宝山区2018高三二模(答案)

1、word 资料宝山区 2017 学年第二学期期末高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷n. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecohere nt and grammatically correct. For the bla nks with a give n word, fill in each bla nk with the properform of the give n word; for the oth

2、er bla nks, use one word that best fits each bla nk.How Much of the Jetsons World Has Become a Reality?For most of our readers,The Jetsons may be an unfamiliarname. However, for manyAmerican born in or before the 1980s, it is a name we fondly remember. The Jetsons was a popularcartoon that featured

3、a family livi ng in an adva need world_21_people settle in houses built in the sky, work only three days a week and drive flying cars that resembleflyi ng saucers. While sky-high houses and three-day workweeks don appear to be on the horiz on,other visi ons of the future_ 22_ （ turn ）into practical

4、realities.Flying cars have bee n on the minds of scie ntists and inven tors for decades. They are part of a typicalimagi ng of the future fast-paced and luxurious,_23_（allow ）us to speed through the skies. As_ 24_ （ see） inThe Skys No Ion gerthe Limit, this flight of fancy may soon be a reality in D

5、ubai. Aiming_ 25_（become）the world s most advaneed city, Dubai is currently testing the first-ever flying taxi._ 26_ money still_ exists in its current cash-based form in The Jetsons, people today are looking toward a world where even cash is out-of-date. Bitco in is a type of digital money that has

6、 take n theworld by storm. Since its in troduct ion, the mon eys price27（ in crease ） to rates as high asUS$ 19,000. This, however,may not predictwell for the future of digital currency, as experts warn that Bitcoinis a bubble and_ 28_crash soon. Its possible that some dreams of the futuremay still

7、be_ 29_ our reach.Other more probable tech no logies already exist, for example, future flying eyehospitals inA Hospital with Wings, unu sual-e ngin eered foldi ng paper inCleverFoldingand the population of endangered corals （珊瑚）inLab-Bred Coral to the Rescue, etc. Allthese show_ 30_ humans are alre

8、ady capable of. So, what else could thefuture have in store for us?Section BDirections : After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Eachword can be used only once. Note that there is one morewordthan you n eed.A. adapted B. harder C. alter natives D. fea

9、tures E. cooperati on F.questio nsG. accuracy H. captured I. regardless J. opposite K. an alyz ingword 资料Computer reads brain activity to find out the music each pers on is liste ning toInthe experiment, six volunteersheard 40 pieces of classical music, rock, pop,jazz, and others. The Neural (神经的) f

10、ingerprint of each song on participants brain was31bythe Magnetic Resonance (MR machine while a computer was learningto ide ntify the brain patter ns draw n out by each musical piece. Musical_32_such as tone, volume, rhythm and beat were take n in acco unt by the computer.After that, researchers exp

11、ected that the computer would be able to do the_33_way: ide ntify which song participa nts were liste ning to, based on theirbrain activity tech nique known as brain decodi ng. When faced two opti ons, the computer showedup to 85%_ 34_in identifying the correct song, which is a greatperforma nee, co

12、mpari ng to previous studies.Researchers then pushed the test even_ 35_by providing not two but 10 options(e.g. one correct and nine wrong) to the computer. In this situation,the computercorrectly identified the song in 74% of the decisions.In the future, studies on brain decoding and machine learni

13、ngwill createpossibilities of com muni cati on_36_any kind of writte n or spoke n Ian guage.“ Machines will be able to translate our musical thoughts into songs, ” says Sebastian Hoefle,researcher from D Or In stitute and PhD stude nt from Federal Uni versity of Rio de Jan eiro, Brazil. Thestudy is

14、a result of a_ 37_betwee n Brazilia nresearchers and colleagues from Germa ny, Finland and In dia.Accord ing to Hoefle, brain decodi ng researches provide_38_to un dersta ndn eural functioning and in teract with it using artificialin tellige nee.In the future,he experts to find answers for _39_like

15、“ what musical characteristicsmake somepeople love a song while others dont? Is our brain_ 40_to prefer a specifickind of music? ”川.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections : For each blank in the followingpassages there are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each bla nk with the wo

16、rd or phrase that best fits the con text.Havi ng a clear picture in mi nd of what their future will look like can motivatestude nts to keep going despite thechalle nges of college life. This_ 41_seemsto be particularly effective for female students from relatively low socioeconomic status (SESbackgr

17、ounds says Mesmin Destin of Northwestern University in the US.College is a time of great opport unity for some, but can be_42_for others.It is often the first time that many students are away from the regular and familiar support of their familyand friends.Weak students from lower SESbackgrounds oft

18、enencounter greater financial and psychological challenges than others, and this can lead to43andeven withdrawal from difficultsituations,such as whenin teracti ng with their lecturers or tak ing tests and exams.Desti n and his colleagues wan ted to un dersta nd if stude nts _44_ to academicchalleng

19、es improve when they look forward to the future. This idea is built aroundword 资料the theory of ide ntity-based motivati on .It holds that people can take positiveaction during times of unfavorable conditionswhen they _45_ a successful futurefor themselves.“ The theory of identity-based motivation pr

20、oposes that stimulating a focus ona successful futureidentitymay be especially _ 46_ in motivatingstudents whoare weak during challengingacademic situations to develop a sense of actionreadiness, explains Destin. This involves feeling ready and able to take appropriate actio n whe n_47_ difficulty.I

21、n two almost identicallaboratoryexperiments one involving93 female students,the other 185 students(including101 women - participantswere first asked eitherto write about their past or their future_48_ . After their deep thoughts,theparticipa ntswere filmed duri ng an limitedin terview with a so-call

22、edlecturer, andthen had to_ 49_ a difficult academic test. The research team no ted whetherparticipa nts body Ian guage was bold and con fide nt,and measured the amount of effortparticipa nts _ 50_the academic test.The results were in agreeme nt with the theory of ide ntity-based motivati on.Dest in

23、 and his team found that hav ing a successful future ide ntity can preve ntespecially female studentsfrom lower SES backgrounds from _ 51_ duringchalle nging academic situati ons. Specially, lower SES wome n who wrote about theirfuture identities displayed greater action _ 52_ compared to those who

24、considered theirpast. They showed more con fide nt body Ian guage. It helped them to make moreeffort to tackle the test, and had an in direct effect on their_53_.“ Simulating imagined successful future identitiesappears to provide a 54pathway to enable weak students to effectively navigate everyday

25、stressors, saysDest in. “ The findings_55_ suggest that certa in stude nts may ben efit fromstrategies that remi nd them to image their successful futures before any difficult and importa nt task thatthey might otherwise be likely to avoid.41. A. in structi onB. strategyC. challe ngeD.psychology42.

26、A. disgracefulB. shamefulC. harmfulD.stressful43. A. hesitationB. inten ti onC. depressi onDdecisi on44. A. willi ngn essB. optio nsC. responsesD.applicati ons45. A. destroyB. imagi neC.abandonD.substitute46. A. powerfulB. uprightC. uniqueD.ambitious47. A. avoidi ngB. overco mingC. surre nderi ngD.e

27、ncoun teri ng48. A. experie neeB. sufferi ngC. successD.failure49. A. designB. completeC. comme ntD. reviseword 资料50. A. put awayB. put onC. put outD. putinto51. A. withdraw ingB. tran sform ingC. adva ncingD.engagi ng52. A. qua ntityB. dull nessC. read in essD.in ability53. A. fasci nati onB. ig no

28、ranceC. dilemmaD.performa nce54. A. tolerableB. pote ntialC. straightD.academic55. A. thereforeB. howeverC. otherwiseD.mea nwhileSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinishedstatements.For each of them there are four choices markedA

29、, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information givenin the passage you have just read.(A)I believe in gett ing lost. Lost in the text of the novel that is particular toyour thoughts and feeli ngs that you con sider special. The song that reminds you ofyour childhood summer

30、s, where you close your eyes and lose yourself reliving a memory; feeli ng thewarm wind brush ing aga inst your arm, the smell of the dusty sand that you stir up as you ride yourbicycle, murmuring the tune of that song. Like the un prepared Sun day Drive, with no dest in ati on.Youre free to wan der

31、, take paths that youve never noticed,discover places you havent been.Then falling off on the pathto lead you back home, leavi ng you to test direct ions and alertly absorb yoursurro undings in order to find your way back; that kind of lost.I get lost daily, whether it s in thought, or the unplanned

32、 drive I just decided to go on. Getting lost is anadventurous learning experience that trains you how to be more aware of your surro undin gs. A few ofmy most favorite memories in volve physicallygetting lost. That one late night trip back to Ludingtonfrom Grand RapidsI took with a few frien ds. We

33、fin ally realized we were going the wrong way whe n we hit South Haven,almost three hours out of our way. There was also the time whereI got lost i n the De Vos Place in Grand Rapids after the Preside nts Ball and the nthe parking garage for a solid two hours. I felt like my life was that one sceneo

34、f an American television situation comedy, minus the air conditioner.At the time,these are n ervous experie nces that get your an xiety pump ing. Youre fearful thatyou won tbe safe, but it always works itself out in the end. Physically losing yourself prepares you forhow you man age whe n you emoti

35、on ally or men tally lose yourself.You don always have to be lost in a literal sense to“get lost ” and some ofthe time, losing yourself may not be a positive experienee. There are times where I lose sight of who Iword 资料am. While lost, I test our metaphorical paths and sometimes they turn out to be

36、the right direetion andother times they were a wrong turn. I make note of these wrong turns, so I can avoid them further on upthe road of finding my way back to who I am.In Walde n, Henry David Thoreau wrote“ Not till we are lost, in other words nottill we have lost the world, do we begin to find ou

37、rselves, and realize where we are and the infinite extentof our relations. ” Getting lost fuels my curiosity andteaches me lessons on finding my way back to the right track. I believe in getting lost through daydreams, a misplacement,adventures, and difficult times where youmake discoveries about yo

38、urself and the atmosphere around you. In order to truly find yourself, I believethat you should put down the map and get wonderfullylost.56. In the first paragraph, the author mainly expresses that_.A. lost in a novel is a special feeli ngB. songs remind us of pastexperie ncesC. wan deri ng is a won

39、 derful discoveryD.gett inglost brings usben efits57. The author men tio ns the experie nces of physically gett ing lost(in paragraph2) in order to say_ .A. physically gett ing lost is most difficult to deal withB. we can enjoy trips while physically getting lostC. people are easy to get physically

40、lost in our daily lifeD. we realize our surro undings while physically gett ing lost58. Words from Henry David Thoreau (in the last paragraph ) imply that getting lostA. en ables us to look with in and to see outwardB. pulls people back into the previous mome ntC. en ables us to remind ourselves of

41、adve nturesD. helps us enjoy ourselves wherever we are59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. I Once Was LostB. Won derfully LostC. Physically Getti ng LostD. Men tally Getti ng Lost(B)Two in three America ns shower once a day or more, accord ing to a YouGov poll.Here wh

42、y you might be better off showering less frequently(and here are otherways you might be showeri ng wrong )odMessedSZJ_L9s-seqA-rop ro co6u_eM0llsluo4o6csnoAslu=ug.0ss-6u 匸MollsLI6nonoAcopeiuslo匸-n4lu09oqpueoiuQM0lls01Mollco養C8noA。p.8ss-6u匸Mollsi|七mAbmp06A-qeqodC8noAsuoseorenoqeA-uroEMessed-OIIM srol

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44、兌电 W 直丄E巴星專吉占pword 资料A. the best time of day to showerB. the proper temperature for yourshowerC. the other ways you shower wrongD. the other ways to cut yourwater bill62. Which of the follow ing isNot a reas on why you should shower less?A. Showering gets rid of good bacteria.B. You re absolutely as

45、 dirty as you think.C. Towel drying causes damage to your skin.D. You only really n eed to wash your smelly parts.(C)Social norms of right and wrong are vital to a well-functioningsociety. However,such moral standards are changeable and the psychologicalmechanisms (机制) drivingthis change are unknown

46、. Now, researchers at Karolinska Institutet report that our view of selfish andun selfish behaviors cha nges depe nding on how com mon they are.The results are based on a comb in ati on of behavioral experime nts, mathematical models andcomputer simulations.In the experiments,the participantsfirst o

47、bservedother people s behavior in a so-called “public goods game,” in which players receive a sum ofmoney and the n choose either to in vest it to vary ing degrees so that it ben efits every one in the group,or to keep it for themselves. After every round, the participants were asked to judge the di

48、fferentchoices as morally right or wrong, and whether the choices ought to be puni shed with a reduct ion inhow much the players gain ed.Un selfish behavior was con sidered more morally right tha n selfish, but both behaviors were judgedto be more moral and less deservi ng of puni shme nt if the maj

49、ority exhibited them tha n if they were uncom mon. The com monn ess of the selfish behavior also affected the participa nts willi ngn essto themselves pay to punishselfish ness.“ Tolera nce of selfish behavior in creased whe n the majority of the players kept the money forthemselves, which surprised

50、 me, ” says principalinvestigatorAndreasOlss on,senior lecturer at Karoli nskaIn stitutets Departme ntof Cli ni calNeuroscie nce.“ The fact that a behavior is com mon does nautomatically mean thatit s right -this idea is based on faulty logic that con fuses facts with moral values.The study shows ou

51、r view of what is morally right and wrong has strong similarities with socialcomformity, in that we tend to adapt ourselves to the people around us and how they behave. Thismeans that cha nges inour social environment can quicklyalter our moral compass.“ This is interestingfrom several angles, and c

52、ould explain why moral attitudeschange over time, such as those towards public goods or legality,” says BjornLin dstrom, postdoc at Uni versity of Zurich and Karoli nska In stitutets Departme ntof Cli ni cal Neuroscie nce.63.According to Andreas Olssons analysis, if people accept selfish behavior, t

53、heyactually_.word 资料A. get facts and moral values mixed upB.misun dersta ndsocialmecha ni smsC. follow the logic of their ownD. con sider it correct andreas on able64. It can be concluded that the participants in the experiments are punished ifA. they can play “ public goods game ”B. in vest the mon

54、ey to ben efit group membersC. they behave differe ntly from the majorityD. they keep the money for themselves65. Accord ing to the passage, what is morally right or wrong is shaped by thefollowingExcept _ .A. the way people around us behaveB. cha nges in our socialen vir onmentC. pers onal sta ndar

55、ds of values and attitudesD. how widespread aparticular behavior is66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The psychological mecha ni sms beh ind attitude cha ngeB. Behavior is con sidered more moral the more com mon it isC. Our view of selfish and unselfish behaviorsD.

56、Moral sta ndards of selfish and un selfish behaviorsSection CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each senten ces canonly be used on ce. Note that there are two sentences more tha n you need.A. They thus focused on two eleme nts that are typical for con temp

57、orary work en vir onmen ts.B. The researchers used on li ne questi onn aires to obta in data.C. The no tio n thatobta ining exter nal feedback about ones idea is esse ntial forin creas ing creativity is deeply rooted in society.D. The most important in that: when an organization stimulates feedback

58、seeking,it n eeds to en sure that this work en viro nment is excelle nt eno ugh to use theben efits of feedback.E. The questi on, however, is whether these ben eficial effects always occur.F. The creative achieveme nts were assessed by their direct man agers.Seek ing feedback not always sufficie nt

59、for stimulat ing creativityIt is widely believed that seek ing feedback from colleagues, man agers, friends and family enhancesemployees creativity. But is this always the case? No, a positive effect depends on the work,environment. This is the conclusion of newjoint research study led by UvA work a

60、nd orga ni zatio nalpsychologist Roy Sijbom._67_ For example, man agers are en couraged to en gage customers in order tocon firm whether their bus in ess model is workable and scholars atte nd conferencesto obtainfeedback on their research results. A definite assumption is thatword 资料individuals who have obtai