2019届中考英语复习第二篇中考语法专项第28课动词的语态基础知识

1、第28课动词的语态课堂突破基本概念语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，用表明主语与谓语动词之间的关 系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作 的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句，谓语动词为被动 语态的句子叫被动句。动词中只有及物动词有被动语态。种类央语动词有两种语态：主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(PassiveVoice)。构成基本结构被动语态的基本结构是：be+动词过去分词，而对于动词的各种时态的被动结构需将被动式与时态的构成式“合一为一”，即将被动语态构成中的be看作时态构成 中的动词，而将其做相应的变化。各种时态的主动式和 被动式见卜表：时态主

2、动式被动式一般现在时动词原形am/is/are+ 动 词过去分词现在进行be+形式am/is/arebeing+动词过去时分词一般将时will/be going to+ 动词原形will/begoingto be+动词过去分词一般过去时动词过去式was/were+ 动 词过去分词过去进行时was/were+形式was/were being+动词过去分词现在完成时have/has+动词过去分词have/has been+动词过去分词过去将时would/was (were) going to+ 动词原形would/was(were) going to be+动词过去 分词过去完成时had+动词过去

3、分词had been+动词过去分词情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+动词过去分词基本用法.不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时用被动语态。如： Letters are collected at eight every morning.信件每天早晨8点被收取。His bie has been stolen.他的自行车已经被偷走了。.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时用被动语态。如：The bag was taen away by his elder sister.刃B个包被他姐姐拿走了。The plan has already been made.计戈 4已经制定好了。.在上下

4、文中，为了使句子间衔接紧密，常用被动语态。如：I havea new motorbie. It was given to me as a birthday present bymy father.我有辆新摩托车。它是父亲作为生日礼物送给我的。.主动语态变为被动语态时，应注意三个方面：(1)把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，若是代词，要变宾格为主格。动语态的(2)把主动语态的谓语动词改为相应的被动语态结构：be+及物动转换词的过去分词，放在主语之后。(3)把主动语态的主语改为“ by+原主语(若是代词，要变主格为宾格)”，放在主谓结构之后。在意思明确时 by短语可以省略。如:Vi e sju；

5、dk English, 上动i/i态）English is spokEn by 向(被动语态)我们讲英语.含有双宾语的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况:(1)把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍留在原的位置。(2)把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to 或 for 。如：He gave the boy an apple. The boy was given an apple by him. 或 An apple was given to the boy by him.他给了这个男孩一个苹果。.若动词短语是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时，要保持其完整 性，介词或副词

6、不可漏掉。如：Wemust tae good care of the young trees. The young trees mustbe taen good care of.我们必须好好照顾这些小树。.主动语态中感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等以及某些使役动词mae, have, let 后须跟省略to的动词不定式作兵语补足语， 改为被动语态时，不定式前要加to。如：Wesaw the children sing that morning. The children were seen to sing that morning.那天早晨我们看见孩子们唱歌了。.有些被动

7、语态结构是习惯用法。如：It is said that.据说 ， It is/was reported that. 据报道 ，It is well-nown that.众所周知，It is believed that.人们都相信 。主动 形式 表不 被动 意义的情 况.某些由及物动词转化而的不及物动词，如 read, write, clean, wash, draw, cut, open, sell 等，常与副词 well, easily, smoothly 等连用，且通常用主动结构表不被动意义。如：The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好用。.动词need, require, w

8、ant, deserve等后接的主动结构表示被动息义，相当于 sth. need (s) /require (s) /want (s) /deserve(s) to be done 。 如：The car needs cleaning.这辆汽车需要清洗了。3.有些动词如coo, print 等，常用主动结构表不被动息义。如： The lunch is cooing.正在做午饭。.某些连系动词如 feel, prove, smell, taste, sound等加上形容词，也可用主动式表示被动意义。如：The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起很美味。. be worth

9、doing意为“值得做”，表示被动含义。如：The boo is worth reading.这本书值得一读。不用被动 语态的 5种情 况.谓语为连系动词时，不用被动语态。如： He loos fine. 他气色 很好。.谓语为不及物动词（短语）时，不用被动语态。如： The war broe out in the end.战争终于爆发了。I happened to meet him there.我碰巧在那儿见到了他。.宾语为动词不定式、形式或从句，表示主语的一些想法、爱好或愿望时，一般不用被动语态。如：He decided to go with us.他决定跟我们一起去。I want to

10、buy a computer.我想买台电脑。.宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同宾语等时，一般不用被动语态。如：We should help each other.我们应该相互帮助。He thins of himself too much.他为自己考虑得太多。We live a happy life here.我们在这儿过着幸福的生活。.宾语表示处所、地点时，一般不用被动语态。如：We will reach the station in two hours.我们两个小时内就到站了。He has gone to London.他去伦敦了。当堂检测一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。(2018。台州)I ha

11、nded in my test paper and the lastquestion (leave) unanswered.You may go fishing if your wor(do).A terrorist attac( happen) at unming RailwayStation, and 29 people (ill ) in the event.Although everyone wants to succeed in what he tries to do, sometimes failure can t (avoid).一 How soon all the wor (f

12、inish ) In a wee.Tell me one thing you re proud of in your junior high school. I was(choose) as captain of the school football team.(give) another tenI will finish the wor if I(2018 诸minutes.二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,每词限用一次。暨中考模拟）among mad two my separateAlthough Jane s schoolbag is very nice, I still prefer

13、.Tom is such a lay boy that he eercises only a year.Nowadays, manystudents are from each other by iPads.Heart trouble is the most serious reason of death old people.Howstrange he is!Maybe he is the man Ihave ever seen.三、任务型阅读。（2018 湖州市南涛区中考模拟）下面是Maria的一封求职信。假设你是经理 Mr. Green,请根据求职信内容，完成Maria的应聘条件分析图（

14、每空限填一词）。Dear Mr. Green,I amattracted by your advertisement （广告） and I would lie to wor with you from July to September.I am a 19-year-old Portuguese （葡萄牙的） student and now I am studying at Porto University, in the north of Portugal. I have studied English since I was 8 years old, so I can spea Engli

15、sh very well. I have been to England twice where I attended two summer courses.I feel I would be suitable（合适的） for the job. I love childrenand I am good at playing with them. So I am popular with the children. Besides, I love sports and I eercise every day, so I can tae part in any sports activities

16、.I have somewor eperience and have already done a few part-time jobs during summer holidays. Last summer I wored in a primary school to tae care of school children while some teachers were on holiday. I also babysit for my neighbors when they need help.I am looing forward to your reply.Yours,Maria GonalesA PortiiueseBasicinfbrniation19 years oldWorkini iti a pri- uuirx mIhkjJ duriti snTimer linliiLiysOften helps to babysit for her n