英语国家概况-新西兰篇中英翻译

1、-. z.第六局部 新西兰 Part Si* New Zealand Chapter33.New Zealand(capital: Wellington)惠灵顿1)新西兰的地理位置New Zealands geography: 新西兰地处南太平洋，位于赤道和南极之间New Zealand is in the Southern Pacific Ocean,halfway between the equator and the South Pole.新西兰的面积与英国和日本相近。它有2个主要的岛，北岛和南岛The size of the country is similar to Britain

2、or Japan.It has two main islands:North Island and South Island 新西兰位于国际日期变更线以西，所以它是世界上第一个迎接新一天到来的国家。New Zealand is just west of the Internationnal Date Line,so it is the first country to get the new day. 最高的山峰是库克山，海拔3764米。 波湖是新西兰最大的湖。The highest peak is Mt Cook,3764M. Lake Taupo is the largest lake i

3、n New Zealand 南岛最大的河流是克鲁沙河，北岛最大的河流有2个，是怀卡托河和黄加雷河。 The largest rivers in South Island is the Clutha,and in the North Island is the Waikato and the wanganui.地震和火山是新西兰最严重的自然灾害。 Earthquakes and volcanoes are the most serious potential natural disasters. 2)气候特征Characteristics of New Zealands climate;气候温和

4、generally temperates.多样，最北端是亚热带气候，南岛一些山区则是亚寒带气候varied climate: In the far north it is subtropical and in some mountainous areas of South Island it is subarctic.常年下雨Rain falls all year round新西兰最充足的城镇是纳尔逊，西海岸的降雨量最大。ThesunniesttowninNewZealand, Nelson，The highest rainfall is on the west coast.植物和动物 Pla

5、nts and Animals 新西兰的许多土生有花植物都是独一无二的。世界上最古老的一些植物种类在这里可以找到Many of New Zealands native flowering plants are unique. Some of the worlds oldest plant forms can be found here新西兰的本国树木却是四季常青，所以整个新西兰全年常绿NewZealandnativetreesare evergreens, sothecountryremainsgreenallyear round.红色的波赫塔克瓦被称为新西兰的圣诞树 The red pohu

6、tukawa called New Zealand Christmas tree 几维鸟被当作是国家的象征，新西兰人也这样称呼自己 The kiwi is a national symbol and New Zealanders refer to themselves as Kiwis. .历史背景 Historical Background1、第一个到达新西兰的欧洲人是荷兰的阿贝尔.塔斯曼，1642年。 The frist European to visit New Zealand in 1642 was a Dutchman, Abel Tasman. 2、最早到达新西兰的英国人是英国皇家

7、海军的詹姆士.库克船长，1769年。 The frist Englishman to visit New Zealand in 1769 was Captain James COok of the British Royal Navy. 英国政府对这个国家感兴趣有多种原因: The British government was interested in the country for various reasons:与新西兰贸易往来对于经济极为重要;新西兰没有法律，也没有任何人实施法律;在与移民交往中，没有人保护毛利人的权利trade with New Zealand was economi

8、cally important; there were no laws or anyone to enforce them; there was no one to protect Maori rights in dealings with the settlers;3、1840年第一位总督威廉.赫伯森，代表维多利亚女王和毛利酋长签订了威坦哲条约，现代新西兰成立了。 In 1840 Hobson ,representing Queen Victoria, and some Maori chiefs, signed the Treaty of Waitangi.Modern New Zealan

9、d was founded. 条约的三条容 The Treaty of Waitangi 1840 has three articles 1)毛利人把立法权交给英国女王 the Maori people gave the Queen of england the right to make laws for the country 2) 毛利人拥有自己的土地，森林，渔场，如果毛利人想出售他们的财产，只能卖给英国政府。 promised the Maori own their lands,forests,and other treasured possessions,if Maori wante

10、d to sell land ,only the Crown had the right to buy。 3) 保证毛利人享有和英国臣民一样的权利Maoris were granted all the rights and privileges of British subjects. 4、1852年，新西兰被准许部自治。In 1852 New Zealand was granted internal self-government.5、1865年，移民者建立惠灵顿成为首都Wellington founded by the first settlers became the capital i

11、n 1865.6.19世纪60年代欧洲人和毛利人发生土地纠纷，爆发战争Land war between the Europeans and the Maoris broke out in the 1860s.7、在南岛、奥塔戈发现了黄金，1870年，淘金热完毕Gold was discovered in Otago and Westland, but the gold boom ended in 18701893年，新西兰成为第一个妇女有选举权的国家。 In 1893 New Zealand became the first country to give women the vote 2月6

12、日是条约签定的纪念日，这一天也就是新西兰的国庆日，是全国性的节日。The anniversary of the signing, February 6, is celebrated as New Zealand National Day, Waitangi Day, and is a national holiday. 20世纪30年代早期的经济萧条对新西兰打击很大。The economic depression of the early 1930s was severely felt in New Zealand.第二次世界大战后，人们充分就业，生产和效劳行业迅速开展。After the w

13、ar there was full employment and manufacturing and service industries e*panded.1972年通过的事故赔偿法是世界上独一无二的，它对任何时候的事故伤害都提供保险。The Accident pensation Act of 1972, unique in the world,.毛利人的文化 Maoritanga 毛利人的文化是新西兰生活中开展和变化的一局部。毛利人对世界、自然、教育、精神及死亡的看法，越来越变为新西兰的生活方式。Maoritanga is a growing and changing part of li

14、fe in Aotearoa (New Zealand). Maori views of the world, of nature, of education, of spirituality and of death, are being more and more part of the New Zealand way of life. 毛利人相信，他们的祖先及世界上所有的生物都是神灵创造的。Maoris believe their ancestors, and all living things in the world, were descended from the gods, 马拉

15、埃-聚会大厅及其周围土地-是毛利人村社生活的中心。The marae-the meeting house and the land around it-is the focus of Maori munity life. 政府于1871年制定了一条制止毛利族儿童在学校里讲毛利语的法令，因此毛利语就衰落了In 1871 the government made a law to stop Maori children speaking their language at school and the Maori language declined,第一所双语学校于1974年成立，这些主要是由于毛利

16、族妇女的努力，她们是为了让孩子学习毛利语和风俗习惯。In 1974 the first bilingual school was established. mostly through the efforts of Maori women, for children to learn Maori language and customs.毛利语现在是新西兰的两种官方语言之一。Maori is now one of the two official languages of Aotearoa. 第三十四章 今日新西兰 Chapter 34 New Zealand Today 尽管新西兰依赖农业，

17、但大多数人还是居住在城镇和城市里。In spite of New Zealands dependence on agriculture, most people live in towns and cities.几乎3/4的人住在北岛，50%的新西兰人住在汉密尔顿以北。造成这种人口分布不均的主要原因是由于北部的温和气候，北岛工业的开展及北部适合于特殊耕作的土地。Nearly three fourths of the people live in North Island, with over 50% of New Zealanders living north of Hamilton. Rea

18、sons for this uneven distribution are the milder climate in the north, the e*pansion of North Island industries and the availability of land suitable for specialized farming. .政治体系 The Political System 新西兰没有任何单独的成文宪法。宪法往往被包含于大量的议会法规，法院判决及政府常规之中。There is no single written constitution. It is containe

19、d in a large number of parliamentary statutes (laws) , judiciary (court) rulings, and administrative practices. 新西兰是个独立主权国，有议会政府和君主立宪制。New Zealand is a sovereign independent state, with a parliamentary government and a constitutional monarchy.新西兰沿袭了英国的议会制，但没有和英国上议院一样的院。New Zealand follows the Britis

20、h Parliamentary system，but there is no equivalent to the British House of Lords. 几乎每一位常住居民都可以投票, 新西兰是第一批采用秘密投票方式的国家之一，Almost every permanent resident can vote. . New Zealand was among the first countries to adopt the secret ballot.在众议院中拥有多数议员的政党领导人成为首相。她或他和另外挑选出的20名成员组成阁。The leader of the party with

21、 a majority of members in the House of Representatives bees Prime Minister. He or she and about 20 other chosen members, form the Cabinet.法庭处理民事和刑事案件。分地区法庭、家庭法庭青少年法庭等The courts handle both civil and criminal eases. It divided into district courts, Family Court, and Young Persons Court.司法系统(法院)独立于政府。

22、The judiciary (court system) is independent of the government.除了国民(中央)政府之外，还有地方政府。地方政府负责解决当地的需要In addition to the national government there are local authorities. Local authorities attend to local needs,新西兰人的特点Characteristics of New Zealand People 1欧洲文化与波利尼西亚文化的结合产生了一种颇具特色的民族个性，这种个性很难给它下定义。The binat

23、ion of European and Polynesian cultures has produced a characteristic national identity which is hard to define2他们也为自己的独立个性和自立精神而感到自豪。新西兰人都重视实事的态度。they are very proud of being independentandself-reliant.Theyvaluea practical approach 3人们普遍崇信社会平等，工作的权利被大家所承受，因此按国际标准，失业率一直很低。There is widespread beliefi

24、nsocialequality. Therighttoworkisacceptedbyeveryone, andthelevelofunemploymenthasbeenlowby internationalstandards.4基督教是传播最广的信仰。 Christianity is the most widespread religion.新西兰是世界上第一批为青年人设立全国性的免费牙科效劳的国家之一。New Zealand was one of the first countries in the world to establish a free national dental ser

25、vice for young people.所有人都可以享受免费教育。几乎所有的学校都是由国家办的。Education is freely available to everyone. Nearly all schools are run by the state.一些中等学校、尤其是在一些较大的城市中，是单性别的学校。Some secondary schools, especially in the larger cities, are single se* school. .国际市场 The International Marketplace贸易是新西兰的生命线。需要进口矿产品以保持其经济

26、的运行。Trade is New Zealands livelihood. New Zealand needs to import minerals to keep its economy running. 75%以上的进口是生产所需的原料和交通燃料。新西兰依靠出口增加收入，方法是使产品多样化。Over 75% of importsarerawmaterialsneededforproductionandtransportfuels. New Zealand dependson increasing its e*port ine by diversifying its products. 西欧

27、，尤其是英国，在传统上一直是新西兰的主要出口市场。Western Europe and particularlyBritainhavetraditionallybeenNewZealandsmajor e*pertmarket. 新西兰的主要进口品为工业原料、根本设备和消费品。许多项产品都不收进口税。The main imports are industrial raw materials, capital equipment and consumer goods. Many items are imported duty free.有时，新西兰被称为世界上最大的农场New Zealand i

28、s sometimes called the worlds biggest farm.许多地方都多山，大约2/3的耕地崎岖不平，新西兰是农用飞机的开拓者，much of its land is mountainous. About two thirds of farmland is too rugged, so New Zealand has been a pioneer in agricultural aviation,农场耕作高度机械化，农场效率很高，新西兰的大多数农场主都拥有自己的土地，农场几乎是家庭企业。Farming is highly mechanized. Farms are h

29、ighly efficient and most of New Zealands farmers own their own land. Farms are very much family businesses. 新西兰是世界上最大的羔羊和羊肉出口国，也是最大的奶制品出口国。New Zealand is the worlds largest e*porter of lamb and mutton. It is also the largest e*porter of dairy products.新西兰人以他们的创造性而闻名，这种创造性产生了农业机械设备的多项研制开发。New Zealanders are known for their inventiveness. This has