词句猜测题--重点练--备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破(练习版)

1、优点英语备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破技能 2 词义猜测题解题指导 素养提升题型特点词义猜测题是历年高考必考题型。常见的考查形式有：猜测某个词、短语或句子的含义；推断某个常见的多义词或短语在具体语境下的意思；判断文中的某个代词指代的对象；解释英语中特定的表达（谚语、俚语等）。正确选项特征相应词语的同义词语。2.对相应语句、语块的解释、复述或概括。干扰选项特征对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。半对半错。曲解原意。常见的设问方式有：Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto“.?Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheword“.

2、?Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase/expression“.”referto/mean?Whodoes“.refertointhetext?典例剖析规律技巧1：根据上下文逻辑猜测。要特别注意需猜测词义的词句前后出现的表示因果、转折、对比或递进等逻辑关系的词语。真题典例1 (2021新高考I C篇节选)Whenthe explorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorth America,theskiesandlandswerealivewith anastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmeri

3、canshad takencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswho followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl(水禽)were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of

4、 acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).29.What does the underlined word“decimatemean in the first paragraph? 选项出处A. Acquire. 原文未提B. Export. 原文未提C. Destroy. 一段句D. Distribute. 原文未提路径一 从问（题干）的角度解答一如何得出正解第1步：题干的关键信息为decimat

5、e和the first paragraph。根据理解原文的三大方法，我们回到原文一段句。该句提到，不幸的是，探险者和随后而来的殖民者仅用了几十年时间，就将这些资源中的一大部分decimate.。由本句尚无法得知decimate一词的意思，但由句首的Unfortunately(不幸的是)一词可知，本句与上句之间应为转折关系，故需联系上文。第2步：一段句指出，美洲原住民妥善地保护着这些珍贵的自然资源。由于句与句应形成转折，因此，句中的decimate的释义应与句中的had taken care of(保护)的释义相反。备选项中Destroy(破坏)代人后符合语意，且能够与句中的had taken

6、care of形成对照。C项是对原文的合理推断，同时可排除A、B、D三项。第3步：已由第2步得出正确答案，因此，第3步省略。规律技巧2：根据上下文线索，如打比方、举例子、作比较、下定义等猜测。真题典例2 (20213月天津C篇节选)The poignancy(酸楚)of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise.As I watched him take off his

7、 basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform,I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him,just as our lizard had.Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them.But they had to live with who they were after everything was different.Just like us.I realized tha

8、t we have to learn to leave the past behind.43.The underlined part“leaving behind the layerin Paragraph 8 can be understood as_. 选项出处A.letting go of the past 八段末句B.looking for a new job 八段句C.getting rid of a bad habit 原文未提D.giving up an opportunity 原文未提路径一 从问（题干）的角度解答如何得出正解第1步：题干的关键信息为leaving behind

9、 the layer和Paragraph8。根据理解原文的三大方法，我们可以定位到第八段第2句。该句提到，当作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，看到他离开了不再为他服务的那层(球衣)，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。据此可初步得知作者用蜥蜴蜕皮来比喻乔丹退役，但还无法完全确认答案。第2步：浏览上下文，尤其是首尾句可知此处应是作者看到乔丹放下过去，A项符合语境。第3步：已由第2步得出正确答案，因此，第3步省略。规律技巧3：根据语境判断代词(this,that,it,they,one,which等)或助动词(do,does,did等)的指代对象。仔细分析指代词上下文（就近原则），找最近的名词、短语或句子，以

10、之替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑是否通顺，再比对选项确定最佳答案。真题典例3 (2020新高考I C篇节选)In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about th

11、e disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit,however,ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of

12、 the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,and of the people he meets on his way:Rustam,his translator,a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California,Oleg and Natasha,his hosts in Tashkent,and a string of foreign aid workers.What does the underlined w

13、ord“thatin paragraph 2 refer to? 选项出处Developing a serious mental disease. 一段句Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. 原文未提Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. 一段句Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 一段句路径一 从问（题干）的角度解答一如何得出正解第1步：题干的关键信息为that和Paragraph2。根据理解原文的三大方法，我们可以定位到第2段。根据画线词所在句无法得知that的指代对象。第2步

14、：根据就近原则，that通常指代上文的事物或现象。浏览上文，根据第一段句可知，出于对乌兹别克斯坦这个国家的兴趣，他回到了这里，目的是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。所以画线词that指代上文中提到的“写文章”这件事，故选D项。第3步：已由第2步得出正确答案，因此，第3步省略。路径二 从答（选项）的角度解答如何反向印证，排除干扰项A答案：第l步：根据本项关键词mental disease可定位到第一段句：Tom Bissell因为身体状况令人堪忧和神志不清不得不离开（乌兹别克斯坦）。第2步：画线词上下文提到：这一次的造访可不只是那A么简单，他做的其实更多。因为Chasing the Sea:Lo

15、st Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia这本书讲述的是他从塔什干到卡拉帕尔克斯坦的公路旅行这与“发展成严重的精神疾病”逻辑不通，故排除。第3步：略B答案本项讲述内容无法在原文中获取定位，且原文并未提及Tom Bissell在中亚做导游，故排除。C答案第1步：根据本项关键词volunteer可定位到第一段句：提到Tom Bissell作为志愿者在乌兹别克斯坦教英语。此时无法确定that是指代“做志愿者”。第2步：联系下文，七个月后离开了，出于对C这个国家的兴趣，几年后Tom回到了这里，打算写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章，所以判断此次造访的收获与“

16、做志愿者”相去甚远，故排除。第3步：略D答案第1步：根据本项关键词write an article可定位到第一段句：提到Tom第二次来到乌兹别克斯坦的目的是要写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。第2、3步：联系下文以及本文主旨可知，实际上Tom回到乌兹别克斯坦远不止写一篇文章，他写了一本书叙述其在该国旅行中的见闻，并对这本书进行了简要介绍，所以画线词that指代上文提到的“写文章”，故选D项限时训练 应用体验Passage 1 （2021全国高考真题） I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot a

17、nd Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos dont make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home. Ive got two childrenthe younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us re

18、ally looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasnt worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk. As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around th

19、e house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise theyd get up to mischief. Wed come down in the morning to find theyd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required

20、 to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors. When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they w

21、ere learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs werent there. Im not sad about it. Im hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I

22、do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.1Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?ATo ensure their survival.BTo observe their differences.CTo teach them life skills.DTo let them play with his kids.2What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?ABehave badly.

23、BLose their way.CSleep soundly.DMiss their mom.3What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?ABoring.BTiring.CCostly.DRisky.4Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?AThey frightened the children.BThey became difficult to contain.CThey annoyed the neighbours.D

24、They started fighting each other.Passage 2 （2021北京高考真题）Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected

25、the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”. A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway. The call for public engagement wi

26、th the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking

27、 in flexibility. The international scholars warning letter doesnt say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories(签署者) of the wa

28、rning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the “ecological footprint” concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade

29、, certainly within this century,” Johnson said in an email.“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,” the December warning letter says, “can we have the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all

30、 want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)In the incurable form of hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. “Lets look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the t

31、errible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”5What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AScientific.BCredible.COriginal.DRelevant.6As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is_.AworriedBpuzzledCsurprisedDscared7What ca

32、n we learn from this passage?AThe signatories may change the biophysical limits.BThe author agrees with the message of the poem.CThe issue of collapse is being prioritized.DThe global collapse is well underway.Passage 3 （2021全国高考真题）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North Americ

33、a, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterf

34、owl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act),

35、an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp

36、 was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of e

37、very duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a bi

38、llion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.8What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?ALoss of wetland

39、s.BPopularity of water sports.CPollution of rivers.DArrival of other wild animals.9What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?AAcquire.BExport.CDestroy.DDistribute.10What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?AThe stamp price has gone down.BThe migratory birds have f

40、lown away.CThe hunters have stopped hunting.DThe government has collected money.11Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?AThe Federal Duck Stamp StoryBThe National Wildlife Refuge SystemCThe Benefits of Saving WaterfowlDThe History of Migratory Bird HuntingPassage 4 （2021福建泉州模拟预测） P

41、eople today are not unfamiliar with term such as going eco-friendly and sustainable lifestyle. However, there exists a group of sceptics（怀疑论者）who believe that going eco-friendly is merely a fad（一时的风尚）. I disagree with this viewpoint, Going eco-friendly is not merely a fad and it does, in fact, chang

42、e the beliefs and attitudes of people.The long-term presence of environmental organisations shows the efforts that people have made towards going eco-friendly. Organisations such as World Wildlife Fund advocate people to go eco-friendly. The high involvement of the organisations and the participants

43、 is thus a strong indicator that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad but a trend that can last decades.Another strong indicator is the emergence of sustainable products in many industries, such as organic produce and electric vehicles. The consumer demand, coupled with eco-conscious（环保意识的）busines

44、ses, is behind the sharp increase in such products. This shows a shift in the beliefs and attitudes of people towards adopting a sustainable lifestyle. Thus, it seems quite certain that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad.While some people who broadcast their eco-friendly practices are criticised

45、 for just hoping to project an eco-conscious image, there are a number of celebrities who have been practising the zero-waste lifestyle for years. For those who do so for years, and not mere days or months, it is indeed a commitment that can only come with a true change in beliefs and attitudes towa

46、rds caring for the earth.The call to save the earth looks set to stay. With the development of technology and the appearance of many platforms advocating going green, people are more willing to change their beliefs and attitudes when they can learn about and appreciate the positive impact of the wor

47、k of different environmental organisations and individuals. It is hoped that these effects will go a long way in ensuring that our planet will remain a suitable place to live in.12Why does the author mention World Wildlife Fund?ATo appreciate its environmental efforts.BTo encourage people to go eco-

48、friendly.CTo evidence the universal recognition of going green.DTo highlight the difficulty in changing peoples attitudes.13What does the underlined word emergence mean in paragraph 3?ASudden disappearance.BSharp increase.CGradual development.DLimited application.14What does the author expect of tec

49、hnology development?AIt may discourage people from sustainable lifestyle.BIt may boost the business of organic produce.CIt will be used to project an eco-conscious image.DIt will promote environmental awareness.15What is the authors purpose in writing this text?ATo prove going eco-friendly a lasting

50、 trend.BTo popularize the eco-friendly products.CTo offer strategies to go eco-friendly.DTo advertise for eco-friendly platforms.Passage 5 （2021山东省实验中学模拟预测）Every year around the world some 2. 2 million books are published. For most of these authors the writing process has relatively been unchanged s

51、ince Mark Twains day in the late 19th century. Plot outlines and ideas are written down to be deciphered (解读), developed and refined over time. These days, however, technology is increasingly making the life of an author a little easier. For Michael Green, a novelist, the need to use technology to s

52、implify and streamline the writing process came when he was in the middle of writing his first book. “I had all these documents on the deeper aspects of the world I was creating. I was worried about being able to keep track of it all. Thats when I switched into my more data science-minded approach to solving a complex problem with a lot of different pieces.” The end result was that Mr. Green created Lynit, a digital platform that helps authors visualize, plan and weave (编织) together the various elementssuch as characters, plots, th