初中英语语法大全及例题解析(精编版)

1、初中英语语法大全及例题名 词表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!一、名词的分类名词类 别意义例词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、 地名、机构、团体等的专有名 称Jim , China, Qingdao, theUK, the Great Wall普 通 名 词可 数 名 词个体 名词表示单个人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat, country集合 名词表示一群人或一些事物的总 称people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不 可 数 名r词物质 名词表示无法

2、分为个体的物质water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象 名词表示抽象概念的词fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care注：1 .专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有 名词前一般不加冠词。2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也有了 变化。eg. beera beer 一杯啤酒， work a work 工厂，著作 ，glassa glass 一个玻璃杯，room空间一a ro

3、om 一个房间二、名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”；复数 形式是在名词后加“-S或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化 及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读音例词一般情况加S在清辅音后 读/s/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在浊辅音或 元音后读/z/boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以 s,x,ch,sh 结 尾的单词加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes,brushes以字母。结尾的单词加s或es/z/

4、zoos, photos, bamboos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以辅音字母+y 结尾的单词去y变i 加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs（1）形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语，后面跟名词。例如：To our surprise, he has passed the exam.（2）名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如：May I use your bike? Mine is at school.（作主语）

5、Whose glasses are these? They are hers.（ 作表语）My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? （作宾语）（3）名词性物主代词可以与of连用，作定语。例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us.反身带词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示：司义我（们）自己你（们）自己他/她/它自己/他们自己单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves（1）反身代词在句中常用宾语，主语或宾语的同位语。

6、例如：Her sister is too young to dress herself.（作宾i吾）He himself is always making such mistakes.（主语同位语） Youd better ask your wife herself.（宾语同位语）（2）反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself help oneself to.,etc指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这，这个那，那个这些那些thisthatthesethose指示代词可

7、在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如：Those are my parents.（ 作主语）Throw it like that.（作表语）The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket.（ 作表语）These pictures are drawn by an old blind man.（ 作定语） 注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西，常用that, those表示。例如：Im sorry to hear that.（2）下文将要提到的事情，可用these, this表示，起启下的作用。例如：Tell the children to do

8、like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom,在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。作主语： What make you so happy?作宾语： Who / Whom is your manager talking with?在口语中，作宾语时who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom. 例如：About whom they are talking just now?作定

9、语： Which subject do you like best?作表语： Whats your mother.相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。常用的有：each other, one another.相互代词可以 作宾语、定语。例如：We should help each other.The villagers have looked after one another these year.相互代词后可以加&表示所有关系。例如：We put the presents in each others stocking.连接代词：用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有

10、： what, which, who, whom whose, that 例如:I know what he said at the meeting.The problem is who will mend it.Could you tell me which is the way to the post office?不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象，常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some any, no 以及由 some, n

11、o, any, every 构成的 复合词。不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语，而none及含有some, an every的合成 代词不能做定语，no和every只能做定语。代词many, few, a few 修饰可数名词，much, little, a little 修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者,all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!This isntpencil case. I leftat home.A. my, mine B. me, my C. I

12、, my D. my, myself解析：此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好 这类题，就必须熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。The English novel is quite easy for you. There arenew words in it.A. a littleB. littleC. a few D. few解析：历年来中考始终将little, a little, few, a few作为一个重要考点，要做好这类题，必 须明确几点：(1) little, a little修饰或代替不可数名词；few, a few修饰或代替可数名词复数。(2)

13、 few, little 一般表示否定意义；a few, a little表示肯定意义。应选D。Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?OK. Im free today and tomorrow.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None解析：此类题主要是针对each, every, both, all, either, neither, none等不定代词的考查。Both指两个人或物；all表示三者或三者以上“都”，它们都表示肯定意义，均与of连用，作 主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，作定语修饰复数名词。all也可代

14、替不可数名词或一个整体, 这时谓语动词用单数形式，either指两者只任何一个，表肯定，表示三者或三者以上中的任 何一个用any, neither是either的否定形式，表示两者都不是。应选A。The population of China is much large thanA. this B.thoseC.itD.that解析：在比较级的句型中，经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词，用those指代可 数名词的复数。选D。5 When shall we meet again?Make itday you like. Ws all the same to me.A. one B.any

15、C.anotherD.all解析：any表示任何一个。选B。He saidat the meeting and just sat there silently.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 解析：此句的意思是“他在会上一言不发，只是静静地坐在那里。”根据句意，应选C。Do you know the ladyis interviewing our headmaster?Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.A. whichB. whoC. whomD. whose解析：先行词指人且在定语从句中作

16、主语，所以应选B。练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!一、用适当的代词填空Helpto some ice cream, girls.He came up with an idea at last, the idea ofwas very good.Hurry, up, therestime left.There is hardlyin the basket, its empty.Lili and Coco dont knowaddress. Lili has never been to Cocos home and Coco hasnever been to Lilys home, either

17、.He isa kind friend thatof us like him.He have two English novels, but he has readof them.I dont like the color of this jacket Could you show meone?You may takeof them, theyre both good.Dont worry.goes well here.二、选择最佳答案填空：These two books are very interesting. You can chooseof them.A. bothB. eachC.

18、eitherD. anyHe hadmilk butbread for breakfast.A. many; fewB. much; littleC. few; muchD. little; manyIs thereyou want to say?A. something elseB. anything elseC. else anythingD. elsesomethingA:are you going to visit?B: I am going to visit the Palace Museum.A. Where B. What C. Why D. WhenOne should kee

19、ppromise.A. ones own B. every C. himself D. herself三、完成句子Theres two apples here, you can take （任意一个）.Lisa has two daughters.（没有一个喜欢）traveling.（所有的）girls like singing.To say is（一回事）,to do is（另一回事）.They keep one black cat and（两只黑的）.He has（许多）money, but he has（没有）friends.Can she speak French? （只会一点）.（他

20、们中很少有人）can talk in Chinese.（没人）has been reached farther than the moon.We looked at（相互）in great surprise.Key: 一、1 .yourselves 2.his 3.no 4.anything 5.each others 6.such,all 7.neither 8.another 9.either lO.everything二、CBBAA三、1 .either 2.neither 3.all 4.one thing, another thing 5.two black ones 6.a lot

21、 of/much, no7.A little 8.Few of them 9. No one /Nobody lO.each other数 词英语数词表示数目或者顺序，可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量， 序数词表示顺序。知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!一、基数词的构成1一12 的基数词是独立的单词，即：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelveo13一19 的基数词以-teen 结尾。如：fourteen, seventeen 等,但 13, 15, 18 较特殊, 13一thirt

22、een 15一fifteen 18 ighteen。2090 的整十位均以ty 结尾。如：sixty, ninety, 120, 30, 40, 50, 80 较特殊, 20一twenty 30thirty 40一forty 50fifty 80eighty o十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号如：28twenty-eight, 96一ninety-sixo百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and,如：148一one hundred and forty-eight 406four hundred and sixohundred （百）,thousand （千），million （百万）,bill

23、ion （十亿）等前面即使有具体的 数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。如：600six hundred, 8百万一eight milliono1000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“，”第一个逗号前为千（thousand）, 第二个逗号前为百万（million）,第三个逗号前为billion （十亿）。英语中无“万”这个词，我 们可以用“几十个千（thousand）表示儿万，“几百个千（thousand） ”表示“几十万”。如：2, 510 = two thousand five hundred and ten； 84, 296 = eight-four thousand two hund

24、red and ninety-six； 274, 350=two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fiftyo二、序数词的构成序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成，例如fourth, tenth/0以下的这些基数 词变为序数词时，有特别之处。l.one first, two second, three third, five fifth, nice ninth, twelve twelfth以 ty 结尾的单词, 要先变 y 为 I,在加-eth.例如:thirty thirtieth, fifty fiftiet

25、h以one, two, three等结尾的多位数词，要将各位数变成序数词。例如：twenty-one twenty-first, one hundred and one one hundred and first注意：序数词前常用定冠词，有时还可以用不定冠词a/an则表示“又一 ”的意思。 例如：Mr Brown has a second car.布朗先生另外还有一辆车。He has tried a second time. 他又尝试了一次。三、数词的应用时刻的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。几点钟”用基数词加oclock。oclock可省略。如：5点钟一five （oclock）.几

26、点过几分 ，W30 分钟用介词 pasto 如：7： 05five past seven； 7： 15fifteen （a quarter) past seven； 7： 30half past seveno“差几分几点”用介词to。如：7： 40一twenty to eight； 7： 45一fifteen (a quarter to eighto日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7： 05seven o five； 7: 15 seven fifteen。年月日的表示：年份用基数词，如：1999 年一nineteen ninety-nine； 1900 年一ninet

27、een hundred； 2000two thousand； 1905一nineteen o five；年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日写作：June 8, 1998；读作：June the eighth, nineteen ninety-eight 或 the eighth of June, nineteen ninety-eighto世纪、年代表示法：(在)90 年代 (in) the nineties(在)19 世纪 (in) the nineteenth century(在)18 世纪 30 年代(in) 1730s 或 1730s编号的表示：Lesson One =th

28、e first lesson 第一课；Bus No. 3 = the No. 3bus 3 路公共汽车；表示住所时不用No.如：302房间一Room 302 (读作：room three o two)；如果编号的数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：Page457第457页；电话号码，用基数词，如：3855633一three eight five five (double five) six three three(double three)。分数的表达：分子用基数词,分母用序数词，分子大于“1”，分母则加“s”。如：1 / 3 one third, 2 / 3two thirds；另夕卜：1 / 2

29、 a(one)half; 1 / 4one fourth 或 a (one) quarter; 3 / 4threefourths 或 three quarterSo half a second; a quarter of a second 四分之一秒表示有小数的词用基数词。5.5 five point five12.135 twelve point one three five表示百分数5%： five percent (per cent), 0.8% zero point eight percent (per cent).表示有小数的词用基数词。5.5 five point five12.

30、135 twelve point one three five其他用法：基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy； 一座 800 米长的桥 an 800-metre-long bridge；女子 400 米接力 girls400-metre relay race。具体数词 + metre (s) / kilometre (s) / kilo (s) long / high / tall / deep / away 等。 如：长江长 6300 公里。The Changjiang River is 6, 300 kilometres long

31、.表示”几十岁”用序数词，eg.在他三十几岁时in his thirties倍数的表达：(一倍用once,两倍用twice,两倍以上用基数词+ timeso如：5倍five times) 例如:He is as tall a boy as I.He is a head taller than I.He is two years older than IChina is four times as large as Europe.I am twice as old as you. (=1 am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.)M

32、y books are twice as many as yours.China is four times larger than Europe.(二China is four times the size of Europe.)I pay twice as much as it was worth.I pay twice as much for the house.例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic.A. Thousand B. Thou

33、sands C. Thousand of D. Thousands ofBoth of the rules are broken. I want to buy aone. TOC o 1-5 h z A. threeB. thirdC. forthD. /. Which is the smallest number of the four?.A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths. Please write down the new words in the text of.A. Lesson Eleven B. the L

34、esson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh解析：1 .基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion等前有具体数字时，它们后面不能加s,若 这些词后面有介词of (几百，成百上千)，thousands of (几千，数千个)，millions of, billions of前不可用数词修饰。但可用many, some, several等修饰。故选答案D.答案：Bo此题主要考查序数词的运用。答案：Co此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时，分母用序数词, 分子用基数词，当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词后要加s.答案：Ao此题主要考查基数

35、词的编号。在通常情况下，名词编号有这几种表示 法：lo事物名词+基数词，且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如：Lesson Eleven； 2o 定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如：No. 6 Middle School练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!选择填空： of people in the world are sending information by E-mail .ever day.A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millionsAboutof the surface of the earthcov

36、ered with water.A. three quarter, is B. three quarters, hasC. three quarters, is D. three quarter, areIt w川 taketime to finish the work.A. one and a half years B. a year and half C. one and a half years D. a year and halfs How long will your stay here ?、For.A. one and two days B. one and two day C.

37、a day or two D. one or two day5 When he moved to Germany in, he was already in.A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties; his sixtiesC. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixtyMy brother lives inonfloor.A. six Room ;secondB. Room six ;the secondC. Room six; two floorD. the room six ; the secondDecember i

38、smonth of the year.A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelveThis took place in the.A. 1940 B. 1940s C. 1940es D. 1940thIt is onlyfrom my home to the train station.A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutess walk D. ten minutes5 walkThere arein this building , I live on.A. nine fl

39、oors ,the ninth floor B. nine floor, the ninth floorC. nine floor , nine floors D.ninth floor,the ninth floorhigher thanhigher thanthe Three Gorges Dams （三峡大坝）should beThe water behind downstream （下游）。B. sixty-fifth meter D. sixty-fifth meters days in a year.A. sixty-five meterC. sixty-five metersTh

40、ere areA. three hundred sixty-fiveB. three hundred and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and sixty -fiveD. two hundreds and sixty-fiveHow many teachers are there in your school?-一., but Im not sure.A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundredThere aredoctors and nurses working hard in that hospital

41、.A. thousandB. two thousandC. two thousands Whats one fourth and a half, do you know?Yes, its.A. two sixthsB. three fourths C. one threeNow children, turn to pageand look at theA. twentieth, one B. twenty, one C. twentieth, firstBoth of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _A. threeB. thirdC.

42、forthDecember is themonth in year.A. twentyB. twelveC. twentieth What is the date today?Its.A. Thursday B. June the sixteenth C. the best dayShe knows a lot about China as she has been to ChinaA. for the forth time B. four times1-5 CCACA 6-10 BCBD 11-15 CCCDAD. two thousands ofD. three sixthpicture

43、in Lesson Two.D. twenty, first_ one.D./D. twelfthD. June fifteenC. a fourth time D. for four times16-20 DBDBB动,swim_词动词是表示动作（study, find, swim等）或状态（be, like, feel等）的词。 动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!动词分类：动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。-）助动词助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，帮助行为动词 组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形

44、式。常见的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall等。具体用法如下：1、助动词be的用法如下：1）构成各种进行时态。如：It was raining all day yesterday.昨天整天下雨。2）构成被动语态。如：The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.会议是昨天下午举行的。3）与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如：They are to see an English film this evening.他们今天晚上看英语电影。2、助动词do的用法如下：1）构成疑问式或否定式。如：Do

45、es he think so?I didnt say anything about the result.2）在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调，意为“的确，确实”。如：They do study hard.She does love him.He did want to help the old man.3、have:助动词have的过去式是hado have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时 态。如：He has lived here for three years.As soon as the sun had set they returned.4、shall, sho

46、uld:助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态；助动词should是shall的过去式, 构成过去将来时o $0 ： I shall send ten letters to my good friend.She wanted to know if I should go to the palace.二）情态动词情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明 句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, should等。 表示能力表示能力一般用 can, couldo 如:Rose can speak now,

47、but she couldnt a week ago.be able to也表示能力,它和can的区别如下:1）表示做事的能力，两者可通用。但can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时。be able to可 用于任何时态。如：She could / was able to eat four pieces of bread when she was young.They will be able to finish the drawing soon.2）表示过去经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to,但在否定句中可互换。 如：She was weak, but was a

48、ble to finish the task last night.can （could）在疑问句中与第二人称连用时，表示征求对方意见或提出请求，表示委婉语气。 虽然could是can的过去式，但是could只是表示比can语气更加委婉客气，没有时间上的 差别。如：-Could you lend me your pen?-Yes, I can.表不许可表示许可一般用may/might, can/could,而且常可互换。Might, could语气比较委婉。要特别 注意：回答以might, could开头的疑问句只能用may, can给予直截了当的回答。-Might/Could I borro

49、w your book?-Yes, you may/can.表示必需、必要must 和 have to 都有“必须,一般情况下可互换。如：You must / have to finish the work. 但他们有如下区别：must表示说话人的主观看法；have to表示客观需要。如：I must have a talk with him.He has to give up smoking because of badly cough.否定式mustnt表示禁止，意为“不准,不可以做;don have to意为“不必”。如：You mustnt hit her.You dont have

50、to explain it to me if you dislike the job.注：表示推测的情态动词有表示“一定”的must,表示“很有可能”的should, ought to和表示 “可能”的can, could, may, mighto具体用法如下：must表示较有把握的推测，只用于肯定句，不能用语否定句或疑问句。用法如下：对目前动作的推测，用must+动词原形。如：You must lose in the mountain.对目前状态的推测,用 must + be + 表语。如：You speak for 4 hours, you must be thirsty. 在肯定句中，表

51、示对现在或将来把握不大的推测用may (might) +动词原形，might比may的可能性更小；对过去把握不大的推测用may (might) have+过去分词。如：The package might come tomorrow.They may have killed the enemies.3、在疑问句中，对现在表示推测用can (could) .+动词原形，对过去表示怀疑则用can (could) .have+过去分词；在否定句中，对现在表示推测用can，t+动词原形，对过去表示推 测用 cant (couldnt) have+过去分词。如：It cant be John. He ha

52、s gone to UK.4、need的双重身份need既可作情态动词又可作实意动词，它们的用法不同，如不注意区分，就容易用错。系动词连词动词的种类联系动词含有一定意义，它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一起构成合成 谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类，而且有自己的特定用法。1 按意义联系动词有:be, appear, seem, keep, remain, continue, stay, prove 等，如：Jim appears very old.2、表示感觉的联系动词有 look, feel, smell, sound, taste 等。如：It smells bad.3、表示转变

53、的联系动词有become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如：She becomes more beautiful than three years ago.行为动词行为动词又称实义动词，它们都含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓 语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。1、及物动词及物动词后一定要跟宾语，意思才能完整。如：My mother told me she wanted to buy some books for me.2、不及物动词不及物动词意义完整，不需带宾语，但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时，必须先加介 词后加宾语。如：He only wor

54、ried about his daughter.二、动词的时态动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、 过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。一般现在时1）一般现在时态的构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。 主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情况+s以s, x, ch, sh 或 o结尾+ es以辅音+y结尾去y变i+es2） 一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）:主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人 称复数以及名

55、词复数I am a student.We/You/ They are students.He/ She is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ like music.Many people like music.I am not a student.We/You/ They are not students.He/ She is not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ dont like music.Many people dont like music.Are you a student.Areyou/theystudents?Is he/

56、she a student?Do you/ they like music?Do many people like music?一般现在时态的用法：现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如：I get up at six every morning.He plays tennis once a week.现在的状态例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.客观真理例如：The earth goes around the sun.常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：often usually sometimes always ever

57、y day never in the morning 等。 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! May I help you, sir?Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it.A. didnt work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work解析：电视虽然是前天买的，但坏了是现在的状态，应该用一般现在时态。选B.the bus until it.A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Dont get off, stops D. Dont g

58、et off, will stop以f或fe结尾 的单词去f或fe 变V加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th结尾的词加s/dz/; /0z/mouths, paths; months, deaths可数名词复数的不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母eg. manmen, woman一women, tooth一teeth, footfeet, goose一geese, mouse-mice单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,.由man和woman构成的合成词，每个名词都要变复数eg.

59、a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacherwomen teachers注意：有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分，在使用时只有复数形式eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数， 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有 复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式，但有其 特殊用法

60、：同一个词，变成复数形式，意义不同。eg. food食物foods各种食物， time时间times时代,green绿色greens青菜有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope hopes 希望 hardship hardships 又艮苦物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, .三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种表示形式，一种是在名词后+0另一 种是用of,表示“的”。(1) 一般词的所有格，直接在词尾 +s。eg. Mr.