高三英语高考一轮复习unit1greatscientists必修五

1、Unit 1 Great Scientists语言要点单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词 汇部 分词语 辨析1. character / characteristic 2. examine / check / test 3. cure / treat4. blame / scold5. reject / refuse词形 变化1. scientific adj.科学的science n.科学scientist n.科学家2. valuable adj.有价值的value n.价值value v.估彳,评价3. instruct v.教导，命令instruction n.指示，用 法

2、说明instructive adj.启益的，教育性 的4. enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的enthusiasm n.狂热，热心enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者重点 单词conclude v.断定， 得出结论；结束（正式）；attend v. vt.出席，参加，照顾，护理，注思vi.专心，留思expose vt.使恭露，受到，使曝光 v揭露absorb vt.吸收;使（精神）贯注;吞并blame n过失，责备vt.责备，谴责instruct vt .教，教导，命令，指示，通知contribute vi . & vt.捐助，捐献，贝献;投稿重点 词组put forward

3、 提出：提议以供考虑in addition/ apart from 除之外;另外make sense启思义重点句子So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets goi

4、ng roundiL .重点语法过去分词做表语和定语（见语法专题）.词语辨析. character/characteristic n.【解释】character性格，品质（本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符characteristic 特点，特征（区另U于其他事物）【练习】选择character或characteristic并用其适当的形式填空He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when heworked with others.People living in the cit

5、y are different from those in the countryside in .What are the that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese?Chinese attract a great number of foreigners all over the world.The main purpose of a play is to let the speak for themselves as much as possible.Keys: 1) character 2) character 3) character

6、istics 4) character 5) character. examine/ check /test 检查【解释】examine仔细察看或观察(以了解情况或是否有问题或毛病)check检查 (含有“校对”或“找错”的意思)test检查，检测(以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准)【练习】选择 check , examine或test,并用其适当的形式填空I was being for a driving license for the third time.The doctor him carefully.The interviewer always her facts b

7、efore sending them to the editor.Keys: 1) tested 2) examined 3) checkscure/ treat 治疗，【解释】cure表示治愈的结果treat表示治疗的过程【练习】选择 cure或treat并用其适当的形式填空After being for such a long time, the wound at last.Keys: 1) treated; curedblame/scold 责备【解释】blame 责备；谴责；归咎于强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚：scold 斥责、“责骂”指大声呵斥，责备，唠唠叨叨地说，

8、常用于长辈对晚辈【练习】Dont it on him, but on me.The parents the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once.Keys: 1) blame 2) scoldedreject /refuse 拒绝【解释】reject后接名词，(含对被抛弃的东西不屑一顾)refuse 后接名词，动名词 ，可表谢绝【练习】选择refuse或reject并用其适当的形式填空The Christian Church his theory, saying it was against Gods idea.I cant s

9、tand working with Jane in the same office. She just to stop talking while she works.Keys: 1) rejected 2) refusesII.词形变化science n,科学scientific adj.科学的scientist n.科学家announce v. 宣布announcement n.宣布announcer n ,广播员，者instruct v.指导，命令instruction n.指导，指示instructive adj.启益的，教育性的enthusiastic adj.热心的， 热情的ent

10、husiasm n.狂热，热心enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者valuable adj.有价值的value n.价值value v.估彳,评价【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空Thetook a veryapproach to.(science)The make a(n) that all the details should through thebroadcast.(announce)It is and easy for the children to read some masterpieces with theat the bottomof eachpage.

11、(instruct)You dont seem very about the idea.” Idont mind,“ she said, without much.(enthusiasm)There is no any criterion towhether it isinformation. (value)keys: 1) scientist; scientific; science 2) announcer; announcement; be announced 3) instructive;instructions4) enthusiastic; enthusiasm 5) value;

12、valuablem.重点词汇conclude vi.终结； 结束；推断； 决定典例The meeting concluded at ten oclock. 会议于十点钟结束。It is hard to conclude.这很难断定。重点用法conclusion n. 结束，结论make/draw/reach/come to/ arrive at a conclusion 下结论，得出结论;bring sth. to a conclusion 使结束；in conclusion作为结论，最后；练习汉译英1）我们推定蓝队无法按时抵达目的地。2）我们认定他并没有告诉我们实情，也就是他在撒谎。Keys

13、:1) We concluded that the blue team could not reach the destination on time. 2) We concluded that he didnt tell us the truth. That is, he was lying.attend v. 1）注意；留意；处理（与to连用户do with2）出席；至ij场：3）照看；照料：=take care; look after典例Well attend to the problem later ,稍后我们将关注那个问题。Which doctor is attending you?

14、哪一个医生为你看病 ？重点用法attendance n . 出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料attend school 上学attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座 / 出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼 /参力口典礼练习汉译英1）他们在我们不在时管理事务。2）他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。Keys: 1） They attended our affairs during our absence. 2） He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans w

15、ill attend his lecture this evening.expose vt.1）使暴露，显露 2）曝光 3）揭露重点用法exposure n.（在日光、风雨、危险中）暴露，暴晒（后接to + n .）;（摄影的）曝光be exposed to :置身于瀑露于 典例A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐This film has been exposed.这片子已经感光。He exposed the plan to the newspapers.

16、他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。Exposure to the cold wind left my lips feeling dry .我暴露在寒风中，觉得嘴唇干裂。As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers. 作为战地记者 ，她置身于多种危险 中.练习用expose的恰当形式填空。The soil was washed away by the flood , bare rock.The baby was left the wind and rain .The of the plot against the Preside

17、nt probably saved his life .Keys: 1） exposing 2） exposed to 3） exposureabsorb1）吸收 2）使（精神）贯注 3）占用（时间）重点用法be absorbed in 全神贯注于；热衷于；absorb one s attention 吸弓I某人注意力典例The equipment can absorb moisture from the air 这设备能从空中吸收水分He is absorbed in study.他专心读书。This job absorbs all of my time.这件工作占用了我的全部时间。练习汉译

18、英1）颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。2）这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用。Keys: 1) Things in colour can often absorb children s attention easily. 2) The new shoes are specially designed to absorb the energy.blame vt.责备；谴责；归咎于；n.责怪；（过失、过错等）责任典例1）The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday那个粗心的司机该为

19、昨天发生的交通事故负责。Who is to blame for the failure?谁该为这次的失败负责 ？The student blamed the teacher for his failure .学生因失败而怪老师。重点用法blame sb. for（doing）sth .因（做）某事而指责某人blame sth . on sb.因某事而指责某人sb. be to blame for（doing）sth .因（做）某事某人应该受到谴责；注意：be to blame应负责（无被动形式）。练习汉译英1）看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了.2）这件事谁也不能怨3）他指责你玩忽职守Keys:

20、1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty.instruct vt 教导；指示典例Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year.刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课.The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans. in English 这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.He was instructed

21、 when to start through the email.他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知He was instructed to sail for New York.他奉命前往纽约。重点用法instruct sb.( in sth.)教,教导，传授技能instruct sb. to do; instruct wh- 命令, 指示, instruct that-clause 通知练习汉译英1)老职工对青年职工言传身教.2)同时要求孩子们放学后留在教室里Keys: 1) The old workers instruct the young workers not only in words,

22、 but by deeds. 2)The children were also instructed not to leave the classroom after class.contribute vi . &vt.捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿典例He contributed to the church .他向教会捐款。He often contributes to this newspaper .他经常向这家报社投稿。Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer . 吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。重点用法contributio

23、n. n. 捐献，贡献；投稿contributeto捐献(投稿)contribute to 促成，起作用，有助于make a contribution to / towards 向捐赠；对作出贡献注意：以上短语中to为介词;练习用contribute的恰当形式或短语填空。Everyone is encouraged to the discussion.Her work has our understanding of this difficult subject.She has poems to literary magazines.Keys: 1) contribute to 2) cont

24、ributed to 3) contributedIV重点词组(旨在提供综合运用所需材料)put forward提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名典例He put forward a new plan yesterday .他昨天提出个新计戈U。May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能否提名你当委员 会主席？短语D3纳put on 穿上； 增力口put on performances 演出put an end to结束；终止put off推迟；延期；put ones heart int

25、o 全神贯注于put down 写下put out生产；扑灭put back放回；送回put up举起；张贴练习用put构成的短语填空：1)You can take anything from the shelf , but please the books when youve finished withthem .2)He often some useful advice.Keys: 1) put back 2) puts forwardapart from 除之外;另外典例Apart from a few faults , he is a perfect teacher .除了几个缺点之

26、外，他是一个很好的老师。Apart from the cost , the dress doesnt suit me .姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。 短语D3纳in addition to除 之外(还有，包括在内)besides除之外(还有，包括在内)except (for)除之外除之外(还有,不包括在内)except that除了除之外(还有，不包括在内)练习选择以上短语填空。As a senior student, we study other subjects English.Your article is well written some spelling mistakes.

27、Keys: 1) besides/ in addition to/apart from 2) except formake sense讲得通；有意义典例What he says makes sense.他说的有道理。Can you make sense of this poem?你能明白这首诗的含义吗？What you say is true in a sense .你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。短语D3纳make no sense 讲不通； 无意义make sense of 了解，明白in a sense就某种意义而言；在某种意义上练习汉译英1)老师试了许多次，但这个长句依然讲不通。2）从某

28、种意义上说，这部影片富含意义。Keys: 1) The teacher tried many times, but the long sentence still could not make sense.The film is full of meaning in a sense.V重点句子(旨在提供句子结构等所需材料)So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去.解释every time可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为 每次，每当immed

29、iately , the moment , directly , instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”典例Every time I meet him , I always think of the things happened between us .每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。Immediately he saw the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend.一见到纸条，他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友。练习汉译英1）每次我去找他，他都在专心看书.2 ）我一见到她就把这本书给了她。3 ）我一见

30、到他就把这封信给他。4）我一接到你的信就来了。Keys: 1) Every time I went to see him, he was absorbed in reading. 2) I gave the book to her the moment I saw her . 3) I will give the letter to him immediately I see him . 4) I came directly I got the letter.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets

31、 in the sky make sense. 只有 当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚.解释Only引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装.练习汉译英1)只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题.2）就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵.Keys: 1) Only in this way, can you deal with the problem easily. 2) Only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.He placed a fixed sun at the cen

32、tre of the solar system with the planets going round it.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转.解释with + 宾语+ v. -ing / v. -ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases 构成的复合结构在句中通常 作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等.典例With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest.在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。She ran and ran with beads of

33、sweat running down her face.她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。练习汉译英1）老师微笑地走进教室，身后还跟着一群小朋友.2）随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了.Keys: 1） With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile.With the test finished, we began our holiday.课文要点（模块）I课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法： TOC o

34、1-5 h z In the times of Queen Victoria, so-called King Cholera hit Londoners, which often 1 （导致）large numbers of 2 （dead）. Thanks to John Snow, a then well known 3,this deadly disease finally got controlled. John Snow thought 4 most important was to find its 5. So he began to gather the information,

35、 for which he made a map, on which hemarked 6 the 7 （受害者）had lived. As a result, he found out that the8（污染）water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies9（检查）immediately. Finally King Cholera 10 （defeat）.答案：1. resulted in 2. deaths 3. doctor 4. the 5. cause 6. whe

36、re 7. victims 8. polluted 9. be examined 10. was defeatedn课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语这篇短文的主要意思是说斯诺找到了一种叫做霍乱疾病的起因，这是 19世纪发生在伦敦 的一种致命的疾病。在斯诺的努力，该疾病终于得到控制。The main idea of thispassage is that答案： The main idea of this passage is that John Snow found out the cause of the dis

37、ease called cholera which was a deadly disease in London in the 19th century. With Snow s great efforts, the disease was finally under control.出课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1【原句John Snow was a well-known doctor in Landon （ and he was） so famous, indeed （插入语）, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the

38、 birth of her babies.模仿要点两个简单句合并成一句，很好地运用了插入语和符号来压缩句子。【模仿1】.张老师是个热心的老师，他那么善良我想当他的学生生病时他一定乐意帮助他们 的。答案： Mr. Zhang is a warm-hearted teacher in our school so kind, I think/ I believe/ I suppose/ Idare say 由入语）,that he is sure to help his students when they are ill.【模仿2】李平是我们班一位用功的学生。他那么勤奋我想晚上不到 11点他不会上

39、床睡觉的。答案：Li Ping is a hard-working boy in my class so diligent, I suppose, that he never goes to bed until 11 at night.2【原句】 Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.模仿要点冒号加that从句【模仿1】虽然她不

40、相信别人说的话，可她所收集的证据得出这样的结论：她的男朋友骗了她。答案：Though she didnt believe what other people said, the evidences that she collected led to the conclusion: that her boy friend cheated her.【模仿2】尽管他很聪明，但他不勤奋。他这学期所经历的失败得出这样的结论：不劳不获答案：Though he was very clever, he didnt work hard and all his failure （ that she experie

41、nced） this term led to the conclusion: that no pains no gains.3【原句 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.模仿要点句子结构：with的复合结构作定语修饰前面的名词。【模仿1】当你步入校园，在你面前是一个种着各种花草的大花坛。在花坛的两边是两个高大 的楼房：左边是教学楼，右边是图书馆。答案： When y

42、ou enter the school, you can see in front of you a big flower bed with various kinds of flowers and grass growing in it and with two large buildings standing on both sides the library on your right and the teaching building on your left.【模仿2】井底之蛙，永远看不到天空的广阔，“好男儿志在四方”，让我们踏歌而行，看高高的灯塔照亮我们远航的路。（with结构作状

43、语）The frog at the bottom of the well is always blind to the extension of the sky.Ambitious menaims far. Lets get started, with the tall lighthouse guiding our long voyage, and with the voice of singing accompanying.单元自测（模块）1.完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 21-30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选 项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字娄t: 212完成时间：1

44、5分钟难度：*Lang Lang went to a piano school in Beijing when he was just eight. Youneed 1, hisfather said. But if you don t work hard, no fortune will come.”What made him sad was that his piano teacher in Beijing didn -yeke-bidnb Ays a nineLang Lang was badly 2 . He decided that he didn t want to be a 3

45、any more. For the next two weeks he didn t touclpithreo.4 , his father didn t push, but waited.Luckily, the day came when his teacher asked him to play some holiday songs. He didn want tto, but as he placed his fingers on the piano key, he 5 that he could show others that he had talent after all.In

46、the 1994 International Young Pianists Competition, when it was 6 that Lang Lang had won, he was too7 to hold back his tears. Soon it was clear that he couldn sttay in Chinaforever he had to play on the world big 8 . In 1997 Lang Lang 9 again, this time to Philadelphia, U. S. There he spent Two years

47、 practicing. After his 10 performance at Chicago s Ravinia Festival, gigs（特邀演出 ）in Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall started pouring in. Lang Lang finally worked to reach the place where fortune spots him, and lets him shine.1. A. exerciseB. fortuneC. knowledgeD. wealth2. A. hurtB. weakenedC. ruinedD

48、. frightened3. A. singerB. pianistC. conductorD. player4. A. HopefullyB. PatientlyC. WiselyD. Painfully5. A. seemedB. admittedC. noticedD. realized6. A. toldB. mentionedC. announcedD. recognized7. A. excitedB. encouragedC.shockedD. satisfied8. A. conceitsB. toursC. competitionsD. stages9. A. started

49、B . leftC. movedD. performed10. A. successfulB. cheerfulC. respectfulD. meaningful答案：本文主要讲述了一位钢琴家成功之路的感人故事。B下文说“如果你不努力，幸运就不会到来”，因此上文是“你需要幸运”。A 上文老师的话伤了朗朗，hurt表示伤了感情或身体，weaken意为减弱，ruin意为毁坏，frighten吓倒，都不符合语境。B受到伤害的直接做法就是不再想做钢琴家了。C朗朗两个星期没练琴，而爸爸没有督促，只是等。下文中讲到了爸爸终于等到了要听的 话，所以爸爸的彳拉法是明智的（wisely）。D 老师的话伤害了他

50、，使他不再练琴，但当他的手再放在琴键上时，他就意识到（realize）他有能力向别人展示他最终还是有天赋的。C 当宣布（announced）朗朗获胜时，他太激动 （excited）忍不住流出泪水。A见第26题解析。D他不能永远呆在中国，他要到世界的大舞台（stage）上演奏。C 1997年，朗朗又搬家了，这次是去了美国。A 由下文的Lincoln Center和Carnegie Hall特邀演出接踵而至，说明他的演出很成功。2.语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。

51、字娄t: 178完成时间：9分钟难度：*In the past, there lived a foolish man in a small kingdom called Zheng. One day he wanted to buy 31 a pair of new shoes. He measured his feet with a ruler first and wrote down his size. 32 he was in such a hurry to set out 33 he left it at home.When he arrived at 34 shoe shop, he

52、 felt in the pocket only 35 (find) that it was not there. So he said apologetically, I have left the measurement at home and dont know the size. Ill fetch it in one minute. 36 these words , he hurried off as fast as his legs could carry him.He ran back home, found it and then to the shop again. But

53、still 37 took him quite a while and the shop was already 38 (close) then. He had gone to all this trouble for nothing and did not get his shoes.Then someone asked him with 39 (curious), “ Did/ou buy the shoes for yourself or someone 40?” Fomyself, of course. he answered. Then why dont you try the sh

54、oes onby yourself? ”答案：himself。反身代词作间接宾语，从后文知道是给他自己买一双新鞋。But。根据上下文逻辑关系这里应该用表示转折的连词。that o引出结果状语从句，与前面 such搭配连用。a。第一次提到该鞋店应该用不定冠词。to find。only与不定式连用，用作结果状语。意为“结果发现”。With。 with these words :说完这些话。it。指代前面他回家取measurement (先前所量脚的尺寸)这件事。closedo过去分词作表语。curiosity o 词形转化，此处应该用名词作介词with的宾语。else。考查else的用法。3.信息

55、匹配阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。以下是世界各地一些大学的简介：John Douglas University- Located in the United States, this small university is well known for its low cost and excellent science education.Oxford University-Located in England, this is one of the worlds oldest and most famous universities. The rich history an

56、d beautiful scenery comes at a high cost, but the quality of the classes is excellent.Brown College- This three year technical school is located in Australia. It s a very modem campus, which opened only two years ago. The courses focus mainly on computers and multimedia.Saint Francis University- Thi

57、s religious university is located in the United States, and asks that all students have a good knowledge of religion and American history. The school isnt the most modern, but it offers scholarships to poor students who wish to study but cant pay.Concordia University-This comprehensive university is popular with students who wish to pursue further studies after having completed their undergraduate work. The campus has more than 25,000 students.Delta College- This online school offers many degree programs through correspondence, so students can work at home on their fr