高考英语二轮考点复习讲义阅读理解低碳生活与全球变暖

1、2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义：阅读理解-低碳生活与全球变暖话题探究偲做生活这个话题是近几年一个重要热点话题，因此在我力的许多考试种此类话题也 成了重要考查内容.低碳生活是指生活作息时所耗用的能量要尽力减少, 从而遍低二氧化碳的排放量,2Q0多年来，随着工业化进程的深八，大量温室气体，主要是 二氧化碳的排出，使全球气温升高，气候发生变化，这已是不争的事实.2。的年12月E日， 世界气象组织提前公布的2019年全球气候状况报告指出，近IL年是有记录以来全球最热 的10年.此外，全球变暖也使得南极冰川开始融化，进而导致海平面升高.哥本哈根气候 变化峰会自在2009年12月7日开幕以来.就被冠以有

2、史以来最重要的会期改变地球命运的会议萼各种重量级头衔.低魂生活，对于我们普通人来说是一种态度，而不是能力， 我们应该积极提倡并去实践低碳生活，注意节电、节油、节气，从点滴敢起.但关心侄球气 候变暖的人们却把减少二氧化碳实实在在地带入了生活.作为高中生，我们也肩导同学们墟 低碳生活、过节约生活、做有责任感的公民，引导学生从出行、购物、用水、家电和警具使 用方面反省自己的生活方式，成为真正的低碳一族.在提倡健康士活已成潮流的今天，低 碳生活不再只是一种理想.更是一种值得期待的新的生活方式.我们应该积极提倡并去实践低碳生活，要注意节电、节气、熄灯一小时从这些点滴做起。从近近几年的试题中，我们发现这些

3、话题的题目有一些特点：.多数属于议论题材，作者提出观点，然后进行论证，引起人们的共鸣。.有很多也属于新闻报道类，体现当今社会、政府对低炭排放政策的关注。.温室效应带来的地球变暖话题。.二氧化碳的高排放量对人类环境造成的危害话题。.低炭生活的表现的方面，和为此进行的一些改进措施、发明等等。.提倡全社会都来进行低炭生活的倡导文章。,链接局考链接1 .（2012四川卷）Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted （预测）in reaction toclimate change, which could have long damagin

4、g effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global waning is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide （CO,） in the air from burning coal and oil can have aneffect on how plants produce oxygen, w

5、hile higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.Predicting species reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology, said the researchers of several U. S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to

6、 climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies andexperiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated （低估）the speed of flowering

7、 by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance一for both leafing and flowering - that results from temperature increases, the studysaid.The design of future experiments may need to be improved lo belter predict how plants will react t

8、o climate change, it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis（光合作用）to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. Theylet out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the worlds average tempera

9、ture has risen by about 0. 8A since 1900, and nearly 0.2X. every ten years since 1979.So far, efforts to cut emissions （排放）of planet-warming greenhouse gases arenot seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 . C this century - a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable

10、 climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?Plants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientis

11、ts expectation.Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.W can learn from the study published on the Nature website thatplants flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingthere are 1,634 plant species on the four continent

12、sscientists should improve the design of the experimentsthe experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate changeScientists pay special attention to the study of plants because.they can prove the climate change clearlythey are very important in the food chainsthey play a leading role in r

13、educing global warmingthey are growing and flowering much faster than beforeWhat can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds temperature? A. It has risen nearly 0.2C since 1979Its change will lead to weather extremes.It is 0.8C higher in 1979 than that of 1900.It needs to be contro

14、lled within in this century.【考点】环境保护一科普文【文章大意】花儿比以前开得更快了，这远远超越了科学家的预言。全球变暖已经成了我们必须面对的一个事实，由此而导致的异常天气也不再是科学杂志_L的新闻了.太可怕了！5一【答案】B【成题解析】细节理解题.根据文章第一句前半句；Plants are fov.-ering faster tlian /.ists predicted （预测in reacrion to cJniate change 可知答案 B 符合文意.招.【答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题-根据第五段It found thax som? experiment

15、s riad underestitnared 低 估the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 time和第七般 The design of fiiture experiments may need to be improved lo belter preset how plants N二 rear: to clmate change, it 福社可以推知，答案C符合文意, 即：科学实验的模式已经落后了事情的现实发展，故应该 改善n59“答案】B【试题解析】细节理解题.根据文章倒数第三盘的开头工Plants are neceiiar

16、:.- for life on the Earth They ar? ths bae of ths food chain, using phoco-Tithesis （光合作用）to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and,凯式可知答案B符合文意口60.【答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题口根据文章的最后两段，我们看到全球其他温室排放所导致全球 气温升高，继而导致严重的、异常的天气变化，由此可以推断出，本世纪这种气温升高的情 而一定要得以控制才行.故答案D符合文意.【难度】一般长难句解析】So far： efforts to cut emissions 排放of

17、 planet-wmin5 greens 、- gases are not seen. as enough to prent th? Earth heating up bevond 2 C this cnrur - a pomt sciemr: sav wil； bring the danger of a changeable cjmate in 言此由earlier extretii： are commoii fading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea ：ei旌目前为止，够少导致地球澧暖的温室气体排 放的努力并没有阻止地球本

18、世纪升高二摄氏度的事实.科学家们这个点将会给全球变化的气 候带来危险，极端天气已经很普遍了，如：干旱、洪涝，农作物减产以及海平面升高等等. in vich=vhere引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词a changeable cjmatf.leading to现在分词做结果状语，和句子主语 a point逻辑上构成主谓关系。链接2.（2012浙江卷）Easter（复活节 ）is still a great day for worship, randy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year

19、 it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures arc having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.Take the Lower Keys March rabbit, for instance. An e

20、ndangered species that livesin the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer- it liveson the islands! but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0. 6 meters will se

21、nd these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat （ 栖息地）completely.The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover

22、 from predators（捕食者） .As the number of dayswith snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies arc being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the numb

23、er of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be t

24、he firs of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7-8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate （迁徙）to higher ground - but theyalready occupy the mountaintops. They cant go any hig

25、her. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat beats up.The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has

26、already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the sma

27、llest rabbits in the world. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators, but less

28、er snowfall is leaving them exposed.All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter. 41 The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to. A. show the importance of Easter Day B. introduce the issue about bunnies C. remind people of Easter tradi

29、tions D. discuss the relationship between Easter and bunniesThe word culprit （ Paragraph 2） is closest in meaning to.A. criminal B. judgeC. victimD. producerAccording to the passage, some rabbits can now be easily Uncovered by predators because theyare exposed lo more skillful huntershave moved to h

30、abitats with fewer plantshavent adapted themselves to climate changecant change their fur color into white in the fall and the springThe problem faced by volcano rabbets and rock rabbits is that.A. both are affected by less snowB. both are affected by rising sea levelsC neither can find enough food0

31、. neither can migrate to higher places45 Which best describes the writers tone in the postage?A. Approving.B. Concerned. C. Enthusiastic. D. Doubtful.【考点】日常生活类一环境话题小品文【文章大意】每年复活节可爱兔子给大家带来了多少欢乐，然而随着全球温暖趋势的加剧， 这种给我们带来的喻悦兔子也不可避免地受到了一定的直响.不同的将来，复活节上兔子的 服饰也会因此而有所变化.41【答案】B【试题解析】目的意图题,根据第一枭在全文中的作用可以看出，本国王

32、要目的是导入 主题，即工关于兔子的问题.42【答案】A1试题解析】词义猜测题口根据文章第一段最后一句后半句：bu: ?ry ear it a bit worse for hunn心一和第二段的第一句：And no, nor because the ki由:丘 to pull eir tars.可知 答案&罪过，符合文意.43【答案】C【试题解析】细节理解题-根据第三盘的整体理解和倒数第二句bur v/aether the rabbit v/l； be心上 to adapt quick enough to survive is a big qu-tim的总结，可知答某 C 符合又意口44“答案】

33、D【试题解析】细节理解题电根据文章倒数第三段的第三句they V.ou：dnatura二y migrat; 迁徙j to higher ground - bitt they steady occupy mountaintop哀 They 匚也：go arr, higher和倍J薮第 二段第二句的后半部分bm ther? are net suitable plan:s for them to move也的之匚可知，枚誓案D 符合文意.45【答案】B【试题解析】作者态度题.根据文章的整体理解，可知推断出作者对龟子这一问题很是关切concerned b故答案E符合文意.Approfkig赞同Kh E

34、nhum回太热情的；Doub:配质疑的， 均不符合百境，故排除.【难度】一般【长难句解析】Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertimeto brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators（捕食者）。大多数这种兔子会把冬天时的白色皮毛变成夏季的棕色，每一种颜色的变化是为了让 他们更好地避免捕食者的发现。Designed是非谓语，与其逻辑主语each构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。此外由于ea

35、ch和句子主语 most of these rabbits 不是同一事物，因此这种非谓语结构在语法上被称之为独立主格结构。专项训练 Britain s largest companies are promising to offer greener products and invest in research and technology as part of a wider push to reduce carbon emissions .Eighteen of Britains top companies, including carmakers, airlines, retailers

36、 and banks, are publishing a report on Monday, in which they promise to develop new products and services that allow customers to cut their carbon emissions. The report is also intended to send a message to companies around the world to make fighting climate change a higher priority.This requires ur

37、gent action, and the sooner we do it, the better and the cheaper it will be, said Ben Verwaayen, chief executive of BT and chairman of the task force group that produced the report. It s members employ two million people worldwideand have more than 1 trillion in income.The report is a result of Brit

38、ish businesses addressing issues raised by theStern Review , a study commissioned by the British government and published last year on the economic impact of global warming . The review , led by the government s top economist, Nicholas Stern ,concluded that spending about one percent of global gross

39、 product in reducing emissions today would avoid having to spend about five to twenty percent-in the future.Monday s report says that the responsibility to cut emissions lies with consumers, who through their purchases contribute to sixty percent of Britain s emissions, with companies , which can cu

40、t emissions by offering greener products, and with the government , which should use tax cuts as a great encouragement for consumers to cut emissions.The underlined word “urgent in the third paragraph can be replaced by ”. A. extreme B. important C. immediate D. unbelievableFrom the passage , we can

41、 learn that.Britains largest companies want to prevent global warmingreducing carbon emissions has nothing to do with consumerscarmakers don t want to reduce carbon emissionsBen Verwaayen thinks it unnecessary to reduce carbon emissions3.According to the passage, which of the following statements ab

42、out Nicholas Stem is TRUE?He is one of the best economists in the British Government .He is the author of the famous book Stern, Review.He suggests spending ten percent of global gross products in reducing emissions.he is the first person in Britain to call on people to reduce emissions.Where is thi

43、s passage most probably taken from ? A. Novel B. Instruction C. Newspaper D. AdvertisementWhat should be the best title of this passage ?A. The sooner, the cheaper. B. British firms urge action on climate change.C. A report on global warming.D. How to reduce carbon emissions.The d苫七力pwd world 由oid t

44、ake responsibilitL for climate ch七一rather Lan onX ;.omt out that Chinas greenhouse gai emissions are 口即口g： Chinese Foreign Minister Yang J3echi said at a press conference.Yana told reporters tliat China s d- aMta emission of gr亡unhouseis less an onf thirdthe av之ra养 of developed countne；. There is on

45、e person who eats 二:ltue pieces cf bt jd for breakfast and th& are three people, ach of whom eats only one piece. Whj should be on a diet? he said. If per capita energy burmng up is necessar- according to :he pnnciple that people ar; all bom equal, en 1 don t think some peopls are1 right in ulkmg ab

46、nut the large tmissions of Clhna. as if they ha-e the moral high ground.China1 s greenhouse gas output h” increased in recent years ai its largely co al-powered economy has expanded at a speed of mor; than trn perc;nt: and it new is toget? with e Vailed States the world-s biggest emitter.China has a

47、 population of more than 1.3 billion people, compared with around300 million in the United States.China s emission of greenhouse gases is large.This is because China has the largest population in the world, but China s per capita emission level is very low,“ Yang said. He also repeated China s long

48、-held opinion that developed countries are mainly responsible for the climate change problem.“Climate chang e is mainly due to the long-term emissions by developed countries in the past and their current high per capita level of emissions, Yang said.Yang also pointed out that a large part of China s

49、 emissions was the resultof products that finally are bought by consumers in Western countries, leading to what he named atransferemission .I hope when people use high -quality andinexpensive Chinese products, they will also remember that China is under increasing pressure of transfer emission, he s

50、aid.What is Yang Jiechi s opinion about greenhouse gas emissions?China should be the first to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.The developed world should reduce greenhouse gas emissions.The developing vorld needn-t reduce greenhouse gas emiiiions.D Developing countriei should reduce their popuLaaon.工

51、 The underined word -per capita in the second paragraph can bf rep；ictd by :A. average B. private C. public D. socialAccording to Yang Jiechi: e mam reason for cdtnats change is thatChina-s laxg&ly coal-poweied economy lias uipandedthe world-s population is becoming larger and largerdeveloped countr

52、ies a huge amoiuit of greenhouie gasesthern are more cars, trucks and factories in the worldV*haT can we learn about China from the passage?A, Its products are mainly exponed to Asia and Africa.B Its per capita ttnission level is the lowest in the v/orliIrs popul3：ion as three times as aj that of th

53、e US.Its coaL-powered indusTr- is deve；oping fast.This passage probably taken from.A. text book B. tra el book C. magazine D.CEnvironment ministers from 180 countries will start trying to rescue the Kyoto treaty on global warming shortly. They join their officials who have been meeting all the week

54、in the German city of Bonn.The 1997 Kyoto agreement commits industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions . The protocol（ 议定书）was undermined in a major way in March when US President George W. Bush said it would weaken Americas economy.Its BeethoVen who overlooks the town square here a

55、nd its unlikelythat hellhave to give up his place to an monument celebrating a conference, which will stop global warming. Ministers from over 180 countries have already agreed to global cuts in emissions of greenhouse gasses five percent below the 1990 levels. But here they must decide how this wil

56、l be achieved, Since George Bush pulled out of the deal, the argument is between Japan and Europe. The Japanese Want flexible roles allowing them to plant more trees in place of steep cuts in pollution and weaker penalties for missing targets. Europe doesnt like it, but really wants a deal.Jan Pronk

57、, Conference Chairman, Said, When I came to Bonn, I was a bit pessimistic, given many political statements, which were madeduring the last couple of weeks, that perhaps it would not be possible to reach an agreement. However, I have the impression that it is possible to reach a result. If all the co

58、untries gathering here fail to reach an agreement in the next few days, it wont be the end of Kyoto, but it will be a failure, a failure to put national differences aside to resolve a problem, which the whole world, even the Americans agree, is a growing the threat to our planet.The main purpose of

59、the text is to tell usthe whole world is concerned about warming globalan argument between Japan and Europe about the issue of pollutionthe race is on to save Kyoto climate treatycountries have different attitudes towards Kyoto treatyFrom the first two paragraphs, we know that.the officials from 180

60、 countries have stayed in Bonn for several weeksAmerican broke the agreement by polluting the oceansthe 1997 Kyoto treaty asked all the countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions D. the environment ministers from 180 countries will meet in Bonn to rescue theKyoto treaty on global warmingFrom the t