齐鲁医学Diabetic-retinopathy糖尿病视网膜病变英文

1、The normal structure of the eyeball2021/10/23 星期六12021/10/23 星期六2Terms角膜：corneaCorne/o-,Cornea角膜，Megacornea大角膜，Microcornea小角膜，Kerat/o-,Keratitis角膜炎，Keratomalacia角膜软化症巩膜：scleraScler/o-,Scleritis巩膜炎，Episcleritis表层巩膜炎，Episclera巩膜上层（epi-，beyond something）,epidermis表皮，上皮Epidermal表皮的，外皮的2021/10/23 星期六3虹膜:

2、iris , Irid/o-,Iridotomy虹膜切开术，iridectomy虹膜切除术，iridocyclitis虹膜睫状体炎睫状体：ciliary body脉络膜:choroid , Choroid/o-,choroidal脉络膜的，choroidoretinitis脉络膜视网膜炎视网膜：retin/oretinitis视网膜炎，retinopathy视网膜病变,diabetic retinopathy糖尿病视网膜病变 瞳孔:pupil ,Pupill/o-,pupillomotor瞳孔运动的，pupillometer瞳孔计玻璃体:vitreous , Vitre/o-,vitreous

3、玻璃体的,Vitrectomy玻璃体切除术,Vitreretinal玻璃体视网膜的,Vitreretinopathy玻璃体视网膜病变晶状体：lens视盘：optic disk黄斑:macular视神经：optic nerve中央凹:Fovea2021/10/23 星期六4Diabetic retinopathyDefinition Causes Symptoms Risk factors Tests and diagnosis When to seek medical advice Complications Treatments and drugs Prevention Diabetic r

4、etinopathy 2021/10/23 星期六5DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that results from damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina). 2021/10/23 星期六6causeDiabetic retinopathy can happen to anyone who has type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes

5、. 2021/10/23 星期六7Causes When you have diabetes, your body doesnt use sugar (glucose) properly. 2021/10/23 星期六8CausesIf your blood sugar level is too high, your natural lens may swell which can blur your vision. 2021/10/23 星期六9CausesEventually, too much sugar in your blood can damage the tiny blood v

6、essels (capillaries毛细血管) that nourish the retina. This can result in diabetic retinopathy.capillary ,Capill/o- , n.& adj.毛细管(的)Capillaritis毛细管炎2021/10/23 星期六10Symptoms At first, diabetic retinopathy may cause no symptoms or only mild vision problems.2021/10/23 星期六11Symptoms You can have diabetic ret

7、inopathy and not know it. In fact, symptoms are unusual in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. 2021/10/23 星期六12Symptoms Eventually, however, diabetic retinopathy can result in blindness. In China ,diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in adults. 2021/10/23 星期六13symptomsIn fact,

8、up to 45 percent of adults diagnosed with diabetes in China have some degree of diabetic retinopathy, according to the National Eye Institute. 2021/10/23 星期六14symptomsAnd the longer you have diabetes, the more likely you are to develop diabetic retinopathy. 2021/10/23 星期六15SymptomsDiabetic retinopat

9、hy usually affects both eyes. 2021/10/23 星期六16SymptomsAs the condition progresses, diabetic retinopathy symptoms may include: A) Spots floating in your vision B) Blurred vision C)Dark streaks or a red film that blocks your vision D) Poor night vision E) Vision loss2021/10/23 星期六17Diabetic retinopath

10、y is usually classified as early or advanced.Early diabetic retinopathy. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is the most common type of diabetic retinopathy. It can be described as mild, moderate or severe. NPDR : (Non Prolifertive Dibetic Retinopthy) 非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变2021/10/23 星期六18When you ha

11、ve NPDR, the walls of the blood vessels in your retina weaken. 2021/10/23 星期六19Tiny bulges（凸起） protrude（伸入） from the vessel walls, sometimes leaking or oozing fluid and blood into the retina. These bulges are called microaneurysms. Microaneurysms : 微动脉瘤，微血管瘤2021/10/23 星期六20In the early stages of dia

12、betic retinopathy, the walls of the blood vessels in your retina weaken. Tiny bulges protrude from the vessel walls, sometimes leaking or oozing fluid and blood into the retina. As diabetic retinopathy progresses, new blood vessels may grow and threaten your vision. 2021/10/23 星期六21 As the condition

13、 progresses, the smaller vessels may close entirely and the larger retinal veins may begin to dilate（扩大） and become irregular in diameter（直径）. Nerve fibers in the retina may begin to swell. 2021/10/23 星期六22Sometimes the central part of the retina (macula) begins to swell, too. This is known as macul

14、ar edema. Macula : 黄斑Macular edema ：黄斑水肿2021/10/23 星期六232021/10/23 星期六24termsExtensive ：广泛的，大量的Intraretinal microvascular abnormalitis （IRMA）视网膜内微血管异常Intraretinal : 视网膜内部的Microvascular ：微血管的Cotton wool spots : 棉绒斑Hemorrhage ：出血Roots that means blood：Hemo- ，hema- ,hem-, haemo- ,haema- ,haem-rrhage ,出

15、血，流血Gastrointestinalrrhage 消化道出血2021/10/23 星期六252021/10/23 星期六26Advanced diabetic retinopathy. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the most severe type of diabetic retinopathy. 2021/10/23 星期六27When you have PDR, abnormal blood vessels grow in the retina. 2021/10/23 星期六28Sometimes the new blo

16、od vessels grow or leak into the vitreous (the clear, jelly-like substance that fills the center of your eye ). 玻璃体:vitreous ，Vitre/o-,vitreous玻璃体的,Vitrectomy玻璃体切除术,Jelly-like :胶状的2021/10/23 星期六29Eventually, scar tissue stimulated by the growth of new blood vessels may cause the retina to detach（脱离）

17、 from the back of your eye. 2021/10/23 星期六30If the new blood vessels interfere with the normal flow of fluid out of the eye, pressure may build up in the eyeball. This can damage the optic nerve . (The nerve that carries images from your eye to your brain ). 2021/10/23 星期六312021/10/23 星期六32Periphera

18、l : 外围的，不重要的Peri- ，外围的，周围的Perinatal 围产期的，出生前后的Periportal 门静脉周的，Periarteritis 动脉周围炎，periappendicitis 阑尾周炎2021/10/23 星期六332021/10/23 星期六34Exudative maculopathy : 渗出性黄斑病变Hard exudates :硬渗出物Hard exudates and hemorrhages lateral to macula ：单侧性黄斑硬性渗出和出血 Lateral :侧部的2021/10/23 星期六352021/10/23 星期六36Apparent

19、 ：明显的Quadrant ：象限，四分之一圆Prominent ：显著的2021/10/23 星期六37Risk factors Diabetic retinopathy can happen to anyone who has diabetes. The risk is highest if you: 2021/10/23 星期六38Risk factorsHave poor control of your blood sugar levelHave high blood pressureHave high cholesterolAre pregnantAre black or Hispa

20、nicSmokeHispanic ：西班牙人Cholesterol ：胆固醇2021/10/23 星期六39Risk factorsThe longer you have diabetes, the greater your risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. 2021/10/23 星期六40When to seek medical advice Early detection of diabetic retinopathy is the best way to prevent vision loss:（a）If you have diabetes

21、, see your eye doctor for a yearly dilated eye exam（扩瞳检查） even if your vision seems fine.（b）If you become pregnant, your eye doctor may recommend additional eye exams throughout your pregnancy. (c)Contact your eye doctor right away if you experience sudden vision changes or your vision becomes blurr

22、y, spotty or hazy（模糊或有斑点）. 2021/10/23 星期六41ComplicationsThe abnormal growth of new blood vessels in the retina can lead to serious vision problems: 2021/10/23 星期六42Vitreous hemorrhage. The new blood vessels may bleed into the clear, jelly-like substance that fills the center of your eye（vitreous）. R

23、etinal detachment（视网膜脱离）. This may cause blurred vision, spots floating in your vision or severe vision loss.2021/10/23 星期六43Glaucoma. The new blood vessels may interfere with the normal flow of fluid out of the eye and cause pressure in the eye to build up. Blindness. Eventually, diabetic retinopat

24、hy can lead to complete vision loss. Glaucoma ：青光眼2021/10/23 星期六44Tests and diagnosisDiabetic retinopathy is best diagnosed with a dilated eye exam. During the exam, your eye doctor will look for: Abnormal blood vesselsSwelling, blood or fatty deposits in the retina Damage to the nerve tissueGrowth

25、of new blood vessels and scar tissueBleeding in the vitreousRetinal detachment2021/10/23 星期六45Tests and diagnosisAs part of the eye exam, your doctor may do a retinal photography test called fluorescein angiography. Your doctor also may request an optical coherence tomography (OCT) exam. Fundus fluo

26、rescein angiography (FFA)荧光素眼底血管造影术Fundus 眼底，基底，宫底，Fluorescein 荧光素，angiography 血管造影术2021/10/23 星期六46Fundus hemorrhage 眼底出血Optical coherence tomography （OCT）光学相干断层扫描Coherence 连续性，相关性，一致性Tomography ：X线断层摄影术=laminography2021/10/23 星期六47Treatments Treatment for diabetic retinopathy depends on the type o

27、f diabetic retinopathy you have, its severity and how well it may respond to specific treatments. 2021/10/23 星期六48Early diabetic retinopathy If you have nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, you may not need treatment right away. However, your eye doctor will closely monitor your retina to determin

28、e if you need laser treatment.2021/10/23 星期六49Advanced diabetic retinopathyIf you have proliferative diabetic retinopathy, youll need prompt surgical treatment. Sometimes surgery is recommended for severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, too.Depending on the specific problems with your retina, options may include: 2021/10/23 星期六50Treatments and drugs laser treatmentsurgical treatment. Virtectomy2021/10/23 星期六51Prevention Remember, diabetes