingstatements are trueor false.1). Too many scandals violently strike the world of popular entert

3、ainment, and also theacademic world. T 2). The bureaucrat and disk jockey think their decisions are still just despite the fact thatthey accept presents. T 3). The author absolutely blames sociology for the paradox, for it has tended tolayexclusive stress upon social morality, and tended too often t

4、o define good and evilasmerely the "socially useful". F 4). What social morality and social conscience advocate is the so-called "socially desirableconduct", but what they should be concerned with most is the significant conceptofman's honor self-esteem and self-dignity. T 5)

5、. That "playing the game" as the gentleman was supposed to play it was a soundargument among early twentieth-century reformers. T 6). A good society is composed of men with honor. T 7). The author thinks that as man of the future will lose many of the virtues that he stillhas now, humanity

6、 will finally collapse. F II. Writing StrategiesThis text is a piece of argumentative writing. With facts as well as opinions, the writer notonly expresses what he thinks but also tries to persuade the reader to share his opinionand quite possibly to do something about the status quo. Clearly, vario

7、us writing strategies are employed in the text. First of all, typical examples are supplied to exhibit a paradox of our age, thus presenting the problem or argument. Secondly, some questions are raised in places so as to draw the readers' attention to some important ideas. Thirdly, comparisons a

8、nd contrasts are frequently used to highlight some major points.Fourthly, the writer analyses the psychological support underlying mentality of the new immorality and destroys the defenses given by the dishonest in a step-by-step, in-depth manner. Finally, the writer defines the most important quali

9、ties an honest and useful man should possess, no matter how demoralized the world may become. The style of the writing is formal, and the tone is critical.The following two questions are to be answered: (1) Which sentences in the text involve a comparison?The following sentences obviously involve a

10、comparison:1) "Yet most of these five, like most of the college cheaters, would probably profess astrong social consciousness."2) "Is there really any evidence that personal dishonesty is more prevalent than italways was?"3) "Perhaps these things are not actually more preval

11、ent."4) "It is my conviction that though men may be no more wicked than they alwayshave been, they seem less likely to be ashamed."5) "Even so, I still insist that for the individual himself nothing is more importantthan this personal, interior sense of right and wrong and his de

12、termination to followthat rather than to be guided by what everybody does or merely the criterion of'social usefulness'.(2) Which sentences in the text display a contrast or a paradox?The following sentences clearly show a contrast or a paradox:1) "They may cheat, but they vote for fore

13、ign aid and for enlightened social measures."2) " our seem in gly great growth in social morality has oddly eno ugh take n p lace in aworld where private moralitya sense of the supreme importance of purelypersonal honor, honesty, and integrity - seems to be declining."3) "Benefic

14、ent and benevolent social institutions are administered by men who alltoo frequently turn out to be accepting 'gifts'."4) "The world of popular entertainment is rocked by scandal."5) "College students, put on their honor, cheat on examination."6) "I have never b

15、een surprised to find men wicked, but I have often been surprisedto find them not ashamed."7) "And persona, as oppo sed to social dece ncy, does n't count for much."8) "Sociology has ten ded to lay exclusive stress upon social morality, and ten ded tooofte n to defi ne good a

16、nd evil as merely the 'socially useful' or its reverse."9) "What social morality and social conscieneeleave out is the narrower but verysignificantconcept of honor - as opposed to'socially desirable con duct'."what is sometimes called merely10) "It is impossible f

17、or me to imagine a good hon or."society composed of men without11) "Eve n coop erati on, to give this thing its most favorable desig nati on, is no moreimp orta nt tha n the ability to sta nd alone whe n the choice must be made betwee n thesacrifice of on e's own in tegrity and adjustm

18、e nt to or p artic ip ati on in group activity."12)" if one person alone asserts his in dividual and inner right to believe in and beloyal to what his fellow men seem to have give n up, the n at least he will still rema inwhat is p erha ps the most imp orta nt part of huma nity."III.

19、Lan guage Work1. Explain the un derl ined part in each sentence in your own words.1).but thevote for foreign aid and for enlightened social measures.formally exp ress their p refere nee for2). College stude nts, p ut on their honor, cheat on exam in atio n.trusted to kee p their word3). If everybody

20、 does it, it must be right.one is justified to do it4). And persona, as oppo sed to social dece ncy, does n't count for muchin con trast with; matter very much5). What social morality and social conscienee leave out is the narrower but verysig ni fica nt concept of honor.does not in clude as a p

21、art of it6). Suppose that no one exce pt the in dividual suffers from the fact that he sees nothingwrong in doing what everybody else does?regards as totally acce ptable7). If that is so, then they have a wrong notion of what the real, the ultimate, security is.cannot un dersta nd2. Fill in each bla

22、nk with one of the two words from each pair in theirapprop riate forms and note the differe nee of meaning betwee n fessdeclareProfess often means to claim that one does or has something, but in fact they do not,while declare is to say that someth ing is true in a firm and deliberate way.1)

23、. Nobody, at this time of ec ono mic dep ressi on, could afford to pro fess that theywerenot in terested in the job.2). The armed forces pro fessed to be un able to stop the viole nee, while in reality, were helping set the terror in moti on.they3) . They ceremonio usiy cut a p iece of ribb on, decl

24、aring the exhibit on open.4) . It was difficult to quantify an exact figure as firms were reluctant to declaretheirlosses.wickedevilWicked and evil are often interchangeable in that both mean morally bad or sinful,though evil sounds much stronger. In an abstract sense, evil is the polar opposite ofg

25、ood and can suggest utter and in sidious malevole nee, or in flue nee by the devil. Wicked can ofte n be used in a humorous, ton gue-i n-cheek, or even admiri ng way.1) . With her wicked sense of humour, she man aged to en ter the world of popular en terta inment.2) . The eter nal struggle betwee n

26、good and evil forces is the basis for morality refin eme nt.Evil sp irits who looked like huma ns and p ossessed supern atural po wers used to be very popu lar in this part of the coun try.3) . The tennis player's wicked serve did not give his opponent any chanee.contentconten tedBoth words refe

27、r to the app easeme nt of n eed or desire. Conten ted refers to the fulfilli ng of requireme nts to the point of satiati on, while content almost exclusively app ears as a p redicate adjective and suggests not the full or compi ete fill ing of n eeds or desire, but the willi ngn ess to acce pt a mod

28、est or reas on able amount.1) . Seeing her coming, his face was beam ing with con ten ted smiles.2) . The media is no Ion ger content "to kee p the boss happ y", but it is assu ming a new role of finding faults with the boss.3). It was a serene countryside, with all the contented cows and

29、sheep grazing on the slope.4) . The families of disa pp eared prisoners are not con tent with a mere search for the truth,and in sist that the army officials be brought to trial.en lighte nacqua intAcquaint and enlighten both mean to impartknowledge of a wide scope, with theformer being to make some

30、 one familiar withfacts or a situation of some compiexity,and the latter, as its root suggests, meaning to bring in formati on to light, usually abouta p articular point or situati on and carry ing an eleme nt of dis pelli ng ignorance.1). The ill-informed will find their curiosity aroused and their

31、 ignorancepartly en lighte ned.2) . For the first few weeks, I man aged to acquaint myself with the details of the new po st.with the British3) . The study of ancient Greece, the source of enlightened culture, was once seen as the basis of a sound moral and aesthetic un dersta nding.4) . He was as w

32、ell acquainted with exile and imprisonment as he wasMuseum3. Fill in the bla nk in each sentence with a word or p hrase take n from thebox, using its approp riate form.p rovostdistributerep rehe nsibleconsentp rofessen lighte nben efice ntadm ini ster bureaucratconviction sca ndalmores1) . The new e

33、cono mic plan seeks to achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth.2) . A number of enlightened Iandowners have recently set an example by making land available at less tha n no rmal market value.3) . The consensus amongst the world's scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over th

34、e n ext few decades.4) . It is useless trying to convince her that she does n't n eed to lose any weight.5) . A great number of industrieshave to sack managers to reduce their huge adm ini strative costs.6) . Sadly, the main beneficiaries of pe nsion equality so far have bee n men, n ot wome n.7

35、) . He professed a viole nt distaste for everyth ing related to commerce, p roducti on, and money.8) . To make a sound di plomat is to first believe that bureaucratic delays are in evitable.4. Make a sentence of your own for each of the give n words with meanings other tha n those used in the text.

36、You may cha nge the part of sp eech of these words.1) . rockOur film in dustry is on the rocks.2) . stressShe could think clearly whe n not un der stress.3) . p ermitIt is illegal for a foreig n stude nt with a J-1 visa to work, p art-time or full-time, without a work p ermit.4) . soundHe was lying

37、in bed, sound aslee p.5) . odd"How long have you lived here?" "Twe nty odd years."6) . exclusiveThe con test was criticized for being too exclusive and uncomp etitive.5. Transform the following sentences, using verbless clauses wherever po ssible.1). The man could hardly walk, as

38、 he was stiff in every joint.Stiff in every joi nt, the man could hardly walk.2). The soldiers were exhausted whe n they crawled into their slee ping bags.Exhausted, the soldiers crawled into their slee ping bags.3) . The rescue party brought the man dow n to the base camp: he was half-dead with the

39、 cold.Half dead with the cold, the man was brought dow n to the base camp by the rescue p arty.4). Michael's father hurried to his room and woke him up because he was angry with him for overslee ping.Angry with him for overslee ping, Michael's father hurried to his room and woke him up.5) .

40、Although he was a mathematicia n by training, he became a famous lin guist.Although / Though a mathematicia n by training, he became a famous lin guist.6) . Our company will stick to our p olicy, whatever your object ions may be.Our company will stick to our p olicy, whatever your objecti ons.7) . S

41、tella's friend did not n eed to work hard for the diploma since he was the heir to a fortune.The heir to a fortune, Stella's friend did n ot n eed to work hard for the di ploma.8) . Though he was an even-temp ered man, Richard n evertheless became extremely angry whe n he heard what Bob had

42、said.An even-temperedman, Richard nevertheless became extremely angry when heheard what Bob had said.9) . Being a no torious burglar, Ted found it easy to force open the locked door.A no torious burglar, Ted found it easy to force open the locked door.10) . He sat beside Diana, feeli ng the warmth o

43、f the sun aga inst his face, and as a result he was able to relax for the first time in days.He sat beside Diana, feeli ng the warmth of the sun aga inst his face, able to relaxfor the first time in days.Note: In a verbless clause, not only the verb, either fin ite or non-fin ite, but the subject as

44、well, is usually abse nt. It, therefore, takes the elli psis of clause eleme nts one stage furthertha n the non-fin ite clause. The omitted fin ite verb can gen erally be assumed to be a formof the verb be, and the subject, when omitted, can be treated as recoverable from thecon text.On occasi on, a

45、 verbless clause can also be treated as a reduct ionof a non-fin iteclause. A verbless clause can gen erally be a noun p hrase or an adjective p hrase, or,sometimes, such a p hrase p receded by a subord in ate conj un cti on.6. Put a word in each bla nk that is approp riate for the con text.Remorsel

46、ess drinking has long bee n as much as a ritual of uni versity life in the U.S.as football, final exams and fraternity parties. (1) Almost every college graduate can spinat least a (2) few tales about a boisterous night of carousing that culminated in sluggingshots of tequila at sun rise or toss ing

47、 drained kegs into the p reside nt's po ol. Even ThomasJeffers on had to contend with a group of drunken rowdies who caused a n ear riot at theschool that he (3) founded in 1819, the Uni versity of Virgi nia. Ever si nee the n, p eriodicalefforts to crack down on (4) excessive alcohol consumptio

48、n among young scholars havebee n largely futile.Enforcing strict rules on university turf seems to push the parties (5) off campus.Raisi ng the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 in the 1980s merely triggered a boom in the(6) busin ess of creat ing fake ide ntificati on cards.It is not clear in the st

49、udy (7) whether America n stude nts are drinking more tha n in thepast. In fact, some schools claim to be seeing slight declines in overallalcoholconsump ti on. But the findings suggest that among the many stude nts who like to binge,there is a more rele ntless, des perate (8) quality to the pu rsui

50、t of in toxicati on.Thedrinkers also seem more blas ethan (9) ever about the consequences. "Look,this isno thi ng," a 20-year-oldUni versityof New Hamp shirestude nt tells a rep orteras shedow ns her fourth beer at a mid-week p arty. "We did the same thing last ni ght and tur nedout f

51、or exams. We can (10) han die it."IV. Tran slati on1. Tran slati ng Sentences1).没有必要装出一副受到伤害的表情There's no n eed to put on that injured exp ressi on是你理亏。(put on)you're in the wrong.2).我一直认为快乐和知足比金钱和名望更重要。(cou nt)rve always believed that pl easure and self-c onten ted ness count more tha

52、n money and fame.3). 压力很容易使人作出错误的决定。(lead sb. to do sth. )Being under pressure can easily lead people to make the wrong decisions.(content)4) . 精英一族似乎满足于只在他们那个小圈子里打交道。The elite seem content to socialize with the small circle of their own.5). 学生在英语学习中必须强调培养交际能力。(lay stress upon)Stress should be laid

53、upon the training of students' communicative competence in their English studies.(acknowledge)6) . 董事会对公司在最困难的时刻收到的来自各方的经济援助表示谢意。The board of directors acknowledged the financial assistance received from all sources at the compan y's most difficult time.7). 反对党抗议那是由执政党操纵的舞弊选举。(rigged)Opposit

54、ion parties protested that it wasa rigged election manipulated by the rulingparty.8). 他几十年前作的许多预测现在都被印证了。(turn out )Many of his predictions made decades ago have turned out to be true now.Translate the following into English.美国人无论在生理上还是在精神上永远处在矛盾混乱的状态。2. Translating Passage美国人相当友善好客， 乐于接待客人和陌生人， 然而

55、人们只会围作一圈， 冷漠旁观。 我们不惜巨资把困在 但当一个女孩在大街上尖声呼救时， 回应的只有砰然我们拼命工作， 许多人劳 累而死， 然后作为补偿， 我们玩命娱乐， 形同自杀。 我们既自强自立， 同时又完全依赖他人。 我们咄咄逼人，却又毫无防卫能力。我们溺爱孩子，但并不喜欢他们；反过来，孩子过分依 赖父母，却又对父母满腔怨愤。 我们为自己的财产、住房和教育而沾沾自喜，然而没有一个 男人或女人不希望下一代生活得更好。当一个人奄奄一息地躺在人行道上时， 树上的猫或掉进下水道的狗拯救出来， 关闭的门窗和人们无声的寂静。参考译文Americans seem to be in a state of t

56、urmoil, both physically and mentally. We work too hard, and many die under the strain; and then to make up for that we play violently like committing suicide. We are self-reliant and at the same time completely dependent.We are aggressive, and defenseless. We overindulge our children and do not like

57、 them;the children in turn are overly dependent and full of hate for their parents. We are complacent in our possessions, in our house, in our education, but it is hard to find a manor woman who does not want something better for the next generation. Americans areremarkably kind and hospitable and open with both guests and strangers, and yet theywill make a wide circle around the man dying on the pavement. Fortunes are spentgetting cats out of trees and dogs out of sewer pipes, but a girl screaming for help in the