现在时态讲解及练习

1、-. z.现在完成时态讲解及练习一、现在完成时的构成肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years 否认句: 主语+have/ has+not + done (过去分词)+其它He has not finished his homework.过去分词的构成方法如下:1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加ed.work-workedanswer-answeredob

2、ey-obeyedwant-wanted2.以不发音的-e结尾的动词只加d.Move-movedhope-hopeddivide-divided3.字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed.study-studiedtidy-tidied satisfy-satisfied4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.stop-stoppedregret-regretteddrop-dropped不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表-. z.一、AAA. 原形，过去式和过去分词一致1.花费costcostcost2.割cutcutcut3.伤害hurthu

3、rthurt4.让letletlet5.放putputput6.朗读readreadread7.设置setsetset8.打击，碰撞hithithit9.关上门窗shutshutshut10.让letletlet二、ABB过去式和过去分词一致1) 过去式、过去分词含有-ought1.带来bringbroughtbrought2.买buyboughtbought3.打架fightfoughtfought4.想thinkthoughtthought5.寻找、探究seeksoughtsought2) 过去式、过去分词含有-aught5.抓住catchcaughtcaught6.教teachtaugh

4、ttaught3) 过去式、过去分词-t替换原形-d7.建筑buildbuiltbuilt8.借出lendlentlent9.花费spendspentspent10.派遣sendsentsent4) 过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t或d11.学会learnlearnt/edlearnt/ed12.意思meanmeantmeant13.燃烧burnburnt/edburnted13.做梦dreamdreamt/eddreamt/ed13.处理dealdealtdealt14.听hearheardheard5 过去式、过去分词改为-ept15.保持keepkeptkept16.睡觉sleepslep

5、tslept17.扫sweepsweptswept过去式、过去分词改为-elt18.感觉feelfeltfel19.嗅smellsmelt/edsmelt/ed20.拼写spellspelt/edspelt/ed7) 过去式、过去分词改为-aid20.孵蛋laylaidlaid21.说saysaidsaid22.支付paypaidpaid8) 过去式、过去分词改为-old23.卖sellsoldsold24.告诉telltoldtold9) 过去式、过去分词改为-ood25站standstoodstood26.明白understandunderstoodunderstood10) 其它变化27

6、.得到getgotgot(gotten)28.坐sitsatsat29.照顾babysitbabysatbabysat30.离开leaveleftleft31.失去loselostlost32.找到findfoundfound33.有have(has)hadhad34.握住，召开holdheldheld35.制造makemademade36.悬挂hanghunghung37.照耀shineshoneshone39.赢winwonwon40逃跑fleefledfled41喂feedfedfed42.引导，导致leadledled43遇见meetmetmet三、ABA 过去式与原形一致1.变成be

7、camebeebee2.来ecamee3.跑runranrunABC 原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样. 过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n或-en1.击败beatbeatbeaten2.破坏breakbrokebroken3.驾驶drivedrovedriven4.吃eatateeaten5.落下fallfellfallen6.给givegavegiven7.生长growgrewgrown8.知道knowknewknown9.吹blowblewblown10.扔throwthrewthrown11.展示showshowedshown12.弄错mistakemistookmistaken13.拿ta

8、ketooktaken14.摇动shakeshookshaken15.说speakspokespoken16.选择choosechosechosen三种形式都有变化1是be(is, am; are)was; werebeen2开场beginbeganbegun3做dodidDone4喝drinkdrankdrunk5飞flyflewflown6忘记forgetforgotforgot/forgotten7躺lielaylain8骑rideroderidden9打ringrangrung10唱singsangsung11穿wearworeworn12游泳swimswanswum13写writew

9、rotewritten14去gowentgone-. z.二、现在完成时标志词：recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段； in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; justalready (已经): 用于肯定句I have already posted the lette

10、r .yet(已经): 用于否认句,疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚) They have just left. ever(曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing never(从不) I have never seen him .before(以前) Have you seen the film beforesince(自从以来) Ive worked in the school since 1999.for(长达) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past sev

11、eral days / weeks/ years(在过去的)recently(最近) I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止) So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止)this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年)三、现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用. Already， yet的用法already: 常用于肯定句

12、中. yet: 常用于否认句,疑问句尾. Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.since , for 的用法:since: (自以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+

13、时间段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+ 从句for: (长达for+ 时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.She has learned English for 5 years.He has lived in Beijing since he was born .Have you stayed here since 3 oclock四、have/has been to; have/has gone to; have/has been inhave /has been to 曾经去过*地，人已经回来了hav

14、e /has gone to 去了*地，人还没回来have /has been in 去了*地并一直待在那我去过*。 I have been to Shanghai twice.2.-Where is Jim？ -He has gone to England尚未回来3. I have been in Shanghai for three years我到*已有三年了。1、现在完成时的 完成用法 现在完成时的 完成用法 指的是动作发生在过去*一时刻并已完毕，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如： He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。( 动作完毕

15、于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 - 灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时 完成用法 的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语 ( 如： already ， yet ， before ， recently 等 ) 、频度时间状语 ( 如： never ， ever ， once 等 ) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语 ( 如： this morning / month / year. ， today 等 ) 连用。例如： Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 2、现在完成时的 未完成用法 现在完成时的 未完成用法 指的是动作开场于过去*一时刻，

16、一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：1. He has lived here since 1978/he moved here. 自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。 ( 动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)2. I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。( 动作开场于 5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 ( 由 since 或 for 引导 ) ，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语 ( 如： up to now ， so far

17、到目前为止 ) 等。例如： I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 3. 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用，瞬间动词转换成延续性动词：把动作换成状态动作状态动作状态diebe deadbeginbe onborrow/buykept/hadend/finishbe overleavebe awayjoinbe inarrivebe heremarrybe married例如：1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. 2.Nick 参军3年了.Nick has be

18、en in the army for 3 years3.他离开*好长时间了。He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.4.这本书我已借了4个月了I have had/kept the book for 4 months. 五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语根本构成是 助动词 have /has + 过去分词 。如： The film started at 7 oclock. He has been a teacher for many years. (2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状

19、语连用。如： yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等 ； 而现在完成时则常与 just, already, ever, never 等副词和 these days, this week, since., for./since.ago/ up to now/so far等表示一段时间的状语连用。(3 ) 一般过去时表示过去*个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对 现在 产生的影响。如：He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1998 年参观过*。 ( 只

20、说明去*的时间 ) (4)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：Jill has bought a new puter. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。 ( 着重点是现在有了一台新电脑 ) 看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？Have you seen the film (B)Did you see the film说明 你看过这部电影吗？ (A) 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解； (B) 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B) He lived in

21、Beijing for 8 years.说明 他在住了 8 年。 (A) 句讲的是到目前为止他在住了 8 年，可能还会继续在住下去。 (B) 句讲的是他在住过 8 年，现在不在了。练 习一、抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。-. z.1.be_-_2.e_-_3.go_-_4.do_-_5.have_-_6.drink_-_7.give_-_8. eat_-_9.know_-_10.run_-_11.say_-_12.see_-_13.find_-_14.draw_-_15.get_-_16.hear_-_17.begin_-_18.buy_-_19.leave_-_20 bee_-_21 bre

22、ak_-_22 bring _-_23 build_-_24bite_-_25 catch_-_26 choose_-_27 cut_-_28 fall_-_29 fly_-_30forget_-_31grow_-_32hit_-_33 hurt_-_34 keep_-_35 lend_-_36 lose_-_37 meet_-_38 put_-_39 read_-_40 ring_-_-. z.二、用for 或since填空1. Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years. 2.Ive taken driving lessons _ last month. 3.M

23、y sister has had her cell phone _ a month . 4.My friends havent visited me _ my birthday. 5.We havent used our car _ a long time . 6.She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _ years. 7.Tom has worn glasses _ he was 7 years old. 8.Jill has been in Ireland _ Monday.9. Mr. Jason has been in Paris _ three day

24、s.10. My aunt has lived in Australia_15days.11.Margaret is in her office. She has been there _7 oclock.12. India has been an independent country _ 1974.13.Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty_ many years.14.Mike has been ill _ a long time. He has been in hospital _October.三、改写句子，使原句的意思

25、不变，每空一词。1.The English professor arrived here about a week agoThe English professor _ _ here for about a week .Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago .Her husband _ _ on the farm for three hours .The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here .The French musician

26、 _ _ _ China for a month .He joined the army in 1985 .He _ _ _ the army _ 1985 .He joined the League half a year ago .He has been a League _ _ half a year . The bus left five minutes ago .The bus _ already _ _ for five minutes .The girl bought a new school bag in September .The girl _ _ the school b

27、ag since September .8. The shop closed last winter .The shop _ _ _ since last winter .9. The film began ten minutes ago .The film _ _ _ for ten minutes .10. The dog died two days ago .The dog _ _ _ for two days .11. The meeting ended last _month . The meeting _ _ _ fora month . 四、用have/has been to,

28、have/has gone to填空：1.Where is your brotherHe _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to AmericaYes, I _ New York twice.3. Here you are at last! Where _ you _ I _ London.4. David _ Australia.Im sure hes already arrived.5. Is Benny hereNo, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.五、用所给动

29、词的适当形式填空1.I _(wait) for him for two hours . I am very angry.2.He _ (be) a doctor since he was twenty.3.The film _ (be) on for fifteen minutes. 4. _ you ever _ (read) that book before5. _ you ever _ (try) to change her6.No one _ (arrive) here yet.7. _ the bus _ (leave)yet8.I _ (not talk) to him yet.9

30、. I _ already _ (make) the bed.10. They _ just _ (go). They will be back soon.11. When _ you _(meet) him Last night or this morning12. She _(not e) here recently .13. She _(never see) the man before .14. I _ (meet) him before, but I forget his name.15. It is eleven oclock. He _(not e) back yet.16. H

31、e _(write) five stories so far .17. She _(be) a teacher for ten years , she likes her job very much.18. _she _(call) on you lately 选择题1、Bothhisparentslooksad . Maybethey_whatshappenedtohim .A.knewB.have knownC.must knowD.will know2、Hehas_ beentoShanghai , hashe A.alreadyB.neverC.everD. still3、Haveyo

32、umetMrLi _？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .A. iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、Our country_ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ .A. haschanged ; wellB.changed ; goodC.haschanged ; betterD.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already_

33、in this school for two years .A. was ; studyingB.will ; studyC.has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We _ *iaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl .A. knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice .A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see9、ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates .Really When _ther

34、e A. willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10、_ you _ yourhomeworkyet Yes . I _itamomentago .A.Did ; do ; finishedB.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; havefinishedD.will ; do ; finish11、Hisfather_ thePartysince1978 .A.joinedB.has joinedC.was inD.hasbeenin12、Do you know him well Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A.wereB.have beenC.have beeD. have made13、How long have you_ here About two months .A.beenB.goneC.eD.arrived14、Hurryup! Theplay _ fortenminutes .A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15、It_ tenyearssinceheleftthearmy .A.isB.hasC.willD.was16、MissGreenisn