对中西方人不同价值取向研究报告

1、-PAGE . z对中西方人不同价值取向的研究平阳一中 东金 浩洲 舜子小凤 新蕾 指导师傅咏梅开题篇一、研究的必要性节日是人类日常生活的浓缩和精华，它区隔出一个生活周期中的各个阶段，集中地展现了各个阶段的含义。并在节日活动中，保存了该民族文化中最精致、最具代表性的一面，是代代相传的文化资产。任何一个民族都有属于自己的岁时节庆，这些节庆和该民族的生活环境、生产方式和信仰有密切的关系。由于历史背景不同，各民族之间的传统节日及其风俗习惯也不一样，随着改革开发的进一步深入，西方的传统节日已逐渐被我们了解、承受、甚至流行于当今社会。在这一前提下，将中西方的节日风俗进展一番比拟归纳异同，并究其根源。培养

2、学生对中西方文化的比拟能力，做到能较理性地借鉴和吸取外来文化中的优秀成果，保护和弘扬中华民族的文化精华。二、课题研究的可行性1.经过一段时间的选修课的学习，学生已经了解了一些英美国家的文化，尤其是节日文化。并且对这些文化产生浓厚的兴趣。在此根底上，发动学生用自主学习的方式进一步熟悉西方节日风俗，自觉比照中西方节日的不同节庆方式，透析风俗后的价值取向已成为可能。2.经过一段时间的选修课教学，教师已积累了一定的有关英美国家的文化，尤其是节日文化的知识和文字材料。在此根底上，指导学生开展研究性学习已成为可行。3.互联网为本课题研究提供了可靠的资料保障，成为本课题研究的庞大资料库。三、课题研究的前期准

3、备1.在我校英语俱乐部成员过自愿组合的方式组成一个七人研究性学习小组(七人中有五人能上网查询，两人有电脑)，并推选组长。2.小组成员共同讨论，在由教师提供的课题中选择进展研究性学习的课题，并共同设计研究方案。三、课题组成员的根本情况略四、课题研究方案：【课题目标】语言学家拉多曾指出语言是文化的一局部，不懂得文化的模式和准则，就不可能真正学到语言。文化和语言有相辅相成的关系，学习语言的过程也应该是学习其文化的过程。实践证明影响学生用目标语交际的不仅在于语言本身，更在于对目标语国家社会文化知识的了解程度以及对其交际模式的适性。因此，在高中英语教学的过程中要帮助学生学习和掌握英语语言根本功，同时，还

4、应引导学生自觉了解和适应英美国家的文化，通过各种途径，培养学生对英美文化的敏感性和洞察力，在培养英语语感的同时，提高英美文化感。广义地说，文化包括交际习惯，社会习俗，生活习惯等。而社会风俗习惯在节日里表达得尤为淋漓尽致。因为节日是人类日常生活的浓缩和精华,反映出一个民族文化中最精致,最具代表性的一面。由于历史背景不同，各民族之间的传统节日及其风俗习惯也不一样，随着改革开发的进一步深入，西方的传统节日已逐渐被我们了解、承受、甚至流行于当今社会。在这一前提下，将中西方的节日风俗进展一番比拟归纳异同，并究其根源。培养学生对中西方文化的比拟能力，做到能较理性地借鉴和吸取外来文化中的优秀成果，保护和弘扬

5、中华民族的文化精华。【研究课题】比照中西方节日风俗，看中西方人的不同价值取向【研究容】了解英美国家的主要传统节日及其节日风俗和节日来源。了解中国的主要传统节日及其节日风俗和节日来源。比照中西方节日来源和风俗的异同，探究中西方人的不同价值取向。借鉴和吸取西方人的积极价值观念，指导中学生的日常行为习惯。【研究方法】文献研究法和调查研究法【研究过程】1.组建小组、制定方案。在我校英语俱乐部成员过自愿组合的方式组成一个七人研究性学习小组(七人中有五人能上网查询，两人有电脑)，并推选组长。小组成员共同讨论，在由教师提供的课题中选择进展研究性学习的课题，并共同设计研究方案。2.英美国家的主要传统节日知多少

6、.课题组成员用英语或中文谈论自己知道的英美国家的主要传统节日，及其节日的来源、风俗等。并由组长做好记录。3.了解英美国家的主要传统节日。通过第一次的交流讨论，课题组成员决定就以下英美国家的主要传统节日进展研究。它们是：情人节、愚人节、复活节Easter、万圣节、感恩节、圣诞节等。课题组各成员通过资料文献的查寻和上网查询等方式收集有关的信息。尤其关注自己未知的节日风俗。并做好信息记录抄录或下载。4.了解我国的主要传统节日。课题组成员通过一样的渠道收集有关中国传统节日的信息，尤其关注具有民族特色的节庆习俗。主要传统节日有：春节、元宵节、清明节、端午节、七夕、中秋节、重阳节、新年等。并做好信息记录。

7、5.比照中西方节日风俗。课题组成员分析研究已整理成册的资料，比照中西方节日风俗，归纳异同。尤其关注可比性较强的信息。并做好记录。6.研究比照中西方人的不同价值取向。课题组成员根据较具可比性的中西方节日风俗的异同，探究中西方人的不同价值取向，借鉴西方人的积极价值观念，指导中学生的日常行为习惯。并总结提炼，撰写研究报告。【文献资料】1.Family Album, U.S.A.(麦克米伦出版公司)2.Folkways of the West (傅咏梅编写的校本教材)3.美国文化探奇西方交通大学，黄亦、马琼编4.英美文化拾趣文汇，立柱编5.中国文化要略外语研究，程裕祯著6. .cq*h./7. .8.

8、 language.tom./9. .10. .11. .【相关的课题】中西方文化差异谈。礼为何物.敬人还是敬神.消费观念与文化背景。节庆风俗与民族凝聚力。过程篇研究一：英美国家主要传统节日知多少.课题组成员用英语或中文谈论自己知道的英美国家的主要传统节日，及其节日的来源、风俗等。经过讨论大家认为英美国家主要传统节日有：时间节日时间节日1.1元旦New Years Day6.14美国国旗制定纪念日2.12林肯诞辰Lincolns Birthday6父亲节Fathers Day(6月第3个周末)2.14情人节Saint ValentinesDay7.4美国独立日Independence2.18华

9、盛顿诞辰Washingtons Birthday9.1劳动节Labor Day3.17圣帕特里克节Saint Patricks Day10.12哥伦布日Columbus Day4.1遇人节Fools Day10退伍军人日(10月的第4个周一)4复活节Easter(春分月圆后)10.31万圣节Halloween植树节(5月份的第2个周末)11.11第一次世界大战休战纪念日母亲节Mother Day(5月第5个周末)11.27感恩节Thanksgiving Day5.26阵亡将士纪念日Memorial Day12.25圣诞节Christmas课题组成员分工浏览报刊杂志，查询电脑网络，获取有关的节日

10、信息。研究二：了解英美国家主要传统节日的来源和节庆方式在课题组成员分工浏览报刊杂志，查询电脑网络的根底上，整理有关的节日信息如下(节选)。Information Item One: On ChristmasPassage One The History of ChristmasThe history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. The 12 days of

11、Christmas, the bright fires, the yule log, the giving of gifts, carnivals(parades) with floats, carolers who sing while going from house to house, the holiday feasts, and the church processions can all be traced back to the early Mesopotamians. Many of these traditions began with the Mesopotamian ce

12、lebration of New Years. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods, and as their chief god - Marduk. Each year as winter arrived it was believed that Marduk would do battle with the monsters of chaos. To assist Marduk in his struggle the Mesopotamians held a festival for the New Year. This was Zagmuk,

13、the New Years festival that lasted for 12 days. The Mesopotamian king would return to the temple of Marduk and swear his faithfulness to the god. The traditions called for the king to die at the end of the year and to return with Marduk to battle at his side. To spare their king, the Mesopotamians u

14、sed the idea of a mock king. A criminal was chosen and dressed in royal clothes. He was given all the respect and privileges of a real king. At the end of the celebration the mock king was stripped of the royal clothes and slain, sparing the life of the real king.The Persians and the Babylonians cel

15、ebrated a similar festival called the Sacaea. Part of that celebration included the e*changing of places, the slaves would bee the masters and the masters were to obey. Early Europeans believed in evil spirits, witches, ghosts and trolls. As the Winter Solstice approached, with its long cold nights

16、and short days, many people feared the sun would not return. Special rituals and celebrations were held to wele back the sun.In Scandinavia during the winter months the sun would disappear for many days. After thirty-five days scouts would be sent to the mountain tops to look for the return of the s

17、un. When the first light was seen the scouts would return with the good news. A great festival would be held, called the Yuletide, and a special feast would be served around a fire burning with the Yule log. Great bonfires would also be lit to celebrate the return of the sun. In some areas people wo

18、uld tie apples to branches of trees to remind themselves that spring and summer would return.The ancient Greeks held a festival similar to that of the Zagmuk/Sacaea festivals to assist their god Kronos who would battle the god Zeus and his Titans.The Romans celebrated their god Saturn. Their festiva

19、l was called Saturnalia which began the middle of December and ended January 1st. With cries of Jo Saturnalia! the celebration would include masquerades in the streets, big festive meals, visiting friends, and the e*change of good-luck gifts called Strenae (lucky fruits). The Romans decked their hal

20、ls with garlands of laurel and green trees lit with candles. Again the masters and slaves would e*change places. Jo Saturnalia! was a fun and festive time for the Romans, but the Christians though it an abomination to honor the pagan god. The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday of their Chr

21、ist child a solemn and religious holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was the pagan Saturnalia. But as Christianity spread they were alarmed by the continuing celebration of pagan customs and Saturnalia among their converts. At first the Church forbid this kind of celebration. But it was to no

22、 avail. Eventually it was decided that the celebration would be tamed and made into a celebration fit for the Christian Son of God. Some legends claim that the Christian Christmas celebration was inventedto pete against the pagan celebrations of December. The 25th was not only sacred to the Romans b

23、ut also the Persians whose religion Mithraism was one of Christianitys main rivals at that time. The Church eventually was successful in taking the merriment, lights, and gifts from the Saturanilia festival and bringing them to the celebration of Christmas.The e*act day of the Christ childs birth ha

24、s never been pinpointed. Traditions say that it has been celebrated since the year 98 AD. In 137 AD the Bishop of Rome ordered the birthday of the Christ Child celebrated as a solemn feast. In 350 AD another Bishop of Rome, Julius I, choose December 25th as the observance of Christmas. PassageSi* 圣诞

25、节圣诞节是美国最大最热闹的节日。每年12月25日，全国便 沉浸在一派喜气洋洋的节日气氛中。 圣诞节原是基督徒为庆贺耶稣诞辰而定的一个节日。但耶稣终究是哪一天诞生，谁也无从知晓。圣诞节是公元354年由罗马 天主教教会规定的。但近几十年，圣诞节已不再只是的节日 了，而逐渐社会化，成为政府规定的公众假期。 据圣经中说，在基督出生前，罗马皇帝奥古斯都有旨意下 来，叫天下人都报名上册。因此大家都要回到老家，按照本族本家 登记注册。圣母马利亚的丈夫约瑟本是犹太大卫家的人，于是他 们匣离开拿撒勒城，回到伯利恒居住。可是当他们到达伯利恒时， 城中的客店已全都客满，无处安身，只好暂时栖息在马棚里。入 夜，耶稣降

26、生在马棚中，这里连块干净的地方也找不到，圣母马利 .亚不得已只好把耶稣放在马槽里。这天夜里，天使光临到伯利恒 郊外，向守护羊群的牧人报告了这一喜讯。与此同时，有三位 贤土发现天上有一颗新星，他们在这颗星的指引下来到伯利恒，找 到了耶稣和他的母亲马利亚，并送上许多黄金和乳香等珍责礼品。 今天圣诞节的许多风俗都来源于圣经中的这段传说。 根据耶稣诞生在夜里这种说法。圣诞节的庆祝活动也从12月 24日夜间开场，半夜时分到达最高潮。这一夜就被称为圣诞夜。 圣诞夜是一个狂欢的夜晚。美国人常常通宵达旦地举行庆祝活动。他们有的聚在酒馆、舞厅、俱乐部中尽情欢乐；有的全家共 进丰富的晚餐，然后围坐在熊熊燃烧的火炉

27、旁，弹琴唱歌，共叙天伦之乐；那些虔诚的信徒们则在灯火通明的天主教堂里，参加纪念 耶稣诞生的午夜礼拜，有些人还在家中摆起圣诞马槽。所谓圣诞马槽，就是用纸搭一个小洞，上撤白粉象征皑皑白雪，洞中放上自制马槽，槽里摆上耶稣像，有时旁边还摆上约瑟和马利亚的像。 洞前点燃蜡烛，供上鲜花。圣诞马槽既可用来赞美上帝，也可供 亲友们欣赏。但在圣诞夜里，最有趣的活动还要数报佳音。它象征天使在伯利恒郊外向牧羊人报告基督降生的喜讯。当深夜降临，教堂里的唱诗班就挨家挨户地来到教徒家门前齐声唱起圣诞颂歌。于是这家人就要走出门来热烈地应酬他们，参加歌唱。唱罢，主人把大家邀入屋中，以茶点招待。说笑一番后，唱诗班就再到别人家去

28、唱。这时，主人一家也往往随同前去。报佳音的队 伍就愈来愈大，他们一家家地唱下去，欢乐的气氛有增无减，常常持续到天明。 待到圣诞节黎明时，熟人们相见，都要亲切地互致问候。但他 们不是像往常那样说声早安，而是说圣诞快乐。确实，圣诞 节这一天，人们个个兴高采烈，家家户户、大街小巷都要举行各种 庆祝活动。 提到圣诞节，人们首先想到的便是装饰得琳琅满目的圣诞树。 圣诞树的来历可以追溯到几百年前。据说它最早出现在德国，到 了1830年前后，装扮圣诞树的风俗才由德国移民们带到美国的东 部沿岸地区。从此，圣诞树也成为美国人过圣诞节所必不可少的 装饰。但圣诞树的来历，还有许多美好的传说。有一个是说，在一个大雪纷

29、飞的圣诞夜里，有个穷孩子无家可归，又冷又饿。但他幸运地遇到一位善良的农民，将他带回家中，让他在炉火旁度过了一个愉快的圣诞夜。满心感谢的孩子临行前折了一段杉树枝插在地上，杉树枝立刻就变成一株小杉树。孩子对农民祝福说：从今后，年年此日礼物将挂满枝头，留下这棵美丽的杉树，报答您的善心。诸如此类的传说，更为圣诞树增添了美丽的色彩。 每逢圣诞节，人们便要在小杉树或小松树上挂满礼物、彩花和彩灯(传统习惯是挂蜡烛，后来为了防止失火，就用彩灯取而代之)，树顶还装上一颗大星。最初这些装饰品都是具有象征意义的，树上的蜡烛象征耶稣是世界的光明，树顶上的大星则代表耶稣降生后将三位贤士引到伯利恒的那颗星。当彩灯点亮后，

30、圣诞树光华四射，分外迷人。这时大人们会站在一旁欣赏圣诞树，孩子们更是手舞足蹈，甚至手拉手地围着圣诞树跳起欢快的舞蹈。有时做游戏，一家人蒙上眼睛，轮流到圣诞树前摸彩，取得自己的礼物。 在圣诞节里，除去圣诞树是必备之物外，人们还忘不了和蔼可亲的圣诞老人。在公共场所、贺年片上到处部有圣诞老人的形象。 有时在家里也由一人扮成圣诞老人，为大家分发礼物。在人们的想象中，圣诞老人留着一脸银白色的胡须，身穿一件镶有白毛皮 边的红外套。他那一副总是乐呵呵的样子，真不知为圣诞节增添 了多少欢乐的气氛。 相传圣诞老人是当年小亚细亚米拉城的主教圣尼古拉斯的化 身。他为人仁慈，乐善好施，生前做过许多好事。他死后，人们

31、十分思念他，把他称为保护儿童之神。他的故事在欧美已经传为 神话。据说，有一次他曾经偷偷把三袋金子送给一个穷人的三个 女儿做嫁检，当他悄悄地把金子从烟囱口扔进去时，有一袋恰巧掉 进晾在壁炉上的一只长统袜子里。于是在长统袜子中装进礼物送 给儿童的习俗便流传下来了。直到今天，天真的孩子们还总是在 圣诞节前夜重其事地把长统袜挂在壁炉上，满怀希望地等待圣 诞老人像传说中所讲的那样，从北方雪国乘坐八匹驯鹿拉的雪橇 前来把礼物送给他们。圣诞老人在孩子们心中真是既亲切又神秘。 美国不少大百货公司为了拉生意，在圣诞节期间专门雇佣身高体 胖的人装扮成圣诞老人，在店中同顾客所携带的儿童拍照并散发糖果，可谓生财有道。

32、 圣诞节用冬青和槲寄生点缀环境，是西方人民的又一传统习俗。美国人常常用冬青树枝编成花环挂在大门上，或是将几枝冬青摆放在餐桌上。据说绿色可以驱邪，而冬青那红艳艳的果实、绿油油的叶于，在寒冬腊月里确实使入感到一股春天的气息。比冬青更胜一筹的是槲寄生，按照传统习俗，圣诞节时，但凡女子站在槲寄生下面，任何人都可以去亲吻地。届时。美国许多家庭都要在室门框或天花板上悬挂一束椒寄生。那些顽皮的男孩子，常常成心把女孩子引到椒寄生下面，理直气壮地亲吻她一下。 为圣诞节添姿增色的还有美味圣诞蛋糕。人们常常把圣诞蛋糕做得新奇漂亮。上面用奶油或果酱浇圣诞快乐的字样，四周插上特制的圣诞蜡烛。蜡烛形状小巧，只有三四寸长，

33、但用料精致，五颜六色，有的还做成螺旋形。点燃之后，由主人次熄，然后大家分吃蛋糕。人们有时还在蛋糕里放进三粒豆子，以此代表圣经故事中的三个贤土，谁吃着豆子谁就当上了三王，令人感到十分有趣。圣诞节中包含了这样多的传说和有趣的风俗，无怪乎它是美国人向往的一个热闹非凡的节日。可以说从感恩节过后的第二天，美国人就开场为圣诞节大忙特忙起来。每家商店都是人流滚滚，商人们要鼓起如簧之舌，推销他们的各种货物，普通入也愿意趁此时机弃旧更新。据粗略估计，美国商店在圣诞节期间的商品销售额占全年的四分之一。有的商店甚至占到二分之一。就拿圣诞卡片来说，处处堆积如山，形形色色，花花绿绿，亲戚、朋友、同窗、同事之间都要寄上一

34、，弄得各邮局虽增加不少临时工，但仍然忙得不可开交。 圣诞节在美国是如此受人重视，人们恐怕很难想象，他们的祖先曾经制止过圣诞节。当年英国清教徒受尽英国国教的迫害，千里迢迢来到新大陆，他们对英国国教的倒行逆施，深恶痛绝，以至开展到但凡国教所实行的，他们都加以反对，因此便对圣诞节的庆祝也严加制止。他们规定，凡移民有人胆敢庆祝圣诞节者，必须罚款。这条禁令一直到19世纪德国及爱尔兰移民大量移入美国后才逐渐解除。今天圣诞节已成为美国人民最喜爱的节日之一，这段往事，也已成为一件历史趣闻了。研究三：了解我国主要传统节日的来源和节庆方式课题组成员通过各种渠道收集有关我国主要传统节日的信息，尤其关注民族特色的节庆

35、习俗。节选我国的传统节日有：春节 (包含正月初一日至十五日之间的节日)元宵节、灯节(农历正月十五)清明节(阳历四月五日)端午节(农历五月五日)七夕(农历七月七日)中秋节(农历八月十五日)重阳节(农历九月九日)新年 (阳历一月一日)Information Item One: On Chinese New Year The Chinese New Year has a great history. In other traditions, by this time in the year, most resolutions - made on December 31 - have been sub

36、tly forgotten and placed in a cupboard marked maybe ne*t year. However, all hope is not lost, as theres a second chance to start afresh with the celebration of Chinese New Year on February 5th.The Chinese New Year is very similar to the Western one, swathed in traditions and rituals.The origin of th

37、e Chinese New Year is itself centuries old - in fact, too old to actually be traced. It is popularly recognised as the Spring Festival and celebrations last 15 days. Preparations tend to begin a month from the date of the Chinese New Year (similar to a Western Christmas), when people start buying pr

38、esents, decoration materials, food and clothing. A huge clean-up gets underway days before the New Year, when Chinese houses are cleaned from top to bottom, to sweep away any traces of bad luck, and doors and windowpanes are given a new coat of paint, usually red. The doors and windows are then deco

39、rated with paper cuts and couplets with themes such as happiness, wealth and longevity printed on them. The eve of the New Year is perhaps the most e*citing part of the event, as anticipation creeps in. Here, traditions and rituals are very carefully observed in everything from food to clothing. Din

40、ner is usually a feast of seafood and dumplings, signifying different good wishes. Delicacies include prawns, for liveliness and happiness, dried oysters (or ho *i), for all things good, raw fish salad or yu sheng to bring good luck and prosperity, Fai-hai (Angel Hair), an edible hair-like seaweed t

41、o bring prosperity, and dumplings boiled in water (Jiaozi) signifying a long-lost good wish for a family. Its usual to wear something red as this colour is meant to ward off evil spirits - but black and white are out, as these are associated with mourning. After dinner, the family sit up for the nig

42、ht playing cards, board games or watching TV programmes dedicated to the occasion. At midnight, the sky is lit up by fireworks.On the day itself, an ancient custom called Hong Bao, meaning Red Packet, takes place. This involves married couples giving children and unmarried adults money in red envelo

43、pes. Then the family begins to say greetings from door to door, first to their relatives and then their neighbours. Like the Western saying let bygones be bygones, at Chinese New Year, grudges are very easily cast aside.The end of the New Year is marked by the Festival of Lanterns, which is a celebr

44、ation with singing, dancing and lantern shows. Although celebrations of the Chinese New Year vary, the underlying message is one of peace and happiness for family members and friends.Information ItemTwo: On the Spring FestivalPassage One 春节 农历正月初一是春节，又叫阴历(农历)年，俗称过年。这是我国民间最隆重、最热闹的一个古老传统节日。 春节是汉族最重要的节

45、日。然而，我国是个多民族的国家，除汉族外，还有满、蒙古，瑶、壮、白、高山、赫哲、哈尼、达斡尔、侗、黎等十几个少数民族也有过春节的习俗。春节的历史很悠久，它起源于殷商时期年头岁尾的祭神祭祖活动。有关年的传说也很多。古代的春节叫元日、元旦、新年。辛亥革命后，才将农历正月初一正式定名为春节。漫长的历史岁月使年俗活动容变得异常丰富多彩。其中，那些敬天祭神的迷信容，已逐渐被淘汰，而那些富有生活情趣的容，像贴春联、贴年画、贴福字、剪窗花、蒸年糕、包饺子、燃爆竹、除夕守夜、拜年等习俗至今仍很盛行。研究四：比照中西方节日风俗的异同课题组成员分析研究已整理成册的资料，比照中西方节日风俗，归纳异同。尤其关注可比性

46、较强的信息。比照一：节日来历1.中国的节日主要与人文文化有关。1和人物有关。如，端午节、清明节等2和节气与生产劳动有关。如，重阳节、除夕、中秋节等。2.西方的节日主要与文化有关。比照二：节庆方式1.中国的节日庆祝方式繁多，随民族的不同而不同。主要的节庆方式有：家人团聚、家庭聚餐、祭祀活动、大小型的群众娱乐活动。2.西方的节庆方式相对同一，主要以祭祀活动为主。但随着时间的推移，也出现了越来越多的团聚庆典活动。研究五：研究比照中西方人的不同价值取向课题组成员经过一个多学期的查找、分析、研究、讨论和交流，对中西方的不同价值取向有了一定的认识，并以小组为单位写出了以下四篇总结报告。总结报告一：Cult

47、ural Differences Between China and English-Speaking CountriesWestern culture lays more emphasis on religion, which has something to do with the history of the westerners. In those days religion played a very important role in their daily life. The most outstanding holiday in the western country is C

48、hristmas, which is celebrated in memory of the forefather of them Jesus Christ. As a result, there are a lot of religious activities during the festival.Chinese have a fairly long history, which is filled with famous people who contributed to the development of the whole nation. So Chinese pay much

49、attention and devote much energy to celebrating certain holiday related to the famous people.总结报告二：Cultural similarities Between China and English-Speaking CountriesThough there are a lot of differences in Culture between China and English-speaking countries, yet with time passing by and the opening

50、 to the outside world, there are more and more similarities in culture between the countries. The most important one is that people all over the world take the chance of the holiday to have a get-together with the family. Maybe, with the development of the society and technology, more and more peopl

51、e are going away to have a job. When the holiday es, they will have a day or some days off, it is a good chance to go back home to meet the family members. And of course, having a delicious dinner is a most part of the activity. At the dinner, a lot of food is served. Some of the food is so special

52、that it is not seen on other occasions, and it is used to make the holiday different from others, such as the moon cake.总结报告三：Do-it-by-yourselfAs has been talked above, it is the custom to have something special to eat at the festivals. And it is as well a custom to send each other gifts at such fes

53、tivals to wish each other good luck. We Chinese used to have the habit to make food and gifts by ourselves. Yet with time passing by, our life is improving day by day. As a result, more and more people are buying food and gifts in stores instead of making them by themselves. Westerners have a quite

54、opposite trend, that is they still prefer do it by yourself Whats more, the richer a person is, the more likely that he likes do-it yourself For e*ample, the former Prime Minister of England decorated her own apartment all by herself. There is some reason to make food and gifts by ourselves. It can

55、offer you the chance to use your head to make something special for someone special. It can help deliver a passion you have for a special person. So here I suggest, why not do-it-by-yourself.总结报告四：HolidayPartyLove for ones nationI have once seen on TV, westerners observed their holidays at parties w

56、here a lot of people got together, drinking, singing and dancing. What a harmony atmosphere. I envy the way they have their holidays, which is quite different from ours, that is, having a big meal at home, visiting relatives to have more big meals and spending the rest of the time watching TV alone.

57、 What a boring holiday.Of course if some other parts of our country, people observe their holiday in a large group. They will have a procession, hold a party, and so on. In fact, all these activities bring the people from different families, even different areas together. They will learn to live in

58、harmony, as they know they belong to the some family and should have love for each other. I think it is a good way to educate people to have a love for their own nation or country. Why always stay away from others Why just stay at home watching TV Why only observe the holiday with your family member

59、s Why not try stepping out of the door to join others思考篇思考一益林Culture Is Sometimes More Important Than Language ItselfAs we know, it is certainly important for us to master English grammar, vocabulary and synta* well. But that isnt enough, for there are too many cultural differences between China and

60、 English-speaking countries. So as English learners, we should pay much attention to cultural differences and social customs. If not, we may fail to municate effectively. For e*ample, it is mon to ask about age in China when people meet. In a way, the older a person is, the greater respect he mands.