Module1Lifeinthefuture语言点(知识梳理)

1、Module 1 Life in the future 语言点学习目标重点单词alternative, load, charge, attach, command, arrest, power, at, switch重点短语run out, place an order/orders, would like, rely on/upon, for sure, carry out, get rid of重点句型tooto 结构表肯定含义no matter知识讲解重点单词alternative【原句回放】 We will also have to rely more on alternative e

2、nergy, such as solar and wind power.我们也将不得不更多地依赖替代来源，例如太阳能和风能。【点拨】 alternative adj. 替换的；供选择的； n. 可供选择的事物have no alternative/choice but to do 另1J无选择只能 alternative ways 可供选择的方法Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？【拓展】alternatively adv. 二者择一地alternative, choice 区别：alternat

3、ive 意为 “取舍，抉择 ” ，一般指从两者中选择一个，只限办法、打算，而不能指具体的事物。 choice 意为“选择 ” ，强调自由的选择，不管选择方式及对象的多少。We had no alternative/choice but to fire him.我们别无他法，只能辞退了他。What influenced you most in your choice of career?在你选择职业时对你影响最大的是什么？load【原句回放】 To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste

4、materials为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃材料【点拨】 load n. 负荷；重担；装载量； v. 装 （载） ；使担负load into 把装进load - with给装上/加上be loaded with 装载有，负担有be/take a load off sb.心出的祠头落地，使 如释重负The good news has taken a load off my mind.听了这条好消息我就放心了。The workers are loading the ship with coal.工人正把煤装上船。He went home loaded with hono

5、urs.他载誉回乡。charge【原句回放】 All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will be provided free of charge by the city. 所有的娱乐形式，例如电影院、保龄球、垒球、音乐会 和其他等等都将由该市政府免费提供。【点拨】 charge v. 收费；充电；指控，指责； n. 收费，要价；指控；掌管take charge of 负责，掌管（动作 ）in charge of 负责，掌管（状态）in/under t he charg

6、e of 由负责free of charge（ = for free） 免费the charge for sth. 某物的收费charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收费charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人As long as you ve paid in advance we wcohnarge you fotr delivery.只要你预先付款，我们就不收你送货费。These patients are in/under the charge of Dr. Wilson.这些病人是威尔逊医生负责治疗的。Tom took charge of the govern

7、ment after the military took over in 1975.1975 年军事政变后汤姆掌管了政府。【拓展】这三个单词虽然都与 “价钱，价格 ”有关，但三者的真正含义和用途是不一样的，区别如下：charge 一般是卖者或提供服务者索要的 “费用 ”。All goods are delivered free of charge.所有商品免费送货。price 一般指商品的售价，有时是泛指 “物价 ” 。What is the price of this table?这个桌子是什么价格？Prices in this country are very high.这个国家的物价很高

8、。cost 则指生产某东西的成本，或者某服务或活动所花的费用。The company admits its costs are still too high.该公司承认其成本仍然过高。attach【原句回放】 Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras attached to their head. 年长的市民和残疾人通过使用绑在头上的高新技术相机可以周游世界。【点拨】 attach v. 将某物系在、缚在或附在 （另一

9、物 ） 上；附加 （署名、文件等）；使 （组织 ）属于（附属）；使（人）属于；给予（重要性）；认为；归于attach to 把连/拴/装/贴在上面be attached to sth. /sb.被装/绑/固定/粘在上；喜欢，依恋（某人）attach importance/significance to 重视，认为 彳艮重要Attach a recent photo to your application form.请在求职表上贴一张最近的照片。She attaches great importance to regular exercise.她认为定期锻炼很重要。She attached a

10、stamp to the envelope and then mailed it.她在信封上贴上邮票，然后寄了出去。He attached his signature to the contract.他在合同书上签了字。You ll be attached to this department until the end of the years.你在年底前将暂属于这一部门。注意： attach 为一词多义动词，常为考查的对象。其拼写形式要和动词 attack 袭击；攻击“ ” 和 attract 吸引“ ”区别开来。command【原句回放】 In the future all shoppi

11、ng will be done on line, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders. 将来所有的购物都将在网上进行，商品目录将会有语音指令来下订单。【点拨】 command n. & v. 命令；控制；指挥at command 掌握；可自由使用at sb. s comman某人支配by sb. s commanK人支配command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事have a good command of 精通in command of 某人统帅”，主语为人in the command of 某物在某

12、人的统治之下 “”，主语一般是物。You must obey the captain s commands.你必须服从船长的命令。He has 1,200 men under his command.他掌管着 1,200 人。arrest【原句回放】 Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns. 警察逮捕罪犯时，将会向罪犯射出网状物而不是枪。【点拨】 arrest n.&/v. 逮捕、阻止、吸引某人的注意力be under arrest 被逮捕 , 被拘留 , 成为囚犯place/put sb. under arres

13、t 逮捕 /拘留某人The police man arrested the man for speeding.警察逮捕了那个超速行驶的人。Attempts are being made to arrest the spread of the disease.人们努力阻止疾病的蔓延。An unusual painting arrested his attention.一幅不同寻常的画吸引了他的注意力。power【原句回放】 All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possiblet

14、o change the color at the flick of a switch. 所有的汽车都将由电力、太阳能和风能提供动力，并且只要轻轻按一下开关就能够改变汽车的颜色。【点拨】 power n.& v. 能源，提供能源。come into power 掌握政权，得势in power 当权out of/beyond one s power能及solar energy 太阳能（能量中只有太阳能用“ energy） ”wind power 风能water power 水能This is a fan powered by electricity.这是一台靠电提供能源的风扇。at【原句回放】

15、.and it will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch. 并 且只要轻轻按一下开关就能够改变汽车的颜色。【点拨】句中的at意思为 匕（就会发生）”。类似的短语还有：at the thought of 一想到就；at the sight of 一看到就；at the news of 一听到的消息就They began shooting at the sight of the enemy plane.一看见敌机他们就开始射击。She burst out crying at the news.她一知

16、道这消息就放大声大哭起来。switch【原句回放】 All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possibleto change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch. 所有的汽车都将由电能、太阳能或风能提供动力，并且只要轻轻按一下开关就能汽车的颜色。【点拨】 switch n. 开关，变换； vi. 交换，调换at the flick of a switch 轻轻一触开关switch on 打开 （ 电器 ）switch off

17、关上switch the light on/off 开/关电灯switch the discussion to another topic 换一个讨论题目Estonia is switching to a market economy.爱沙尼亚正在向市场经济转轨。We had to make a switch in our arrangements.我们不得不对我们的安排作些变动。重点短语 run out【原句回放】 In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth s naturalreso

18、urces run out. 在未来，爱护环境将会变得很重要，因为地球上的资源将濒临枯竭。【点拨】 run out （供应品）用完，耗尽Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running out.情况越来越糟糕，贮备物资也快用完了。When does the lease of the house run out?这房子的租约何时到期？【拓展】表示 “用完 ”的相关表达还有： use up 用完；耗尽； give out 分发，发布，公布；被用完，耗尽。 run out 是不及物动词短语，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词。run

19、out of 则是及物动词短语， 主语是人， 后接宾语。 use up 是及物动词短语， 相当于 run outof；而give out是不及物动词短语，表示“某物）用完了，没有了 “，无被动语态。We are running out of/ using up petrol.我们的汽油快用光了。The project is running into financial difficulties.这一项目遇到了财务困难。They have run out of ideas.他们已经想不出任何办法了。place an order/orders【原句回放】 In the future all sho

20、pping will be done on line, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders. 将来所有的购物都将在网上进行，商品目录将会有语音指令来下订单。【点拨】 place an order/orders 订购Id like to place an order for some tea with you.我想从贵公司订购一些茶叶。Can I have a 10% discount if I place an order for 5000 ton?如果我订购5000 吨，可否得到 10% 的折扣？would like

21、【原句回放】 Would you like to live in it? 你愿意住在里面吗？【点拨】 would like 想；愿意would like sth. 想要某物would like to do sth. 想做某事would like sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事would like to have done sth. 想做某事 (但没做成 )I would like a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。Would you like to stay there long?你想在那儿久留吗？I would like you to come here early tom

22、orrow.我想让你明天早点来这儿。I would like to have attended your birthday party last week, but I was ill.上周我本想去参加你的生日聚会，可我病了。【拓展】 would like 也可用 should like, would/should love 等替换，但 would like 适用于各种人称， should like 多用于第一人称。would like/love 后接不定式时，在简略回答中常用省略形式，只保留不定式符号to ，不定式的完成形式保留到to have。rely on/upon【原句回放】 We w

23、ill also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power.我们也将不得不更多地依赖替代来源，例如太阳能和风能。【点拨】 rely on/upon 依靠，信赖，指望rely on sb. to do sth. / sb. ( s) doingSh依赖某人做某事rely on sb. /sth. for sth. 依靠获得rely on it that指望相信，rely on后面用that从句作宾语时，中间需要加形式宾语it。Many people now rely on the Internet

24、for news.现在很多人依赖互联网获得新闻。You can rely on it that I will visit you this weekend.你放心好了， 本周末我一定看你。【拓展】表示 依赖”的相关表达还有：count on依靠，信赖，指望；depend on依靠，信赖；取决于You may rely/depend/count on me to help you.你可以依靠我来帮助你的。How much is produced depends on how hard we work.产量的大小在于我们努力的程度。for sure【原句回放】 No one knows for s

25、ure, and making predictions is a risky business. 没有人确切地了解，预测也是一件很冒险的事。【点拨】 for sure 肯定地He ll be here for sure within an hour.他肯定一小时内会到这儿。I think he lives here but I could not say for sure.我认为他住在这但我不确信。【拓展】 be sure to do 一定会 （主语为人或物） 说话人推测 “一定； 必然会 ”； be sure of doing 确信会（主语只为人）；sb. be sure that主语感到

26、有把握；确信”。carry out【原句回放】 Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic. 随着每个城市拥有自己的远程手术门诊部， 医生将能在数千英里以外实施手术， 远程手术将会变得非常普通。【点拨】 carry out 履行， 实行，执行，进行（实验等 ）Make sure the firm is competent to

27、 carry out the work.要确保这家公司有能力完成这项工作。The authority failed to carry out its statutory duties.主管部门未履行自己的法定职责。He hasnt the funds to carry out his design.他没有资金来施行他的计划。【拓展】 carry away 带走；使激动得失去自制能力carry back 拿回；使回想起carry on （with） 进行下去，继续下去get rid of【原句回放】 To get rid of garbage problems, the city will lo

28、ad huge spaceships with waste materials为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃材料【点拨】 get rid of 摆脱，去掉，除去He can t get rid of the cold.他无法摆脱寒冷。You should get rid of your bad habit.你应该改掉坏习惯。How to get rid of the waste materials is a big problem.如何处理这些废料是一个大问题。He can t get rid of his headache.他的头痛老是不好。It is very ha

29、rd to get rid of it once a bad habit is formed.坏习惯一旦养成就很难去掉。【拓展】 rid sb. of 使摆脱，使去掉He has rid himself of smoking.他让自己摆脱了香烟。重点句型tooto 结构表肯定含义【原句回放】 I m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future. 我目前正忙于享受生活而没有为将来而担忧。【点拨】too. to 太而不能 The print is too small for me to read without glasses.印刷字体太小，我不戴眼镜就看不清。但是，tooto在下列情况下表示肯定含义：当 too 后是 glad ， pleased， happy ， delighted ， satisfied， ready ， willing ， eager， anxious 等形容词时。They are too anxious to leave. 他们急于离开。He is always too ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。与这些词连用时， too 前还常加上only ， all ， but， just ， simply 等副词，意思不变，因为这些词加上too