专题二　七选五阅读 2021届高考英语二轮总复习课件

1、模块一专题二七选五阅读 英 语2021阅读理解与七选五阅读 内容索引考情透析 谋对策题型指导 寻技法真题演练 明趋势考情透析 谋对策明晰体裁与题材特点,缩小刷题数量 试卷体裁题材文章长度命题特点2020全国说明文自我接受的小技巧2251.以说明文为主,文章结构清晰,内容完整,适合考查段落标题、主题句和过渡句等。2.篇章结构:提出问题解决问题。3.词数300左右。正文词数200左右,选项词数100左右。4.体现正能量。体现人文关怀,突出生活体验,能够非常好地帮助考生建立正确的世界观和价值观。全国说明文工作中交流运用表情符号的好处201全国说明文乔迁聚会的定义、习俗及来源235新高考全国说明文如何

2、成为一名优秀的演讲者2162019全国说明文新鲜空气有益健康237全国说明文如何保持动力来实现自己的目标244全国说明文网络课上与教授互动交流的注意事项1992018全国说明文颜色在家庭设计中的作用249全国说明文晨练的好处211全国说明文跳舞的力量与价值186透析题型设置,采用高效答题技巧 试卷挖空位置题型设置2020全国段首1题;段中3题;段尾1题1.挖空位置主要在段首或者段中,也有在段尾的情况。2.挖空内容以考查上下文逻辑关系为主,考查段落主题句为辅。间或考查段尾的结论概括性语句。3.七个选项意义都与文章内容相关。全国段首1题;段中4题全国段首1题;段中3题;段尾1题新高考全国段首1题;

3、段中3题;段尾1题2019全国段首2题;段中2题;段尾1题全国段首1题;段中4题全国段首1题;段中3题;段尾1题2018全国段首2题;段中2题;段尾1题全国段首2题;段中2题;段尾1题全国段首2题;段中2题;段尾1题高考评价体系下的备考启示实现满分小目标,方向方法都重要专项训练精、准、巧。七选五阅读主要考查对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文的逻辑意义的理解。分析文章结构是很多考生的弱项,因此要对这种理清文章脉络的能力进行强化训练。加强归纳段落标题、归纳段落主题句、寻找过渡句、寻找上下文联系等的专项训练,以此来规范做题思路,形成好的阅读习惯。强化说明文的结构分析。说明文常就某一个问题从不同的角度来

4、加以说明,文章可以用来说明某一个存在的社会现象或者我们生活中所面临的某个具体难题。作者会选择一个合适的角度,有条不紊地对其加以说明。分析文章结构就是弄清楚文章内容和结构上的关系和布局,理解文章段落之间的关系、段落内的关系、句子与句子之间的关系,从而从结构上和内容上分辨选项信息属于文章的哪一段,或者哪一段的哪一部分。这样就能比较准确地确定选项的位置。题型指导 寻技法命题方式七选五阅读考查考生的阅读理解能力、语篇分析能力、上下文逻辑关系判断能力。文章的篇章结构通常分为两个层次:一是段落之间的层次;二是段落内部的层次。命题人会根据这些层次以及要点词句进行设题,包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文

5、章中带转折词的句子等。全文设置5个空白,空缺的是一句话,以此来打断文章的整个结构和逻辑,要求考生在短时间内掌握文章要点和逻辑思路,利用相应的策略来找到适当的选项回填入文。一、挖空位置在段首1.往往考查段落主题句。通常情况下段落的中心都会出现在本段的开头部分。这对考生把握本段和理解全文有指导性意义。考生可以根据段落一致性原则,推断出该段的主题句。2.可能是承上启下句。在段首挖空的内容也可能是承上启下的句子,这就需要瞻前顾后,既要根据上段结尾的内容,又要结合下一段的内容,分析所选内容是否能将两段内容连贯起来。二、挖空位置在段尾段尾挖空内容通常是结论、概括性语句。选项中会设置表示结果、结论、总结等的

6、关联词。三、挖空位置在段中挖空位置如果在段中,往往考查上下文的逻辑关系,则所填句子的含义应与前句、后句保持一致。此处往往有体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词。技巧点拨一、上下文语境分析法段落中挖空的句子通常在语境和逻辑关系方面和上下文有密切的关系,所以确定正确选项的方法是所选的选项应该在语境方面和逻辑关系方面与原文中的上下文无缝衔接,无论在文意上,还是说话者的语气上都应保持一致。【典例印证】Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you,where the atmosphere of the garden appeared t

7、o total more than the sum(总和) of its parts?36.But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.F.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden,too解题思路F此

8、句为过渡句,承上启下。上文问句的大意是:你是否曾经拜访过一个似乎为你准备的花园,花园的整体气氛非常和谐饱满。再根据下文的“But it doesnt happen by accident.”可知,此处要表示自己也能创造出这种效果。故F项符合上下文语境。二、词汇复现法复现不是指词语的简单再现,而是指某个词语可能以不同的词类、词性、数、格、时态及语态等形式出现,如read,reading,reader。有时也会以同义词或反义词的形式出现。【典例印证】First,understand that some opportunities(机会)for daydreaming are better than

9、 others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.38 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming,try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple,like taking a shower or walking,or even making meaningless

10、 drawings.A.Having interesting things to think about also helps.B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C.Without wandering minds,we wouldnt have relativity,Coke or Post-it notes.解题思路A选项中的“also helps”与空前一句中的“help”对应,且两句话主语形式统一,都说的是做白日梦的条件,故A项为正确答案。句意为“思考一些有趣的事情对此也有帮助”。三、词汇指代法英语文章中有时会用代词

11、或定冠词来指代前面提及的名词或者前面的一个句子,如it,they,this,these,the,all等。分析逻辑关系时也应注意这些代词所指代的内容。【典例印证】Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.36 Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an actio

12、n where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.A.Learn to really trust yourself.B.It is putting confidence in someone.解题思路B根据上句“信任是我们从过去的经历中获取的一种行为”和下句“信任是一种冒险”可知,此空选B项,本句是对第一句话的进一步解释:“信任是信赖某人”。由于前文出现了名词trust,这里B项中用it指代它。四、挖空位置推理法1.挖空位置在段首,可能是段落主题句。此时要阅读后文内容,找出同义词或者其他相关的词汇,推断出主题句;段

13、首的挖空句也可能是段落间的过渡句,这时要瞻前顾后找启示,阅读上一段结尾部分,结合下一段内容,看看所考虑的选项是否能将两段内容连接起来;段首的挖空句也可能与后文存在并列、转折、因果关系等,这就要着重阅读后文的第一、二句,锁定线索信息词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词,答案句一定与挖空后的第一句在意思上紧密衔接。【典例印证】 38 Fresh fish should smell sweet:you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh.

14、Do not buy it.When you have bought a fish and arrive home,youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately,but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.F.When buying fish,you should first smell it.解题思路F由

15、空后的句子主要讲述“买鱼时要先闻鱼的气味”可知,F项“When buying fish,you should first smell it.”能够与下文相辅相成。2.挖空位置在段尾,通常是结论性、概括性的语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词。段尾的挖空也可能是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可以考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。段尾的挖空可能与前文构成转折或者对比关系,此时要在选项中查找表示转折或者对比的词;段尾的挖空也可能与前文构成并列或者排比关系,此时通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节,因此要根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找到相关的特征

16、词。如果在文章第一段的段尾挖空,就要看此处是细节还是主旨。通常情况下,第一段要提出文章的主题,那就要看一下挖空句子是否与后面的各段内容一致。【典例印证】Finally,you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.40Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.E.It involves slow,steady breathing for

17、 self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct,quite unlike sleep dreams,which may be hard to understand.G.Therefore,its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.解题思路G文章介绍白日做梦的利与弊,并指出在人类历史上有许多伟大的想法或成

18、就都是白日做梦促成的。这里说的是你永远也不知道是否在做白日梦的过程中会产生一些好的主意。段尾挖空内容通常是结论、概括性语句。选项G中的“to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby”很好地解决了上句话中提出的问题,同时Therefore很好地把两句话进行了衔接,故答案为G项。五、关联词语推断法英语中段落之间、句子之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接或过渡,以使文章更加连贯、表达更加清楚,因此文章中表示各种逻辑关系的关联词在选择答案时都是很好的线索。常见的关联词有:因果关系:so,therefore,thus,consequently,as a result等。

19、条件关系:as(so)long as,on condition that,if,unless等。并列关系:firstly,secondly,thirdly;first,next,then,.;in the first place,in the second place,.;for one thing,for another,.等。转折关系:however,nevertheless,though,yet,otherwise等。对比关系:on the contrary,in contrast,by comparison等。层递关系:also,further,furthermore,likewise

20、,similarly,moreover,in addition等。解释关系:for example,for instance,in fact,actually等。总结说明:in conclusion,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in a word等。定义关系:namely,in other words,that is to say,or rather等。【典例印证】A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the message of a real code,you mu

21、st have a code book.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.For example,“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”.The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes

22、must be changed frequently.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.解题思路A根据空格后的However可知前后句之间存在逻辑上的转折或者让步关系。上文指出了利用密码本破解密码的方式。根据后文的“However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.”可知,没有密码本很难破解密码,故A项符合语境。解题示例(2020新高考山东)Some individuals are born with a gift for public speak

23、ing.16 Do you want to be a good public speaker?Here are some principles you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting,relaxed and comfortable.Too often,when you stand up to give a speech,you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”17 Focus on the speaking.Talk di

24、rectly to your audience,be yourself and make a connection.Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes.Yet,the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking.Peoples attention wanders constantly.In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message.So,

25、dont stop speaking when you make a mistake unless its a truly serious one.18Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19 And like everything else in life,that takes practice.Remember,even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.20 Its rare to hear someone say,“I wis

26、h that speaker had spoken longer.”On the other hand,you probably cant count the times that youve thought,“Im glad that talk is over.It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience.Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.Its better to leave your listeners wishing for

27、more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.A.Do the opposite.B.You want to be an effective public speaker.C.You dont need to apologize for a minor slip.D.When it comes to public speaking,less is usually more.E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the

28、audience.F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.G.However,the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.解题流程Step 1浏览选项,阅读正文,明确目标。理解选项句意,并找出选项中的关联词。然后带着选项速读全文,重点关注文章首尾句、文章标题、段落标题,把握文章大意,理解全文逻辑关系,再根据上下文语段内容,初步确定部分题目的答案。Step 2仔细阅读,抓住关键,筛选答案。了解了文章大意

29、和选项内容之后,回头细读文章,分析上下文语段之间的联系,分析空格处前后内容的关系,寻找线索词,匹配关键词,确定有把握的选项。Step 3代入选项,审视差异,确定答案。对于拿不准的选项,多考虑命题人的命题思路和文章主旨,与文章主旨一致的选项往往是正确答案。答案详解【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何成为一名受人欢迎的演讲者给出了一些建议,即注意和听众互动,在有错误时应继续往下讲,不断练习等。16.G考查过渡句。解题思路上下文语境分析题。上一句提到“一些人生来就有公开演讲的天赋”,与此承接的语意应该是另一些人则要经过后天培训,故选G项“然而,大多数人能成为有影响力的演说家,是因为他们受过训练”

30、。G项中的“the majority of people(大多数人)”对应上一句的“some individuals(一些人)”,“train to be(训练使然)”对应上一句的“are born with(与生俱来)”。17.A考查过渡句。解题思路上下文语境分析题。前面一句说的是“当你站在公众面前演讲时,大多数情况下你关注的是公众,却牺牲了演讲”,言外之意,作者认为演讲者应关注演讲本身而不是公众,故选A项“反过来做”。F选项虽然也提到要关注“听众”,但是选项中的“the fear”前文中没有提到,因而排除。18.C考查段尾句。解题思路词汇复现题。前文说的是“即使最成功的演说家也会犯错所以,

31、除非错误非常严重,否则犯了错也不要停止演讲”。由此可推断设空处应该与“犯错”有关,故选项C“你没有必要为小失误而道歉”。a minor slip(小错误)与前文的 a mistake为同义替换。19.B考查过渡句。解题思路词汇指代题。由前一句“你的目标不是成为一名完美的演说家”可以锁定B、E两个选项。但后一句“就像生活中的其他一切事情一样,这需要练习”中有关键词“that”,因此空格处应提及“that”指代的内容,故选B项“你想成为一名有影响力的演说家”,这是需要加以练习的。20.D考查段首句。解题思路挖空位置推理题。空格后提到“很少听到有人会说:我希望演讲者能讲得更久一些。”另外,本段还给出

32、了建议“总是让你的演讲比预期的稍短一点”,由此可知,位于本段段首的空格处应与缩短演讲时间有关。D项“说到公开演讲,通常越少就是越多”符合本段主题。此处的“less”指的是“less time”,“more”指的是“more benefits”或者“more gains”。真题演练 明趋势Unit 1A(2020全国)A Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it.to accept and love ourselves.But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach.1 Here

33、s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.2 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.Why do you follow them?Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs?Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this

34、 world.Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings,our mistakes and our failures.3 You will make mistakes,time and time again.Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better,why not offer yourself a compassionate(有同情心) response?“That didn

35、t go as planned.But,I tried my best.”Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job,earned your degree,and you got out of bed today.4Now that youve listed your

36、 strengths,list your imperfections.Turn the page in your journal.Put into words why you feel unworthy,why you dont feel good enough.Now,read these words back to yourself.5 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.See how awesome you are?A.Feeling upset again?B.Where

37、do you start?C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.D.Remember,you are only human.E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.F.Stop comparing yourself with others.G.When does the comparison game start?【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我接受的几种方法,倡导自尊自信、乐观向上的人生态度。1.B此处为过渡句。根据上文提到的接纳自己有时很难,联系下文的“Heres a handful of ways t

38、hat will set you in the right direction.”可知,此处表示“从何处开始呢?”。故B项合适。2.F段前空格考查主题句。根据后面的“Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.”可知,此处表示“停止与别人比较”。故选F项。3.D此处为段中承上启下过渡句。根据开头提及的“Forgive yourself for mistakes.”以及后面的“You will make mistakes.”可知,此处表示“要记住,你只是个普通人”。故选D项。4.C此处为总结句。本段讲述要认识自身的长处,将

39、它们写进日记,将你的成就列出来。你有一份工作,你获得了学位,你今天没有赖床。最后总结:无论事情多小,都值得庆贺。故选C项。5.A此处为过渡句。根据上文中的“Put into words why you feel unworthy,why you dont feel good enough.”可知,此处表示“又感到不安了吗?”。dont feel good enough与A项中的upset同义。故选A项。B(2020全国)Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace CommunicationIn Asia,messaging platforms are growing rapidly,w

40、ith users in the hundreds of millions,both at work and play.1.Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.Written communications can often read as cold and dull.Using emojis can add humor and feeling,keeping intention clear.2,encouraging better a

41、nd more frequent communication.In any given office,employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge.3.While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually,for those used to working with traditional tools like email,it may fe

42、el like a learning curve(曲线).The good news is that its simple to learn and can be worth the effort.There is also the matter of tone(语气).Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?4.Emoji can help communication feel friendlier,and even a serious note can be softened with an

43、encouraging smile.5,and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome.And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication,youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.A.Messages with emojis feel more conversationalB.Even a formal email can see

44、m cold and unfriendlyC.Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeD.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globallyE.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestlyF.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplaceG.An easy way to bring all wor

45、k generations together is with a chat platform【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了表情符号在职场沟通中的重要作用。1.D根据上文出现的messaging platforms和下文出现的western countries可知,信息平台在全球迅速普及开来。故选D项。2.A根据前一句出现的emojis和下文的结果状语可知,此处表示带有表情符号的信息更有利于交谈。故选A项。3.G上文提到,办公室里的人们年龄不同,交流方式可能是一个挑战,由此推知此处应该是解决方案。故选G项。4.B根据上文出现的annoying和下文出现的friendlier可知,B

46、项承上启下,符合语境。故选B项。5.F根据下文的that positive outcome可知,F项中的a happier workplace刚好与之吻合。故选F项。C(2020全国)A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house.The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party.The party is a chance for f

47、riends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.1 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.2 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on a gift registry in

48、clude kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.Even if there isnt a registry,a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with,like a piece of art or a plant.3 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served.There are usually no planned

49、activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will,however,probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.Sometimes,because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home,people may be asked to help unpack boxes.4Housewarming par

50、ties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.5 Now most homes have central heating and dont use fires to keep warm.A.This isnt usual though.B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.C.You can also bring food or

51、drinks to share with the other guests.D.If youre lucky enough to receive gifts,keep them in a safe place.E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm

52、for the winter.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“温锅”聚餐这一习俗的相关内容。1.E上文提到“温锅”是朋友和家人对乔迁新居的人进行的一种祝贺方式,下文讲“温锅”也是在用爱和礼物来填充新空间的时刻。由此可以推知,空处很有可能也是在讲有关“温锅”的意义。结合语境内容可知,E项中的代词It指housewarming party,而且also表明了和上一句之间的逻辑关系。故选E项。2.B结合空后内容可知,此段主要讲“温锅”的时候,人们通常会带礼物。B项符合语境内容。3.C根据文中的“.there isnt a lot of food served.”可知,此处讲的是人们来参加乔

53、迁派对时也可以带着食物,据此可知C项“你也可以带着食物和饮料与其他客人一同分享”符合语境。4.A根据空前的“.people may be asked to help unpack boxes.”可知,此处是在描述派对活动时可能会做的事情,A项“不过这并不常见”是对空前内容的补充。A项中的代词This指代空前的people may be asked to help unpack boxes这种情况。5.G此段中的firewood和central heating是答题的关键。这与G项中的keep their home warm for the winter的表述一致。D(2020浙江)I expe

54、rienced years of loneliness as a child.1 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood,I had to spend hours by myself.A bright spot for me turned out to be reading.My love of the written word began

55、early as my mother read to me every evening.2 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books.I quickly graduated from typical childrens books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters.Reading opened new worlds to m

56、e.3My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted.I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me.When my mother saw my creations,she told me how creative my designs were.4 I learned a lot about how to extend the

57、life of objects and transform them into something new and useful.It was a trait(特点) others found helpful,and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.5 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside,no matter the weather or season.My brother,of course,raced off to be

58、 with his friends,while I had plenty to do myself.There was making leaf houses in autumn,ice skating in winter,and so much more.Theyre all memories I treasure today.A.I wasnt alone any longer.B.I enjoyed reading stories aloud.C.I was invited to play with another kid.D.I loved the colorful photograph

59、s in the books.E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.F.Thus,I began my lifelong interest in making things.G.My older brother couldnt be bothered to play with me.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者分析了自己几个生活习惯的成因。1.G此句为过渡句。根据空后一句“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were f

60、ar different from mine.”可知,设空句应提及“His”的身份,即G项中的“My older brother”。故选G项。2.D此句为段中承上启下过渡句。根据空前一句提到“我对书写字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候”和下文提到“我很快就从典型的儿童读物变成了插图少、章节多的书”可知此处应指“我喜欢书中的彩色照片”与上句构成递进与下文形成对比。结合选项可知D项最符合语境。故选D。3.A此句为段尾句。根据前一句提到阅读为“我”打开了新世界可知,接下来应描述作者的感受。结合选项可知A项“我不再孤独”与空前一句形成了因果关系,符合语境。故选A。4.F此句为过渡句。根据前一句“当