英国文学简史期末考试复习要点-刘炳善版英语专业大三必备

1、英国文学史资料 British Writers and Works、中世纪文学(约 5世纪一1485)?贝奥武甫(Beowulf)?高文爵士 和绿衣骑士(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利 乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer)英国诗歌之父(Father of English Poetry )坎特伯雷故事(The Canterbury Tales )二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期一17世纪初)? 托马斯莫尔 (Thomas More )乌托邦(Utopia)? 埃德蒙斯宾塞(Edmund Spenser)仙后(The Faerie Queene)?弗

2、兰西斯培根(Francis Bacon)论说文集(Essays)克里斯托弗马洛Christopher Marlowe?帖木儿大帝(Tamburlaine)?浮士德博士的悲剧(The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus )?马耳他岛的犹太人(The Jew of Malta )威廉莎士比亚 William Shakespeare喜剧仲夏夜之梦(A Midsummer Night s Dream)威尼斯商人(The Merchant of Venice)悲剧罗密欧与朱丽叶(Romeo and Juliet)、哈姆莱特(Haml

3、et)、奥赛罗(Othello)、李尔王(King Lear)、麦克白(Macbeth)历史剧亨利四世(Henry IV )传奇居【J暴风雨(The Tempest本琼生 Ben Johnson?人人高兴(Every Man in His Humor )?狐狸(Volpone)?练金术士(The Alchemist )三、17世纪文学约翰弥尔顿John Milton失乐园(Paradise Lost)复乐园(Paradise Regained)诗居力士参孙(Samson AgonisteS? 约翰 班扬(John Bunyan )天路历程(The Pilgrim s Progress)? 威廉

4、烦格里夫(William Congreve )以爱还爱(Love for Love)如此世道(The Way of the World )四、启蒙时期文学(17世纪后期一18世纪中期)18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追 求艺术形式的完美与和谐。亚历山大蒲柏(Alexander Pope)是新古典主义诗歌的代表。? 乔纳森斯威夫特Jonathan Swift格列佛? 丹尼尔笛福Daniel Defoe英国小说之父鲁滨孙漂流记(Robinson Crusoe)?亨利菲尔丁 Henry Fielding汤姆琼斯(Tom Jones)? 乔纳森斯威夫特J

5、onathan Swift格列佛游记Gulliver s Travels? 丹尼尔笛福Daniel Defoe英国小说之父鲁滨孙漂流记(Robinson Crusoe)?亨利菲尔丁 Henry Fielding汤姆琼斯(Tom Jones)? 奥利弗哥尔德斯密斯Oliver Goldsmith荒村(The Deserted Village)? 詹姆斯汤姆逊 James Thomson四季歌(The Season? 威廉柯林斯William Collins黄昏颂(Ode to Evening)? 托马斯格雷Thomas Gray墓园哀歌(Elegy Written in a Country Ch

6、urchyard )五、浪漫主义时期文学(1798-1832)? 罗伯特彭斯 Robert Burns? 威廉布莱克William Blake? 威廉华兹华斯W川iam Wordsworth? 塞缪尔 泰勒 柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 抒情歌谣集(Lyrical Ballads )Byron,Shelley,Keats六、现实主义时期文学(19世纪30年代-1918)(维多利亚时代 1832-1901)? 罗伯特布朗宁Robert Browning戏剧独白皮帕走过了(Pippa Passes指环与书(The Ring and the Book)?阿尔弗雷德丁尼生A

7、lfred Tennyson悼念(In Memoriam A. H. H )勃朗特三姐妹? 夏洛蒂勃朗特 Charlotte Bronte简爱(Jane Eyre)? 艾米丽勃朗特Emily Bronte呼啸山庄(Wuthering Heights)? 安妮勃朗特Anne Bronte阿格尼斯 格雷(Agnes Grey)。托马斯哈代 Thomas Hardy?德伯家的苔丝(Tess of the D Urbervilles)?无名的裘德(Jude the Obscure)查尔斯狄更斯Charles Dickens? 雾都孤儿(Oliver Twist)? 大卫 科波菲尔(David Copp

8、erfield)?远大前程(Great Expectations)?荒凉山庄(Bleak House)?双城记(A Tale of Two Cities)一.Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 中世纪文学(约 5 世纪一1485 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The s

9、tyle of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant soun d 头韵) Some examples on P5Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understate

10、ment: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里诉叟 1340(?)1400(首创双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰 德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为英国诗 歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry.It is alone who, for the first time in English literat

11、ure, presented to us a comprehensive ( 综合的, 广泛的 )realisticpicture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity.The Canterbury

12、 Tales欢特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体)by middle English#罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 The House of Fame*誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literary form:Romance传奇故事)Famous three King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期一17世纪初)A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabeth

13、an drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Two featu

14、resa thirsting curiosity for the clasical literaturethe keen interst in the activities ofhumanity.The Renaissance marksa transition from the medieval to the modern world. The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts:to get rid of those old

15、 feudalist ideas in medieval Europe,to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie,to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.Three historical events of the Renaissance - rebirth or revival:new discoveries in geography an

16、d astrologythe religious reformation and economic expansionrediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.English Renaissance:the early 16th century to the early 17th century.I.Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙殉宾塞 15521599(后人称之为 诗人的诗人 ”。)

17、The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poet corner of Westerminster AbbeyWhich of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous forthe poets poet”? ( B )A. Spensers idealismB. his struggle for criteriaC. his love of beautyD. his exquisite melody The Faerie Queen

18、ed后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not Arms and the man，but something more romantic Fierce wars and faithfull loves.Artistic features:Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. The Sh

19、epherds Calendar牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.爱情小唱Thomas More 托马斯？K尔 14781535One of the greatest English humanists乌托邦FrancisBacon 弗兰西斯？W*g 15611626(哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主 义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。)Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The fi

20、rst English essayist.Writing style: brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.(DThe Advancement of Learning学术的推进!笔(famous quotas: )The theme of Of Studies uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by dif

21、ferent people to pursue studies.Ben JonsonvVolpone, or the fox狐狸Christopher Marlowe 柯里斯托弗 叫洛 15641595University Wits ，the pioneer of English drama (完善了无韵体诗。)Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.14. Marlowe gave new vigor to with his mighty lines ( D )A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina

22、C. terza rimaD. blank verseThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus孚士彳惠博士的悲剧(根据彳惠国民间故事书写成)vTamburlaineW占木耳大帝The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人William Shakespeare 威廉？士比亚 15641616Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ； Richard II ； Henry VIIIFour Comedies: 皆大欢喜；第十二夜；威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱

23、特；vOthello奥赛罗；Ki ; 麦 克白 Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century17 世纪文学John Milton 约翰？尔尔顿 16081674（诗人、政论家；失明后写失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙0）Epics: Paradi

24、se Lost欢乐园Paradise RegainedX 乐园Dramatic poem: Samson Agonistes汕士参孙论出版自由The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩 我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnetIts theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can end

25、ure the suffering best.John Bunyan 约翰？H扬 16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑 式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet（青教徒派诗人）Religionary Allegory: essOJ程John Donnethe Metaphysical poet医学派诗人）.Metaphysical Poetry国学诗）：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual,形式）the

26、 form is frequently an argument with the poef s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:conceits o门magery奇思妙喻syllogism 三段论Meditations沉思录The Flea 虱子Songs And SonnetsHoly SonnetsValediction:IV The 18th Century 启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期一18世纪中期）:Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命

27、提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音 乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion抑制情感）and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reasonthe movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the thSand 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement

28、, reason（rationality）, equality&science（the 伯century）小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised（realistic novel现实主 义小说）Gothic novel（哥特式小说）: mystery, horror, castles（from middle part to the end of century）Alexander Pope 亚历山大制柏 16881744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用英雄双韵体/ heroic

29、couplet。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）As a representative of the Enlightenment , Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? （ C ）A. John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. J

30、onathan Swiftlt评论Artistic features:I.Using heroic couplets The Rape of the Lock卷%:遇劫记 Moral Essays疝I德论Essay on Man队论 愚人记Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔图翰逊 17091784Dictionary =A Dictionary of English Language英语大词典Jonathan Swift 乔纳森殉威夫特 16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satiris t）Gulliver s Travel列佛游记 fictional wo

31、rk）Four parts:Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm 马岛A Modest Proposal* 个小小的建议The Battle of Books书战i的故事 The Drapper s Letters个麻布商的书信Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔 祈福 16601731（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, coll

32、oquial and mostly vernacular, andhe is the founder of realistic novel.|宾逊漂流记It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.It is an adventure story, Robinson, narr

33、ates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.Henry Fielding 亨利 班尔丁 17071754（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为 英国小说之父”。）He is called “Father of English novel” . He was the first to write a “Comic epic in p

34、rose”（散文体史诗）,and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.novels:The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling游婴汤姆 加斯The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫或德鲁The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the 6伯2大诗人江奈生 破尔德爱米利亚plays:一七三六年历史记事堂吉柯德在英国Oliver Goldsmith 奥利弗 帑尔德斯密斯17301774poems:The Tr

35、aveller旅游人The Deserted Village班村novel:威克菲尔德牧师传Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德斯林斯利碰莱登 17511816情敌ifi谣学校W川iam Blake 威廉？莱克 17571827Songs of Innocence次真之歌A happy and innocent world from children s eye.Songs of Experience密验之歌A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from

36、men eyes. Include: Lamb is a symbol of peace and purityTyger is a symbol of dread and oiolenceThe Marriage of Heaven and Hell次堂与地狱的蜡姻Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯 17591796The greatest Scottish poet in the late 1t8 century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗John Anderson, My Jo哟翰我德生，我的爱人往昔时光That那一套

37、My Heart s in the Highlands我的心在那高原上V The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期文学(1798-1832)The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge s , and endin 1832 with Sir Walter Scott s death.Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individuals mind.(人应该是独立自 由的个体 )In it, emoti

38、on over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period areJane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).T

39、he Lake Poets 湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert SoutheyWilliam Wordsworth 威廉？兹华斯 17701850(与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为 湖畔派”诗人。The Lake Poets Lyrical BalladsHlM#歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. I

40、t is nature that give him strength and knowledge fullof peace2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of live

41、ly and lovely daffodils(水仙）and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern AbbeyThe Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 The Prelude泞曲Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔傣勒刑尔彳t治 17721834The Lake Poets The Rime of the Ancient Mariner七舟子颂 Christabel，阿里斯塔贝尔忽必烈汗Artistic features: my

42、sticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory Frost at Nighty夜冰霜 Dejection, an Ode址郁颂 Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（with W川iam Wordsworth）George Gordon Byron 乔治我登彷伦 17881824（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦 闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德 哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个拜伦式英雄”。）Byronic hero is a proud, mysterious re

43、bel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. W 做ag弥德？合罗德尔游记 vCain*iOUWhen We Two Parted当初我们俩分另Persy Bysshe Shelley 波西 比匕希？t莱 17921822 Poetic Drama : Prometheus Unbound单放了 的普罗米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies ma is victory over tyranny and oppressionQueen Mab液布女王伊斯兰的反叛钦契一家A

44、Defence of Poetry 神论的必要性 Lyrics:3 风颂Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the s

45、pringThis is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life （which would end at death） but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelleys Ode to the West Wind is written in iambic pentameter. It contains

46、five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.Artistic features:Using rerza rima（三行诗 aba bcb cdc ded efe -）To a Skylark致

47、云雀John Keats 约翰就慈 17951821（美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。） Four great odes: Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂Ode to Psyche!、灵颂 忧郁颂 秋颂Theme: The theme of John Keats poem, To Autumn, is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every

48、type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poems three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of

49、 change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.Jane Austen 简便斯丁 17751817She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. !智与感情 傲慢与偏见(chapter I)Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissol

50、ved Collins & Charlotte Lucas see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhoodLydia & Wickham shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh comic characters曼斯菲尔德庄园爱玛若

51、桑觉寺Persuasion砌导Walter Scott沃尔特 殉科特17711832(历史小说之父 )Father of history novels罗伯冲伊 艾凡赫VI The Victorian Period 1832-1900Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.Charles Dicke

52、ns 查尔斯锹更斯 18121870(批判现实主义小说家)critical realist writer The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传奥利弗？#维斯特(雾都孤儿)老古玩店A Christmas Caroli诞颂歌 Dombey and SonX贝父子大卫科波菲尔 Bleak Housed凉山庄Hard Timesf!难时世MM记(London & Paris) Great Expectations也大前程我们共同的朋友是英国19世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家，影响遍及欧美以及世界各国。他那富有社会批判意义的现 实主义小说不仅

53、使英国文坛焕然一新，而且对世界文学的发展也产生了深远的影响。William Makepeace Thackeray 威廉夜克匹斯寐克雷 18111863 or a Novel without a Hero 名禾场(the name is an excerpt from by John Bunyan) Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂渤朗特 18161855 Jane Eyre我般Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 year

54、s later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood SchoolIt is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the Eng

55、lish novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.雪莉 Professor激师Emily Bronte艾米莉渤朗特18181854 WutheringHeights则啸山庄A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.TheEarnshaw Family Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the

56、son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, HeathcliffThe Linton Family Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter IsabellaGeorge Eliot 乔治我略特 18191880弗洛斯河上的磨坊 !当？t匕德织工马南米德尔马契Alfred Tennyson 阿尔弗莱德 7r尼生 18091892（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）|To memorialize his friend国王叙事诗Robert Browning 罗伯特？白朗宁 1812188

57、9 My Last Dutchess成已故的公爵夫人 Elizabeth Barrett Browing : Sonnet from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗Robert Louis StevensonTreasure Island金车艮岛Thomas Hardy 托马斯？合彳弋 18401928（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environmentNovelss伯家的苔丝Themeexperience is as to intensity, and not as to duration

58、Jude The Obscure无名的裘德 Under The Greenwood Tree绿荫下远离尘嚣 The Mayor Of Casterbridge叶斯特桥市长 还乡 PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列国VII 1900-1950 The 20th CenturyPlaywrightsOscar WildeGeorge Bernard ShawOscar Wilde 奥斯卡联尔德 18561900(The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art

59、 s Sake)4 Comedies:The Importance Of Being Earnest漱真的重要Lady Windermere s Fa温德米尔夫人的扇子A Woman Of No Importance一个无足轻重的女人An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫Novel:多利安洛雷的画像Fairy Stories:The Happy Prince And Other Tales袂乐王子故事集George Bernard Shaw 乔治？f白纳？ff 18561950(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家)critical realistic dramatistPlaysPlays Un

60、pleasantMrs Warren S Profession伦夫人的职业Widowers Houses螂夫的房产Plays Pleasant武器与人The Man Of Destiny左右命运的人PlaysA 与超人Pygmalion格玛禾1J翁 苹果车吉姆爷Heart Of Darkness短暗的心.Why the book s title is Heart of Darkness?The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of people s skin in there is black. Most