利用Nginx替代apache实现高性能的Web环境

1、.：.；利用Nginx替代apache实现高性能的Web环境利用Nginx替代apache实现高性能的Web环境Nginx引见:Nginx发音为engine x，是由俄罗斯人Igor Sysoev建立的工程,基于BSD答应。听说他当初是F5的成员之一，英文主页： HYPERLINK t _blank 。俄罗斯的一些大网站曾经运用它超越两年多了， 不断表现非凡,置信想了解nginx的朋友都读过阿叶大哥的利用nginx实现负载平衡的文章相关链接见(六)。测试环境:红动中国(redocn)提供运营效力器环境.关于红动效力环境:红动中国在早期利用apache环境，再加上一些优化的任务，不断是相对很稳定

2、，但是最近由于网站开展，访问量越来越大，在线人数一多经常出现，负载过高，性能急剧下降，经过双木站长的赞同，思索能否能利用nginx来替代apache，经过长时间的察看目前nginx任务很稳定，系统也不会再说现高负载的情况，占用内存也很低,访问速率从用户体验来看明显有提升.关于红动中国:红动中国redocn)论坛经过近1年的快速开展，目前日均页面访问量超越100万，位居全球设计论坛(中文)第1位，是国内最具影响力的设计论坛之一。目前论坛拥有近20万会员，包括众多设计界领军人物在内的行业中坚力量、相关艺术院校师生以及部分设计喜好者等。迁移目的:实现网站论坛静态化，防盗链，下载并发数和速率限制,实现

3、原站apache所具有的一切功能,将原apache环境下的站点全部迁移到Nginx一.PHP(Fastcgi)编译安装rootatt php-5.2.4# cat in.sh./configure prefix=/usr/local/php-fcgi enable-fastcgi enable-discard-path enable-force-cgi-redirect with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fcgi/etc enable-zend-multibyte with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql with-libxml-dir=/

4、usr/local/libxml2 with-gd=/usr/local/gd2 with-jpeg-dir with-png-dir with-bz2 with-freetype-dir with-iconv-dir with-zlib-dir with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt enable-sysvsem enable-inline-optimization enable-soap enable-gd-native-ttf enable-ftp enable-mbstring enable-ex

5、if disable-debug disable-ipv6makemake installcp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php-fcgi/etc/php.ini复制代码注:关于如何安装gd库，mysql的编译安装，本文将不引见，本文重点在于引见nginx的安装与配置，如想了解其它相关的问题可以到LinuxPk去找相关的贴子( HYPERLINK bbs.linuxpk t _blank bbs.linuxpk)二.Nginx编译安装1.创建nginx运转用户和虚拟主机目录groupadd www -g 48useradd -u 48 -g www wwwmkdir -p

6、 /data/www/wwwrootchown -R www:www /data/www/wwwroot复制代码2.安装lighttpd中附带的spawn-fcgi，用来启动php-cgi先编译安装lighttpd产生spawn-fcgi二进制文件.cd /usr/local/src/lighttpd-1.4.18 HYPERLINK knowsky/ t _blank knowsky/cp src/spawn-fcgi /usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/复制代码启动php-cgi进程，监听的8085端口，进程数为250假设效力器内存小于3GB，可以只开启25个进程，用户为www

7、：/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/spawn-fcgi -a -p 8085 -C 250 -u www -f /usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-cgi3.nginx的安装与配置安装Nginx所需的pcre库： HYPERLINK /exim/pcre/pcre-7.3.tar.gz t _blank /exim/pcre/pcre-7.3.tar.gz tar zxvf pcre-7.2.tar.gzcd pcre-7.2/./configuremake & make installcd ./ HYPERLINK sysoev.ru/nginx/ngin

8、x-0.5.32.tar.gz t _blank sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.5.32.tar.gztar zxvf nginx-0.5.32.tar.gzcd nginx-0.5.32./configure user=www group=www prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ with-http_stub_status_module with-openssl=/usr/local/opensslmake & make install复制代码此模块非中心模块，需求在编译的时候手动添加编译参数 with-http_stub_status_module配置ng

9、inx三.Nginx主配置文件及PHP支持.1.nginx.conf 主配置文件的配置#cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/#cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.cao#cat /dev/null nginx.conf#vi nginx.conf /主配置文件user www www;worker_processes 10;#error_log logs/error.log;#error_log logs/error.log notice;#error_log logs/error.log info;pid /var/run/nginx.pid;#Specifies

10、 the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;eventsuse epoll;#maxclient = worker_processes * worker_connections / cpu_numberworker_connections 51200;include conf/mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;log_format main $remote_addr - $

11、remote_user $time_local $request $status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer $http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for;#access_log /data/www/logs/access.log main;#sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;tcp_nodelay off;keepalive_timeout 60;client_header_timeout 3m;client_body_timeout 3m;send_timeout 3m;connection_pool_si

12、ze 256;client_header_buffer_size 1k;large_client_header_buffers 4 2k;request_pool_size 4k;output_buffers 4 32k;postpone_output 1460;client_max_body_size 10m;client_body_buffer_size 256k;client_body_temp_path /dev/shm/client_body_temp;proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;fastcgi_temp_path /usr

13、/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;#gzipgzip on;gzip_http_version 1.0;gzip_comp_level 2;gzip_proxied any;gzip_types text/plain text/html text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml rss text/javascript;gzip_min_length 1100;gzip_buffers 4 8k;# The following includes are specified

14、 for virtual hosts /以下是加载虚拟主机配置.# HYPERLINK do-itnet.tk/blog/redocn t _blank redocninclude conf/vhosts/www_redocn_com.conf;#bbs.redocninclude conf/vhosts/bbs_redocn_com.conf;#blog.redocninclude conf/vhosts/blog_redocn_com.conf;#down.redocninclude conf/vhosts/down_redocn_com.conf;复制代码2.配置支持Fastcgi方式的

15、PHProotredocn conf# cat enable_php5.conffastcgi_pass :8085;fastcgi_index index.php;fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;#new ac upload#fastcgi_pass_request_body off;#client_body_in_file_only clean;#fastcgi_param REQUEST_BODY_FILE $request_body_file;#fastcgi_par

16、am QUERY_STRING $query_string;fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $

17、request_uri;fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;f

18、astcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;# PHP only, required if PHP was built with enable-force-cgi-redirectfastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;复制代码四，多虚拟主机运用配置案例.#mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts /建立虚拟主机配置存放目录.1.redocn /首站配置rootredocn vhosts#vi www_redocn_com.confserverlisten 80;server_name redocn;ind

19、ex index.html index.htm index.php;root /data/www/wwwroot;error_page 404 HYPERLINK bbs.redocn t _blank bbs.redocn;rewrite /bbs/(.*) HYPERLINK bbs.redocn/ t _blank bbs.redocn/$1;location .*.php?$include conf/enable_php5.conf;复制代码注: 关于rewite需求,红动中国希望当用户访问 HYPERLINK redocn/bbs t _blank redocn/bbs的时候自动转至

20、 HYPERLINK bbs.redocn t _blank bbs.redocn在原apache中利用redirect实现 Redirect /bbs HYPERLINK bbs.redocn t _blank bbs.redocn本文中在nginx下利用rewrite实现:rewrite /bbs/(.*) HYPERLINK bbs.redocn/ t _blank bbs.redocn/$1;2.rootredocn vhosts vi bbs_redocn_com.confserverlisten 80;server_name bbs.redocn yan.redocn majia.

21、redocn wt.redocn;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /home/www/htdocs/bbs;access_log /var/log/nginx/access_bbs.redocn.log combined;location / #bbs rewriterewrite /archiver/(fid|tid)-w- .html)$ /archiver/index.php?$1 last;rewrite /forum-(0-9 )-(0-9 ).html$ /forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2 last;

22、rewrite /thread-(0-9 )-(0-9 )-(0-9 ).html$ /viewthread.php?tid=$1&extra=page=$3&page=$2 last;rewrite /space-(username|uid)-(. ).html$ /space.php?$1=$2 last;rewrite /tag-(. ).html$ /tag.php?name=$1 last;break;#errorerror_page 404 /index.php;#redirect server error pages to the static page /50 x.htmler

23、ror_page 500 502 503 504 /50 x.html;location = /50 x.html root html;#Preventing hot linking of images and other file typeslocation * . .(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip)$ valid_referers none blocked server_names*.redocn redocn *.taobao taobaobbs.blueidea bbs.asiaci bbs.arting365 forum.chinavisual softbb

24、s.pconlinebbs.chinaddu bbs.photops *.baidu *.google *.google *.soso *.yahoo*.yahoo;if ($invalid_referer) rewrite / HYPERLINK redocn/images/redocn.gif t _blank redocn/images/redocn.gif;#return 403;#support phplocation .*.php?$include conf/enable_php5.conf;复制代码注:1.红动中国采用高性能的Discuz!论坛，原apache的rewrite规那

25、么几乎不要做什么修正即可全部移植到nginx下.静态化配置见面上面的:#bbs rewrite部分.2.普通论坛都希望实现防盗链功能，在apache很轻松实现？在nginx下能否容易实现呢？答案是一定的. #Preventing hot linking of images and other file typesvalid_referers none blocked server_names *.redocn redocn 他允许衔接的网址;if ($invalid_referer) rewrite / HYPERLINK redocn/images/redocn.gif t _blank r

26、edocn/images/redocn.gif; /让他人盗链时显示他指定的图片.#return 403;复制代码3.blog.redocnrootredocn vhosts#vi blog_redocn_com.confserverlisten 80;server_name blog.redocn;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /data/www/wwwroot/blog;error_page 404 HYPERLINK bbs.redocn t _blank bbs.redocn;#supsite rewriterewrite (0-9

27、 )/spacelist(.*)$ index.php?$1/action_spacelist$2;rewrite (0-9 )/viewspace_(. )$ index.php?$1/action_viewspace_itemid_$2;rewrite (0-9 )/viewbbs_(. )$ index.php?$1/action_viewbbs_tid_$2;rewrite (0-9 )/(.*)$ index.php?$1/$2;rewrite (0-9 )$ index.php?$1;rewrite action_(. )$ index.php?action_$1;rewrite

28、category_(. )$ index.php?action_category_catid_$1;rewrite itemlist_(. )$ index.php?action_itemlist_catid_$1;rewrite viewnews_(. )$ index.php?action_viewnews_itemid_$1;rewrite viewthread_(. )$ index.php?action_viewthread_tid_$1;rewrite index(.a-zA-Z0-9*)$ index.php;rewrite html/(0-9 )/viewnews_itemid

29、_(0-9 ).html$ index.php?action_viewnews_itemid_$2;rewrite /(0-9 )/spacelist(. )$ /index.php?uid/$1/action/spacelist/type$2;rewrite /(0-9 )/viewspace(. )$ /index.php?uid/$1/action/viewspace/itemid$2;rewrite /(0-9 )/viewbbs(. )$ /index.php?uid/$1/action/viewbbs/tid$2;rewrite /(0-9 )/(.*)$ /index.php?u

30、id/$1/$2;rewrite /(0-9 )$ /index.php?uid/$1;rewrite /action(. )$ /index.php?action$1;rewrite /category(. )$ /index.php?action/category/catid$1;rewrite /viewnews(. )$ /index.php?action/viewnews/itemid$1;rewrite /viewthread(. )$ /index.php?action/viewthread/tid$1;rewrite /mygroup(. )$ /index.php?actio

31、n/mygroup/gid$1;location .*.php?$include conf/enable_php5.conf;复制代码注:blog采用功能强大的Supesite作为Blog站点: HYPERLINK supesite/ t _blank supesite/1.Blog如何在Nginx里实现静态化，详细设置见，上面的#supesite rewrite4.down.redocnrootredocn vhosts# vi down_redocn_com.conflimit_zone one $binary_remote_addr 10m;serverlisten 80;server_

32、name down.redocn;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /data/www/wwwroot/down;error_page 404 /index.php;# redirect server error pages to the static page /50 x.htmlerror_page 500 502 503 504 /50 x.html;location = /50 x.html root html;#Zone limitlocation / limit_conn one 1;limit_rate 20k;# serve static fileslocation /(images|javascript|js|css|flash|media|static)/ root /data/www/wwwroot/down;expires 30d;复制代码注:由于如今的BT下载软件越来越多了，我们如何限制下载的并发数和速率呢？apache