高考英语二轮复习专题04阅读理解Ⅱ：细节理解题含解析

1、专题 4 阅读理解：细节理解题【构建知识体系】考点 1 事实细节题考点 2 细节转换及是非判断题细节理解题考点 3 数字计算题考点 4 细节排序题2021-2021 年全国高考卷本专题考察分布明细统计考点分布年份2021章节第一节第二节素材话题剑桥科技节的活动通知旅鸽在美国逐渐减少直至灭绝的过程向驯兽师学习如何集中注意应对选择障碍学者对濒危语种进展记录拯救如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备体裁 主旨大 细节理 推理判 词义猜意 解 断 想应用文记叙文1 6 6 2议论文记叙文说明文 信息匹配第 1 页说明文20212021第一节第二节第一节关于伦敦运河博物馆每月专题讲座安排的海报作者离开寒冷的纽约去

2、美国南部度假的感受介绍了在巴黎皮蓬杜艺术中心举办西班牙著名艺术家萨尔瓦多达利艺术展的情况法国咖啡馆在现代社会中彰显心理沟通的社会功能，产生了积极的意义。重建人际关系中的信任的意义及措施主要介绍了四位著名的女性的根本情况。主要介绍了社会上很多老年人搬到离应用文记叙文0 9 5 1记叙文议论文信息匹配说明文1 9 4 1说明文第 2 页子女近的地方居住的一种趋势，同时也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择。文章主要讲述了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同含义。第二 主要介绍了密码的节 设置方法与破解方法。记叙文说明文说明文 信息匹配2021

3、-2021 年全国高考卷本专题考察分布明细统计考点分布年份2021章节 素材话题 体裁以一个妻子的口吻A 记叙文讲述了发生在自己第 3 页主旨大 细节理 推理判 词义猜意 解 断 想1 9 3 2BC丈夫身上的故事。在丈夫丧失了自己所有东西后，陌生人无私的帮助使他们重拾了对他人的信任。以 1970 年地球日为突破口，讲述了人类对于地球环境的认识由无知到保护。借专家之口讲述了美国 40 年来对环境保护做出的突出奉献。美国普遍存在的一种社会现象对于“aupair 住家保姆 fromChina 。透过现象 提 醒 了 本 质 “ LearingChinese is科普说明文社会文化类第 4 页202

4、1DABbecoming inAmercia ，暗示中 国 雄 狮 已 经 苏醒。地铁提示信息，包括时间、价格、失物招领等，同时也提到了老年人与残疾人需要注意的问题我的彩电给我带来的头疼事：花的钱比广告上的多，而且机子是过时的，质量也有问题，最后只能花钱修。减 肥 除 了 少 吃 之外，还与房间有关系：房子要明亮；勇冷色系会减少食欲；放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；用校的广告应用类记叙文1 5 8 1科普说明文第 5 页CD202A 1碗碟越来越多即将上大学的学生选 择“间隔年。有人认为是好事，因为经过一年的锻炼，学生将 会 变 得 更 加 成熟、更有责任感。但也有人指出这种做法存在弊端，有些学生会因为

5、负担不起大学学费而被迫利用这一年去打工。从价格到参观的内容介绍了四个英国的旅游胜地。主要介绍了几个广告的具体内容，涉及音乐、喜剧表演与歌曲等活动的具体安排，如时间、社会现象议论类广告应用类比应用文 1 9 3 2第 6 页BCD年份 章节地点等。主要讲述了作者在上课的时候通过让学生们拼装玩具，从而发现并鼓励学生们的创造性思维的故事。主要介绍了网站BookCrossing建立的目的以及它是如何促进人们分享图书的。主要介绍了 Frank用图片使一次失败的南极航海活动重新进入人们的视野，让人们能够了解这次航海的许多记叙文说明文记叙文信息。2021 年全国高考 III 卷本专题考察分布明细统计考点分布

6、素材话题 体裁主旨大 细节理 推理判 词义猜第 7 页1本文通过广告的形式介绍了几家A举行音乐演出的剧场的信息。意 解 断 想应用文B 文 章 通 过 作 家Welty 一次及朋友在 外 面 吃 饭 的 经202 记叙文历，讲述了小说中 1 10 2 2的人物大多都是来自现实生活。C 介绍了苹果节的一说明文些情况。D 讨论了新闻传播的规那么，以及读者议论文喜欢分享什么样的文章。【考纲解读】考试大纲 要求 考纲解读要求考生阅读 考察 主旨大意题包括准确归纳标题、 概4 篇短文， 从每题所 主旨大 括文章大意与总结段落大意， 主要考察第 8 页给的 4 个选项中选 出最正确选项。 题材 广泛， 包

7、括科普、 社 会、 文化、 政治、 经 济等多方面内容。 体 裁多样，以记叙文、 议论文、说明文为主。意、 细节 理解、 推 理判断、 词义猜 想、 篇章 构造等 题型。考生能否分辨主题与细节，是否 具备提纲挈领的能力， 也就是能否在理解全文的根底上运用概括、 判断、 归纳、 推理等逻辑方法对文章进展高度概括与总结， 做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩， 不可以以偏概全。【剖析全国高考真题】预测高考命题方向2021 全国卷 AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the

8、outstanding ladies listed below, who doyou think was the most important woman of the past 100 yearsJane Addams (1860 1935 )Anyone who has ev er been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community( 社 区 ) by creating

9、 shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addamsbecame the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.第 9 页Rachel Carson (1907 1964 )If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement mightnot exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised aw

10、arenessof the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals onhumans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor (1930 present )When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at StanfordLaw School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because shewas a woman. She

11、became an Arizona s tate senator( 参议员 ) and, in1981, the first woman to join the US Supreme Court. OConnor gave thedeciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the topcourt.Rosa Parks (1913 2005 )On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks wouldnot give up her seat on a b

12、us to a white passenger. Her simple actlanded Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. Itlasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“ The only tired I was, was tired of giving in said Park，s.21. What is Jane Addams noted for in historyA Her social w

13、ork. B Her teaching skills.C Her efforts to win a prize.第 10 页D Her community background.22. What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the lawfirmA Her lack of proper training in law. B Her little work experience in court.C The discrimination against women.D The poor financial conditions.23

14、. Who made a great contribution to the civil - rights movement inthe USA Jane Addams. B Rachel Carson.C Sandra Day OConnor. D Rosa Parks.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了四位著名的女性的根本情况。21 A 细节理解题。根据文章中的 “ Anyone who has ever beenhelped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helpedthe poor and worked

15、 for peace. She encouraged a sense of community( 社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for peoplein need. 可知，她是一位社会工作者，因为她所做的社会工作而获得诺贝尔与平奖。应选 A 。第 11 页20 21 全国卷 Electric_Underground7： 30 pm 1： 00 amDo you know whosAWhats onFree at the Cyclops Theatreplaying in your area Were

16、bringing you anexciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recordi ngcontract( 合同 ) If so, come early to the talk at 7 ： 30 pm by Jules Skye, asuccessful record producer. Hes going to talk about how you can findthe rig

17、ht person to produce your music.Gee_Whizz8： 30 pm 10： 30 pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform. Hes the funniest stand - upcomedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone,from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to makeyou laugh! Our bar is op

18、en from 7 ： 00 pm for drinks and snacks( 快餐 ).Simons_Workshop5： 00 pm 7： 30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to docomedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practisesmany different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and

19、第 12 页actor who has 10 years experience of teaching comedy. His workshopsare exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidenceto be funny.Charlotte_Stone8： 00 pm 11： 00 pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out.Charlotte Stone will perform song

20、s from her new best-selling CD, withJames Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meatand fresh fish, pizzas and pasta( 面食 ). Book early to get a table. Our baris open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.1. Who can help you if you want to have your music p

21、roducedA. Jules Skye.C. Charlotte Stone.B. Gee Whizz.D. James Pickering.2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laughA. The Cyclops Theatre. B. Kaleidoscope.C. Victoria Stage. D. Pizza World.3. What do we know about Simons WorkshopA. It requires membership status.B. It lasts thre

22、e hours each time.C. It is run by a comedy club.D. It is held every Wednesday.4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs 第 13 页A. 5： 00 pm 7： 30 pm.C. 8： 00 pm 11： 00 pm.B. 7： 30 pm 1： 00 am.D. 8： 30 pm 10： 30 pm.2 B 细 节 理 解 题。 根 据 文 章 的 第 二 局 部 中 的 “ Hes the funnieststand-up comedian on the com

23、edy scene. This joyful show will pleaseeveryone, from the youngest to the oldest. 可知，他是最滑稽的喜剧演员，因此他的演出会让不同年龄的人都感到快乐。3 D 细节理解题。根据第三局部广告中的“ 0： pm 7： 30 pmWednesdays at Victoria Stage 可知 Simons Workshop 的表演是在每周三下午 5： 00 至 7： 30 之间进展。因此选 D。4 C 细节理解题。根据第四局部中的“11： 00 pm Pizza World 可知 Charlotte Stone之间演唱她

24、最受欢送的歌曲。Charlotte_Sto8n：e 00 pm 将在晚上 8： 00 至 11： 002021 全国卷 AMusicOpera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs Junethrough August, with additional performances in March and September.The Opera honours Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone:第 14 页241-2742. ： /.Chamber Orchestra: The Orch

25、estra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June.Call 723-1182 for more information. :_/.Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales,call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at MusicHall and in summer at River

26、bend. College Conservatory of Musiccampus( 校园 ) of the university,： /.(CCM ): Performances are on the main usually at Patricia Cobbett Theatre.CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCMs Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians pre

27、senting Baroque through modern music.Students with I D. cards can attend the events for free. A free scheduleof events for each term556-4183. ： /.Riverbend Music Theatre:is available by calling the box office at6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theatrewith the closest seats under cover (price differen

28、ce). Big name shows allsummer long! Phone ： 232-6220. ： /.1. Which number should you call if you want to see an operaA. 241 - 2742.C. 381 - 3300.B. 723 - 1182.D. 232 - 6220.2. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra第 15 页A. February.C. August.3. Where can cardsA. Music Hall.B. May.D. Novem

29、ber.students go for free performances with their I D.B. Memorial Hall.C. Patricia Cobbett Theatre.D. Riverbend Music Theatre.4. How is Riverbend Music Theatre different from the other placesA. It has seats in the open air.B. It gives shows all year round.C. It offers membership discounts.D. It prese

30、nts famous musical works.【文章大意】 这是一篇应用文。本文通过广告的形式介绍了几家举行音乐演出的剧场的信息。1 A 细 节 理 解 题。 根 据 第 一 那 么 广 告 Opera at Music Hall 中“ Phone： 241-2742. 可知，要想看歌剧应拨打 241-2742 。2 B 细节理解题。根据第二那么广告中的“ whoicfers severalconcerts from March through June. 可知， 5 月份期间可以去听该音乐会。第 16 页【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测 2021 年全国高考试题还会卷在选材上继续

31、保持知识性与趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材及体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考察考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的 60% 左右，难度及上年持平，预计难度系数 0.7 。卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文与说明文占主体的局面， 另有一篇议论文与一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜想题 1题左右。【精讲研法】课堂讲解突破核心考点考点一 事实细节题【例 1 】2021 全国卷 BGrandparents answer a callAs a third - generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garzan

32、ever planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son askedher to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politelyrefused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say第 17 页yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard themove as a success, gi

33、ving them a closer relationship than they wouldhave had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who aremoving closer to the adult children and grandchildren. Yet there isevidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obamas mother - in - law, Marian

34、 Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According toa study by grandparents , 83 per cent of the people said MrsRobinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two-thirds believe more families will follow the exa

35、mple of Obamas family.“ In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away fromhome far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own ，says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents.“ We now realize how important family is and how important it is to benear

36、 them, especially when youre raising children. Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to bewith his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, butsometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having yourgrandchildren far away is hard, especially knowi

37、ng your adult child isstruggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.第 18 页25. Why was Garzas move a successA It strengthened her family ties.B It improved her living conditions.C It enabled her make more friends.D It helped her know more new places.26. What was the reaction of the public

38、 to Mrs Robinsons decisionA 17% expressed their support for it.B Few people responded sympathetically.C 83% believed it had a bad influence.D The majority thought it was a trend.27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960sA They wer e unsure of themselves.B They were eager to raise more childre

39、n.C They wanted to live away from their parents.D They had little respect for their grandparents.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势，同时也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择。25 A 细节理解题。根据首段末句 “ Today all three generationsregard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship thanthey would have had in

40、separate cities. 可知， Mildred Garza 老人搬到离孩子近的地方居住，这让他们的关系更密切，一家人认为这是一件成功的事情。应选 A 。第 19 页规律方法 1： 如何解决事实细节题？做事实细节题最根本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进展比拟与分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。【变式精练】 A【辽宁省铁岭市协作体 2021 届高三上学期第二次联考】Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for“ sport. Prog

41、ress in this direction is slow because shooting is not asport for watching, and only those few who take part realize the crueltyand destruction.The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too youngto develop proper judgments through independent thought are led along way away by their gun

42、ning parents. They are subjected toadvertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good fortheir health and guncarrying as a way of putting redder blood in theveins (血管 ). They are persuaded by gunner magazines with storieshonoring the chase and the kill. In school they view motion pictures

43、which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely第 20 页but which are actually designed to stimulate ( 刺激 ) a desire to own a gun.Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss ofwildland habitat ( 栖息地 ). Habitat loss will continue with our increasingpopulati

44、on, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting Theredoesn t seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds isnot improved.Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Althoughmost people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sportbecause they know li

45、ttle or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is tobring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life aswe do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gunshooting the harmless and beautiful

46、creatures. The gunners like todescribe what they do as character-building, but we know that to woundan animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobodyhappy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killingimprove human-character, then perhaps we should encourage war.21.

47、 According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because_.A. they have little knowledge of itB. it helps to build human characterC. it is too costly to stop killing wildlife第 21 页D. they want to keep wildlife under control23. According to the text, the films children watch at sc

48、hool actually_.A. teach them how to deal with guns safelyB. praise hunting as character-buildingC. describe hunting as an exerciseD. encourage them to have guns of their own23.D 细节理解题。根据 In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but whi

49、chare actually designed to stimulate ( 刺激) a desire to own a gun. 事实上在学校，孩子们所看到的电影也刺激着他们拥有一把枪的欲望，应选 D。考点二 细节转换及是非判断题【 例 2 】 I have been consistently opposed to fee ding a babyregularly.As a doctor ， mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it， from the baby s

50、 point of view.Mothers ， doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby blood sugar level lies.All we know is that a low level is harmful to braindevelopment and makes a baby easily annoyed.In this state ， the babyis difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible.The baby asks forattention by

51、 crying and searching for food with its mouth.It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a f our-hourly feeding第 22 页schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate astrict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who wasagainst feeding in the night.I ve never

52、 heardridiculous.Baby feeding shouldn t foll ow a timetablemum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.anything soset by the， though itWell ， at last we have copper-bottomed research that supportsdemand feeding and points out the weakne

53、sses of strictly timedfeeding.The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand dobetter at school at age 5,7,11 and 14 ， than babies fed according to theclock.By the age of 8， their IQ (智商 ) scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.This research comes fromO

54、xford and Essex University using a sample ( 样本 ) of 10,419 childrenborn in the early 1990s ， taking account of parental educationincome ， a child ssex and age， the mother s health style.These results don t surprise me.Feeding according， familyand feedingto scheduleruns the risk of harming the rapidl

55、y growing brain by taking no accountof sinking blood sugar levels.I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed babyfeeding practices31 According to Paragraph 2 feels_.， one reason why a baby cries is that it第 23 页B upset D hungryA sickC sleepy【答案】 D【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，特别是最后一句“fo

56、r attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.The baby asks 可知，血糖低对大脑发育有害而且婴儿易躁易怒，在这种情况下，婴儿很难平静入睡，由此判断选 D 项。32 What does the author think about Dr KingA He is strict. B He is unkind.C He has the wrong idea.D He sets a timetable for mothers.【答案】 C【 解析 】细 节 理解 题。 由第 三 段中 “ I venever hear

57、d anything soridiculous. 可知，作者认为 Dr King 的观点是错误的。34 What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demandA The baby will sleep well.B The baby will have its brain harmed.C The baby will have a low blood sugar level.D The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.【答案】 D第 24 页35 The author su

58、pports feeding the baby_.A in the nightB every four hoursC whenever it wants foodD according to its blood sugar level【答案】 C【解析】 细节理解题。由文章的最后一段可以看出作者明确地表示反对严格定时 进 食(strictly timed feeding) 的 方 式， 而 支 持 根 据 婴 儿 的 需 要 喂 食 (demand feeding) 的方式，也就是婴儿只要饿了就喂食的做法。规律方法 2 ：如何解决细节转换及是非判断题细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图

59、文转换题与是非判断题。(1) 语意转换题，需要将题目信息及原文相关信息进展语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关局部进展分析比照，找出答案。(2) 图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用“文字锁定法，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。(3) 是非判断题，采用对号入座法与排除法。对号入座法就是根据关键词返回原文，找出相关内容，从中找出答案。正确答案及原文表述可能有出入，但意第 25 页思一样，万变不离其宗。排除法

60、，针对是非判断题中的“三错一对或“三对一错类试题，要求仔细阅读文章，比拟选项及原文的异同，然后做出正确判断。【变式精练】【湖北省荆门市 2021 届高三元月调考】 In one study, college studentswho had important and reality-based conversations were more contentthan their peers who changed mere amusing remarks. But donsmall talks just yet.Psychologists have long said that connecti